Tories

by Thomas B. Allen

  6. Martin, A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier (New York: Signet Classic, 2001), p. 207.

  7. Fenn, Pox Americana says that the footnote containing the Leslie letter “has been excised from most extant copies” of a 1777 book written by a British officer suggesting the use of smallpox as a weapon (p. 314).

  8. Carleton to Lieutenant General Alexander Leslie, July 15, 1782, cited in Crary, The Price of Loyalty, p. 357.

  9. Risher, “Propaganda, Dissension, and Defeat,” pp. 243–244.

  10. “The British Evacuate Savannah Georgia,” Sons of the American Revolution Magazine, vol. 101, no. 4 (Spring 2007). http://www.revolutionarywararchives .org/savannah.html; accessed 3/20/2009.

  11. Risher, “Propaganda, Dissension, and Defeat,” p. 252.

  12. Van Tyne, The Loyalists in the American Revolution, p. 289.

  13. Jones, History of New York During the Revolutionary War, vol. 2, pp. 235–236, as cited by Crary, The Price of Loyalty, p. 358.

  14. Carole Watterson Troxler, “The Migration of Carolina and Georgia Loyalists to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick” (Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, 1974), p. 53. Under the treaty ending the French and Indian War, Britain had traded British-occupied Havana to Spain in exchange for Florida. The British divided the colony into East Florida and West Florida, with St. Augustine and Pensacola the respective capitals.

  15. Ibid., table, p. 46.

  16. Crary, The Price of Loyalty, p. 360.

  17. London Chronicle, July 5–7, 1783, quoted in Wertenbaker, Father Knickerbocker Rebels, p. 256.

  18. Norton, The British-Americans, p. 125.

  19. Crary, “The Tory and the Spy,” The William and Mary Quarterly, pp. 61–72.

  20. Wertenbaker, Father Knickerbocker Rebels, p. 254.

  21. Sabine, p. 265.

  22. Christopher Moore, The Loyalists (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1984), p. 150.

  23. Details of the Union’s voyage come from Stephen Eric Davidson, The Burdens of Loyalty, an electronic book produced by Trinity Enterprise. http://www .loonielink.com/component/option.com_virtuemart/page, shop.product_details/flypage_ebo/ok/category_id,59/product_id, 261/Itemid,185; accessed 3/29/2010. He is also the author of “A Manifest Destiny” in Canada’s History (formerly The Beaver), August-September 2008. The article also is a source for information about the Union.

  24. Davidson, “A Manifest’s Destiny,” p. 39.

  25. This and other Digby quotations come from his 1783 Naval Order Books, which a descendant of the admiral, Lady Digby, presented to the Digby Museum in the admiral’s namesake Nova Scotia town in 2006. The museum allowed the author to view the Order Books.

  26. “Boston King,” Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, http://www.biographi .ca/009004–119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=2489; accessed 7/5/2009. Memoirs of the Life of Boston King, a Black Preacher, published in The Methodist Magazine in four installments in 1798. From an electronic edition prepared for the Antislavery Literature Project, Arizona State University, http://antislavery.eserver.org/narratives/boston_kingproof.pdf. Accessed 3/23/2010.

  27. Ellen Gibson Wilson, The Loyal Blacks (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons/Capricorn Books, 1976), p. 51.

  28. Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management, published in “The Black Loyalists of Nova Scotia,” Nova Scotia Museum publication. http://museum .gov.ns.ca/blackloyalists/who.htm; accessed 3/28/2010.

  29. Wilson, The Loyal Blacks, p. 53, based on diary of Judge William Smith, who attended as an aide to Carleton.

  30. Personal communication, Christa Dierksheide, 3/4/2009, Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello.

  31. Wilson, The Loyal Blacks, p. 52.

  32. Ibid., pp. 53–54.

  33. Fitzpatrick, The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, vol. 26, p. 403. Substance of a Conference between General Washington and Sir Guy Carleton, May 6, 1783; ibid., letter to Carleton, p. 408.

  34. “Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People,” http://www.blackloyalist.com/canadiandigitalcollection/people/secular/blucke.htm; accessed 3/24/2009. Also, guide at Birchtown Museum, Birchtown, NS, 8/18/2006.

  35. Paul A. Gilje and William Pencak, New York in the Age of the Constitution (Rutherford, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1992), pp. 20, 40.

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