Charlotte Brontë

by Claire Harman

Milnes, Richard Monckton, 6.1, 11.1, 14.1

  Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de

  Mitford, Mary Russell

  Montgomery, Robert

  Moore, Louis (Shirley), prl.1, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2

  Moore, Robert (Shirley), 11.1, 13.1, bm1.1

  Moore, Thomas: Life of Byron, 7.1

  Morgan, Jane (née Fennell), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1

  Morgan, Lady, 11.1, 13.1

  Morgan, William, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1 and n, 6.1, 12.1

  Morpeth, Lord

  Mossman, Meta, bm1.1, nts.1

  Nabokov, Vladimir, 6.1; Pale Fire, 6.2

  National Gallery, London, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1

  National School Society, 4.1, 9.1

  Nelson, Rear-Admiral Horatio, Duke of Bronte

  Neufeldt, Victor

  New Zealand, 6.1, 9.1, 14.1

  Newby, Thomas: offers to publish Ellis and Acton Bell’s novels, 11.1, 11.2; publication goes ahead, 11.3; bad business practices, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6; advises Emily on second book, 11.7; CB and Anne confront, 11.8

  Newman, John Henry

  Nicholls, Alan

  Nicholls, Arthur Bell: curatorship of CB material, 4.1, 14.1, bm1.1, nts.1; arrives in Haworth, 9.1; character and demeanour, 9.2, 10.1, 13.1, 14.2, 14.3; as curate and Sunday School teacher, 10.2, 14.4, 14.5, bm1.2; feelings for CB, 10.3, 13.2, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9; portrait of by CB, 10.4; conducts Emily’s funeral service, 12.1; difficult relations with Patrick Brontë, 12.2, 14.10, 14.11, 14.12, 14.13; caricatured in Shirley, 13.3; proposes to CB, 14.14; plans to emigrate, 14.15, 14.16; in Kirk Smeaton, 14.17, 14.18; difficulty containing his sorrow, 14.19; appearance and manner, 14.20; renewed courtship of CB, 14.21; offered posts by Vicar of Leeds, 14.22; marries CB, 14.23; takes CB on honeymoon to Ireland, 14.24; married happiness, 14.25; devotion to Patrick Brontë, 14.26, bm1.3, bm1.4; gives opinion of “Emma” (CB), 14.27; strictures over CB’s letter-writing, 14.28; offered living by Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth, 14.29; CB’s pregnancy and death, 14.30, 14.31; against writing of memoir, bm1.5; and Elizabeth Gaskell, bm1.6, bm1.7, bm1.8; return to Banagher, bm1.9; remarries, bm1.10; death, bm1.11

  Nightingale, Florence, 11.1, 13.1 and ns, 14.1, nts.1

  North American Review (periodical), 12.1

  North British Review (periodical), 13.1

  North Lees Hall, Derbyshire, 9.1, bm1.1

  Noyer, Marie-Josephine, 7.1; death 7.2

  Nussey family, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1

  Nussey, Ellen: reminiscences of CB and her family, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2; meets CB, 4.3; at Roe Head School, 4.4; and CB’s letters, 4.5, 5.1, 14.1, bm1.1; entertains CB at Rydings, 4.6; visits to Haworth, 4.7, 6.1, 8.1, 12.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4; impressions of Patrick Brontë, 4.8, 8.2; social sensitivities, 4.9, 6.2; feminine inertia, 5.2, 7.1; protective of CB’s memory, 5.3, bm1.2; object of CB’s affection, 5.4; suggests seaside holiday, 6.3; interest in William Weightman, 6.4, 6.5; holiday with CB in Hathersage, 9.1; on family black sheep, 11.1; suspects CB’s authorship of Jane Eyre, 11.2; in Scarborough and Filey with Anne Brontë and CB, 12.2; falls out with CB, 14.5; attends CB’s wedding, bm1.3; images of, 14.6 and n; relations with Arthur Nicholls, 14.7, bm1.4

