at Peleliu, 117–20, 123–24
at Saipan, 62–63, 71–72
at Tarawa, 56
at Tinian, 82–84, 87
at West Loch, Pearl Harbor, 68–69
Cates, Clifford B., 82–84, 141–42
quoted, 136
Central Pacific Force. See Fifth Fleet
Chambers, “Jumping Joe,” 205
Churchill, Winston, 173
CINCPAC (Commander in Chief, Pacific). See Nimitz, Chester
Clark, Joseph J. “Jocko,” 130
Clement, William T., 192
Close air support, 96–97, 180–81, 203
at Bougainville, 51 n
at Gavutu-Tanambogo, 30
at Guam, 75, 77 n
at Iwo Jima, 139–40
at Okinawa, 154, 161, 168
at Peleliu, 121–23
at Tarawa, 57
at Tinian, 82
Colley, Thomas J. “Jack,” 29, 49, 202, 204 fig.
Colorado, 41, 41 n, 82, 93
Combat fatigue, 187–88
Command relations, 174–75, 179, 196–97
at Guam, 74, 78–80
Japanese, 16, 187
at Okinawa, 167–68, 171
problems with, 14–15, 33
at Tarawa, 56–57
Communications, 54, 96
Congressional Medal of Honor, 102, 144, 203, 205
Conolly, Richard L. “Close-In,” 67, 93–94, 96, 178
and Guam campaign, 74, 78–79
Counterattacks, Japanese, 20–21, 39, 52–55, 146–47
night
Saipan, 71–72, 204–5
Tinian, 83–84
Crane, Edward J., 2–4
Crotty, Norma, 144
Crowe, Henry P., 102, 197
Culebra Island, 13
Cushman, Robert E., Jr., quoted, 188
Dabrowski, Stanley, 144
Daisy-cutters (bombs), 59–60
Dashiell, 54
Davis, G. B., 178
Davis, Ray, 120
quoted, 120 n
Del Valle, Pedro A., 151, 162
Dickey, Ward E., 160
Dieppe, 26–27
“Directive for Operation Olympic,” 175
Dodd, Paul M., 71
Dorchester, 35
Drea, Edward J., 191
Drewes, Henry C., 47 n, 53 n
DUKWs. See Landing vehicles, DUKWs
Eby, Kerr, 199 fig.
Edson, Merritt A. “Red Mike,” 2
quoted, 103
Eisenhower, Dwight D., quoted, 12
Ellis, Earl H. “Pete,” 9–10
“Elsie Eyes” (LCIs). See Landing craft, LCIs
“Elsie Gees” (LCI-Gs). See Landing craft, LCI-Gs
Eniwetok, 65–66, 73–74
Enola Gay, 85
Erskine, Graves B., 60, 180
V Amphibious Corps (VAC), 58, 60, 67, 84, 179, 190–91
at Iwo Jima, 128, 140, 144
Fifth Amphibious Force, 176, 178
Fifth Fleet, 44, 63–65, 67, 127, 162–65, 175
Fleet Marine Force (FMF), 15, 80
“Fleet That Came to Stay, the,” 165
Fleet Training Publication (FTP) No. 167, 14–16
quoted, 46
Fletcher, Frank Jack, 11
Floros, Nick, 164
Force Reconn (Marine reconnaissance unit), 95, 153, 161, 169, 203
Forrestal, James, 128
Fort, George H., 105, 113, 120–21
Fox, Fred K., 124
“Friendly fire,” 57, 203
Frogmen. See UDT (underwater demolitions team)
FTP (Fleet Training Publication) No. 167, 14–16
quoted, 46
Fukkaku defense
defined, 110
at Iwo Jima, 132, 135–36, 145
at Okinawa, 151, 160–62, 166, 168–70
at Peleliu, 110–11, 122–24
Fuller, J.F.C., quoted, 6
Galer, Robert E., 202–3, 204 fig.