  Nussey, George, 4.1, 6.1, 10.1

  Nussey, Reverend Henry: acquaintance with CB, 6.1, 6.2; first curacy, 6.3; proposes to CB, 6.4; as model for St. John Rivers in Jane Eyre, 6.5; marries, 9.1

  Nys, E., 8.1, bm1.1

  Oakwell Hall, Birstall, 9.1, bm1.1

  opium, 5.1, 11.1

  Ostend

  Outhwaite family, and n

  Outhwaite, Frances, 1.1, 1.2, 12.1

  Outhwaite, John, 1.1, 8.1, 10.1

  Oxenhope, West Yorkshire, 9.1, 9.2

  Oxford Movement

  Patchett, Elizabeth

  Peel, Sir Robert, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2

  Pensionnat Heger (school, Brussels), prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 11.1

  Penzance, Cornwall, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 12.1

  Peterloo Massacre, 1.1, 6.1

  pets belonging to the Brontë family, 5.1, 8.1, 9.1; see also “Keeper,” “Flossy”

  Peveril Castle, Derbyshire

  Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (CB, EJB and AB), 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3 and n; sales, 10.3, 11.4, 11.5; critical reception, 10.4

  Postlethwaite family of Broughton-in-Furness, 6.1, 6.2

  Proctor, Adelaide

  Professor, The (CB, first titled “The Master”), prl.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 13.1

  Proust, Marcel

  Pryce, Reverend David, 6.1, 6.2, 13.1

  Quarterly Review, 13.1

  Quillinan, Edward, n

  “Rachel” (stage name of Eliza Félix), 13.1

  railways, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, bm1.1

  Rand, Ebenezer, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Rand, Sarah (née Bacon), 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Randolphe, Charles-Henri

  Ratchford, Fannie

  Rawfolds Mill, 1.1, 4.1

  Redhead, Reverend Samuel

  Redman, Joseph, 5.1, 14.1

  Regent’s Park Zoological Gardens, London

  Reid, Sir Thomas Wemyss, 14.1, bm1.1

  Revue des deux mondes (periodical), 13.1

  Richardson, Samuel, 6.1; Sir Charles Grandison, 6.2

  Richmond, George, 8.1, 13.1, nts.1

  Rigby, Elizabeth (Lady Eastlake), 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3

  Rivers, St. John (Jane Eyre), 6.1

  Roberson, Reverend Hammond, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 11.1, nts.1

  Robinson family of Thorp Green, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2

  Robinson, Edmund, 7.1, 9.1

  Robinson, Edmund, Sr., 9.1, 9.2, 10.1; will, 10.2, 10.3 and n

  Robinson, Lydia (later Lady Scott), 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, nts.1

  Robinson, Lydia Mary, n

  Robinson, William, 6.1, 6.2

  Rochester, Edward (Jane Eyre), prl.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 11.1, bm1.1

  Roe Head School, Mirfield, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2

  Rogers, Samuel

  Royal Academy of Art, 4.1, 4.2, 11.1, 13.1

  Royal Northern Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts

  Rue d’Isabelle, Brussels, 7.1 and n, 7.2

  Ruskin, John, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2; Modern Painters, 13.3

  Russell, William Howard

  Russell’s General Atlas of Modern Geography, 8.1

  Rydal, Cumberland

  Rydings, Birstall (Nussey family home)

  St. John’s College, Cambridge, 1.1, 4.1

  St-Josse-ten-Noode, Brussels, prl.1, 7.1, 8.1

  St. Michael’s Church, Haworth, 2.1, 2.2, 9.1, 12.1; Sunday School built, 4.1

  St. Paul’s Cathedral, London

  Saint-Pierre, Bernadin de, 7.1, 8.1

  Sand, George

  Scarborough, East Yorkshire, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2

  Schiller, Friedrich, 8.1 and n; “Der Taucher,” 8.2

  Scott, Lady (first wife of Sir Edward Scott), 11.1, 12.1

  Scott, Lady (second wife of Sir Edward Scott) see Lydia Robinson

  Scott, Sir Edward

  Scott, Sir Walter, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 9.1, 13.1; Peveril of the Peak, 9.2; Marmion, 12.1

  sexuality, 6.1, 6.2

  Shaen, Emma

  Shannon (river), 9.1, nts.1

  Sharp, Jack

  Sharpe’s London Magazine (periodical), bm1.1

  Shaw, William

  Shibden Hall, Halifax

  Shirley (CB, first titled “Hollow’s Mill”), prl.1, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2; real-life models, 11.3; publication, 13.3; reception, 13.4, 13.5

  Shorter, Clement King, bm1.1, bm1.2

  Sidgwick family of Stonegappe, 6.1, 6.2 and n, 6.3

  Sidgwick, John Benson, 6.1, 6.2 and n

  Silverdale, Lancashire

  Simeon, Charles, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1

  Slade, Mrs.

  Smith family, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1

  Smith, Elizabeth, 11.1,
13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3

  Smith, George: reads manuscript of The Professor, 11.1; acceptance and publication of Jane Eyre, 11.2, 11.3; meets CB, 11.4; CB’s host in London, 11.5, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3; intimacy with CB, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7; appraisals of CB, 13.8, 13.9; as “Dr. John” in Villette, 13.10, 13.11, 14.1; marries, 14.2, 14.3

  Smith, Reverend James, 9.1 and n, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  Snowe, Lucy (Villette), prl.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1

  Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

  Sophie, Mademoiselle (teacher, Brussels), 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Southey, Robert, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1, 9.2; reply to CB’s first letter, 5.3; reply to CB’s second letter, 5.4, 8.1, 13.1

  Sowden, Reverend Sutcliffe, 14.1, 14.2; officiates at CB’s wedding, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6; officiates at CB’s funeral, 14.7

  Spectator (magazine), 14.1

  Spielmann, Marion H., bm1.1, nts.1

  SS-Michel-et-Gudule, Cathedral of (Brussels), prl.1, 7.1, 8.1

  Stanley, Beatrice E., n

  Sterne, Lawrence

  Stonegappe, Lothersdale, North Yorkshire, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 14.1; Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 14.2 and n

  Stuart, J. A. Erskine

  Taylor family of Red House, Gomersal, 4.1, 6.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  Taylor family of Stanbury, 2.1, 9.1

  Taylor, Amelia (née Ringrose), 14.1, bib.1

  Taylor, James, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2; proposes to CB, 13.3; in Bombay, 14.1

  Taylor, John

  Taylor, Joseph, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1 and n, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 11.1, 11.2, 14.1

  Taylor, Martha: at Roe Head School, 4.1; visits Haworth, 6.1; at school in Brussels, 6.2, 7.1; death and burial, 7.2, 8.1, 13.1

  Taylor, Mary: at Roe Head School, 4.1, 4.2; opinions of CB, 4.3, 4.4, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 14.1, nts.1; personality and characteristics, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 7.1; opinions, 4.8, 4.9, 6.1, 7.2, nts.2; at home, 4.10; visits Haworth, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4; attracted to Branwell Brontë, 6.5; travels in Europe, 6.6, 7.3; on journey to Brussels with CB, 7.4; at school in Koekelberg, 7.5; on Emily Brontë, 7.6; nurses dying sister Martha, 7.7; plans to move to Germany, 7.8; criticises Patrick Brontë, 9.3; emigration to New Zealand, 9.4; defends CB’s right to choose marriage, 14.2; Miss Miles, 6.7, nts.3; essays, 6.8

  Taylor, William Henry, 8.1, 11.1

  Teale, Dr.

  Tennyson, Alfred, prl.1st Baron, 11.1, 11.2

  Thackeray, Anne, 13.1, 13.2

  Thackeray, William Makepeace: admired by CB as “social regenerator,” 11.1; responds to CB’s dedication of Jane Eyre second edition, 11.2; keen to meet “Currer Bell,” 11.3; meets CB, 13.1; account of conversation with CB, 13.2; impressions of CB, 13.3; entertains CB to dinner, 13.4; lectures, 13.5; opinion of Villette, 14.1; Vanity Fair, 11.4, 11.5, 12.1, 13.6; Henry Esmond, 13.7

  Thompson, John

  Thornfield (Jane Eyre), 11.1, nts.1

  Thornton, Henry

  Thornton, West Yorkshire

  Thorp Green, North Yorkshire, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

  Tighe, Reverend Thomas

  Times (newspaper), 13.1, 14.1

  Todmorden, West Yorkshire

  Tone, Wolfe

  Trinity College, Dublin, 9.1, 14.1

  Trollope, Anthony

  Trotman, Martha, 7.1, bm1.1

  Turner, J. M. W.