Gallipoli, lessons from, 10–14, 57
Gavutu. See Gavutu-Tanambogo
Gavutu-Tanambogo, 2–4, 194
lessons from, 6–7, 27–32
Geiger, Roy S., 67
and Guam campaign, 74, 78–79, 197
and Okinawa campaign, 150–51, 160, 162, 170
and Peleliu campaign, 105, 107, 111–13, 119, 120–23
George F. Elliot (PA 13), 11
Gilbert Islands. See Makin; Tarawa
Gilbert Islands, 180
Giretsu (paratroop commandos), 163
Guadalcanal, 2, 11, 20, 22, 27
Guam, 21–22, 73–79, 74 fig.
“Half fish, half crazy,” 138
Hall, Charles P., 176, 186
Halsey, William F. “Bull,” 52, 93, 105–7, 175
Hanneken, Herman, 112
Harris, “Bucky,” 112
Hart, Liddell, quoted, 11
Hata, Shunroku, 182, 186
Hawkins, Deane, 196–97
Hays, Lawrence C., 102
Heinl, Robert Debs, quoted, 197
Henderson, Frederick P., quoted, 167
Heywood, 34
Higgins boats, 25, 31
Hill, Harry W. “Handsome Harry,” 93, 202
and Iwo Jima campaign, 136, 143, 145
and Kyūshū campaign, 176, 178–79
and Marianas campaign, 67
Saipan, 99
Tinian, 80, 82
and Tarawa campaign, 50, 57
Hinsdale, 155
Hittle, James D., 197
Hobbs Victory, 164
Hollandia, New Guinea, 89–91
Horner, Ray “Hootie,” 49
Hunt, George P., 118–19
Hunt, Leroy P., 180
Ichimaru, Toshinosuke, 131–32
IGHQ. See Japanese units, Imperial General Headquarters (IGHQ)
Ikeda, Masuo, 131–32, 147
Indianapolis, 25, 50, 93
Inoue, Sadae, 108–9
Intelligence gathering, 28–29, 49, 111, 128–29, 134, 202. See also Force Reconn (Marine reconnaissance unit)
Interservice rivalry. See Command relations
“Iron Bottom Sound,” Guadalcanal, 2
Iwo Jima
casualties, 129, 139, 142, 144, 146–47, 188
embarking landing force at, 136–37, 139
flag-raising at, 143–44
Japanese defense of, 129–34, 137–39, 141–42, 145–48
offloading at, 142–43, 201–2
planning for, 126–29, 136
Japan
invasion of, planned. See Kyūshū
surrender of, 190–91
Japanese units, 5, 36, 87, 103, 164. See also Amphibious operations, Japanese; Counterattacks, Japanese; Suicide missions
Imperial General Headquarters (IGHQ), 27, 70, 87, 108–9, 111, 129, 131, 150, 181–84
at Iwo Jima, 132–34, 141–42, 145–48
in the Marianas, 69–70
Guam, 74–78
Saipan, 71–72
Tinian, 79–84
at Okinawa, 160–62
at Peleliu, 107–11, 114, 117–18, 122–24
rikusentai (special naval landing forces), 16, 17 table, 19, 202, 206
at Tarawa, 40–44, 61
JCS. See Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)
Johnston Island, 25
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 44, 47, 66, 105–6, 127, 147, 173–75, 181, 189–90
Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations (1992), quoted, 196
Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific Ocean Area (JICPOA), 29
Joint Planning Staff Report No. 205 (“Operations against the Marshall Islands”), 47
Joint War Plans Commission, 46–47
Jones, James L., 95, 153, 161, 203, 204 fig.