  Turner, Joseph Horsfall

  Upperwood House, Apperley Bridge, 6.1, 6.2

  Victoria, Queen, prl.1, 11.1

  Villette (CB), prl.1, prl.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2; inception and composition, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2; reception, 14.3, 14.4

  Vincent, Reverend Osman Parke

  Voltaire, 3.1, 7.1

  Wade, Reverend John, and n

  Walker, Amelia, n

  Walker, Anne

  Walker, Sir Emery, 14.1

  Walker, John

  Walker, Robin, n

  Wappers, Egide Charles Gustave, Épisode des journées de septembre 1830 sur la place de l’Hôtel de Ville de Bruxelles, 7.1

  Ward, Mrs. Humphry

  Waterclough Hall, Halifax

  Waterloo, Battle of, 1.1, 7.1; battlefield, 7.2

  Weightman, William: arrives in Haworth, 6.1; writes Valentines for Brontë sisters, 6.2; sits for portrait by CB, 6.3, nts.1; “male-flirt,” 6.4; friend to Branwell Brontë, 7.1; illness and death, 7.2; funeral, 7.3; possible model for Weston in Agnes Grey, 10.1

  Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, prl.1st Duke of, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 13.1, 13.2

  Wesley, John, 1.1, 2.1

  Westall, Richard

  Westminster Abbey, London

  Westwood, Thomas

  Wethersfield, Essex, 1.1, 2.1

  Wheelhouse, Dr.

  Wheelwright family of Brussels, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

  Wheelwright, Frances, 7.1, nts.1

  Wheelwright, Laetitia, 10.1, 12.1, 14.1, nts.1

  Wheelwright, Dr. Thomas

  White family of Upperwood House, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1

  Wilberforce, William

  William IV, King: coronation

  Williams, William Smith: CB advises about his daughters’ careers, 6.1; reads and praises The Professor, 11.1; first reader of Jane Eyre, 11.2; dealings with CB in role as editor, 11.3, 11.4, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1; friendship with CB, 11.5, 14.2; attends dramatisation of Jane Eyre, 11.6; meets CB, 11.7; socialises with CB in London, 11.8; concern for Emily Brontë during illness, 12.2; suggests companion for CB, 13.4; CB compares to “easy down or warm fur,” 13.5; at Mrs. Smith’s ball, 13.6; gives CB his opinion of James Taylor, 14.3; CB snubs in letter, 14.4

  Wilson, William, 11.1, 11.2

  Wilson, William Carus, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1; Child’s First Tales, 2.3, 13.1

  Winkworth, Catherine, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4

  Winnifrith, Tom, 10.1, nts.1

  Wise, Thomas J.

  Wiseman, Cardinal, 13.1, 13.2

  Wood, William

  Woodhouse Grove School, Apperley Bridge, 1.1, 1.2

  Wooler family, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Wooler, Catherine, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1

  Wooler, Margaret: as head of Roe Head School, 4.1, 5.1; character, 4.2, 5.2; as role model, 4.3, 6.1; and Emily Brontë, 5.3; disagreement with CB and breach, 6.2; moves school to Heald’s House, 6.3; affection for CB, 6.4; sympathy with CB’s distress, 6.5; asks CB to take over running of Heald’s House School, 6.6; model for Mrs. Pryor in Shirley, 11.1; attends Anne Brontë’s funeral, 12.1; visited by CB in Hornsea, 14.1; gives CB away at wedding, 14.2

  Wooler, Marianne, 4.1, 6.1

  Wordsworth, William, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 11.1

  Worsnop, Thomas, n

  Wuthering Heights (film, William Wyler, 1939), 10.1

  York and North Midland Railway Company

  York, Yorkshire

  Zamorna, Duke of (Arthur Augustus Adrian Wellesley, Marquis of Douro, King of Angria), 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 11.1

  Illustration Credits

  ins.1 Maria Branwell (1783–1821), copy of a miniature by J. Tonkin, 1799 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.2 Patrick Brontë (1777–1861), c. 1808 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.3 26 Market Street, Thornton, c. 1904 (photograph by J. J. Stead, published in The Bookman, October 1904)

  ins.4 Haworth Parsonage, 1850s (© Brontë Society)

  ins.5 Map of Haworth, 1853, drawn up by the Board of Health (reproduced by permission of Bradford Libraries; photograph by Steven Wood)

  ins.6 Haworth—general view, a nineteenth-century engraving (© Brontë Society)

  ins.7 Interior of St. Michael’s Church, Haworth, c. 1865 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.8 Cowan Bridge School, engraving by O. Jewitt, 1824 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.9 Roe Head School, pencil drawing by Charlotte Brontë, c. 1831–2 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.10 Collection of juvenile manuscripts by Charlotte Brontë, 1826–30 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.11 Emily Jane Brontë, D
iary Paper, 26 June 1837 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.12 Arthur Wellesley, pencil drawing by Charlotte Brontë, c. 1834 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.13 Branwell Brontë (1817–48), self-portrait in pencil (© Brontë Society)

  ins.14 Emily Brontë (1818–48), oil painting by Branwell Brontë, c. 1833–4 (© National Portrait Gallery, London)

  ins.15 Anne Brontë (1820–49), pencil drawing by Charlotte Brontë, 1833 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.16 Anne, Emily and Charlotte Brontë, oil painting by Branwell Brontë, c. 1833–4 (© National Portrait Gallery, London)

  ins.17 Interior of the Cathedral of SS-Michel-et-Gudule in Brussels, painting by T. Allom, engraved by T. Turnbull, 1840 (© Royal Library of Belgium, S111 94143)

  ins.18 Rue d’Isabelle, Brussels, photograph by Victor Tahon, 1850s (© Archives of the City of Brussels, C-11525)

  ins.19 The Heger Family, oil painting by Ange François, 1846 (private collection)

  ins.20 Prospectus for the Misses Brontë’s school, Haworth, 1844 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.21 Portrait of a young woman, by Charlotte Brontë; drawn in the copy of Russell’s General Atlas of Modern Geography that she took with her to Brussels in 1842–3 (see pp. 193–4), (copyright and photography: The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, PML 129886)

  ins.22 Charlotte Brontë, chalk drawing by George Richmond, 1850 (© National Portrait Gallery, London)

  ins.23 Reverend William Weightman (1814–42), pencil drawing by Charlotte Brontë, c. 1840 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.24 Reverend Arthur Bell Nicholls (1819–1906), pencil sketch, probably by Charlotte Brontë, c. 1845–6 (© The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, MA 2696.56)

  ins.25 Dining room, Haworth Parsonage (photograph by Simon Warner; © Brontë Society)

  ins.26 Title page of Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell, 1846

  ins.27 Autographs of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (© Brontë Society)

  ins.28 A Parody, drawing by Branwell Brontë, in a letter to J. B. Leyland (© Brontë Society)

  ins.29 George Smith (1824–1901), an anonymous portrait, c. 1848 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.30 William Smith Williams (1800–1875), photograph, c. 1860 (© Brontë Society)

  ins.31 Charlotte and Anne Brontë at the offices of Smith, Elder & Co. in July 1848, woodcut by Joan Hassall (from The Brontë Story by Margaret Lane)

  ins.32 William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–63), drawing by Francis Holl, after stipple engraving by Samuel Laurence, published 1853 (© National Portrait Gallery, London)

  ins.33 Harriet Martineau (1802–1876), chalk drawing by George Richmond, 1849 (© National Portrait Gallery, London)