Jones, William K., 205
Jordan, Walter I., quoted, 61
Kaido, Chosaku, 133, 146
Kaitan (“human torpedoes”), 146
Kamikazes. See Suicide missions
>
Kanai, Kei, 146
Karch, Frederick J., quoted, 84
Keleher, Michael F. “Irish Mike,” 203–5
quoted, 188
Kennard, Richard C., 114, 157
Kerama-rettō Islands, 153
Ketcham, William T., 188
Ketsu-Go, 184, 188, 189
Keyes, Roger, quoted, 34
Kikusui (“floating chrysanthemum”), 152–53, 163–64
Kiland, Ingolf N., 178
King, Ernest J., 65–66, 106, 175
quoted, 193
Klatt, Larry E., 205, 207 fig.
illustrations by, 42, 43, 115, 133, 185
Knowles, Herbert B., quoted, 30
Knox, Frank, 193
Koiso, Kuniaki, 147
Krueger, Walter, 175–76, 186
Krulak, Victor H. “Brute,” 51, 160, 169
field tests LVT, 46–47
Kuribayashi, Tadamichi, 125, 186
at Iwo Jima, 87, 128–34, 138–39, 141–42, 146–48
Kyūshū
assessing likely outcome of, 186–90
campaign for, canceled, 191–92
Japanese defense plans for, 181–86
military components of, campaign, 175–76, 178–81, 190–91
planning for, 174–77
Lamar, H. Arthur “Hal,” 105 n
Landing craft, 35, 37–38, 59, 194, 198
evolution of, 97–99
at Gavutu-Tanambogo, 30–31
Higgins boats, 25, 31
LCI-Gs, 68, 94–95, 99, 138–39
LCIs, 38, 59, 169
Landing ships, 169, 194, 198
LSDs, 48–49, 113
LSTs, 37–38, 47, 69, 70–71, 79, 155
Landing vehicles, 194, 198
DUKWs, 82, 97–99, 123, 157–58
LVT-As, 68, 94, 97, 99, 155, 167, 194
LVTs, 98–99, 112, 118, 138 fig., 143
at Betio, 52–53, 58
field tested, 46–47, 58–59
for Marianas campaign, 67–68, 75, 79
at Okinawa, 155, 157–58, 169
vulnerability of, 60–61
LCI-Gs (“Elsie Gees”). See Landing craft, LCI-Gs
LCIs (“Elsie Eyes”). See Landing craft, LCIs
LCM-3, 25, 31
LCVP, 25, 31
LeMay, Curtis, 147
Liscome Bay, 92
Logan Victory, 164
Loomis, Francis B., 197
LSDs (dock landing ships), 48–49, 113
LSTs (tank landing ships). See Landing ships, LSTs
Luzon, 19, 127
LVT-As (armored amphibians). See Landing vehicles, LVT-As
LVTs (tracked landing vehicles). See Landing vehicles, LVTs
MacArthur, Douglas, 65, 105–6, 110, 186, 190
amphibious operations of, 88–91, 89 n
and Kyūshū campaign, 174–76
and Morotai campaign, 119–20
“MacArthur’s Amphibious Navy,” 88–91
“MacArthur’s Marines,” 124
Makin, 26–27, 92
Manert L. Abele, 162–63
Marianas, the
Guam, 73–79, 74 fig.
Japanese defenses in, 69–70
Nimitz’s misgivings about, 64–66
planning for, 66–69
Saipan, 62–63, 64 fig., 70–73, 71 fig.
Tinian, 79–85
Marine Corps aircraft
F4U Corsairs, 121, 123, 139, 160–61, 180
“Grasshoppers,” 168
Piper Cubs (“Bird Dogs”), 121, 168
Marine Corps Commandants, 80 n
Marine Corps units
1st Marine Division, 15, 123, 124, 125, 151, 162, 166, 206
at Guadalcanal, 2, 11
at Okinawa, 158–59
at Peleliu, 111–19
1st Marines, 113, 118
1st Battalion, 120
3d Battalion, King Company, 118–19
casualties, 120, 123
1st Parachute Battalion, 2–3
1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 74–77
1st Raider Battalion, 2, 206
1st Tank Battalion, 162
2d Amphibian Tractor Battalion, 53 n
casualties, 155
2d Marine Division, 47–50 passim, 62, 99, 151, 158, 165–66, 179–80, 191, 205
casualties, 187
in the Gilberts, 58–60
at Okinawa, 153, 155
at Rendova, 39
in reserve for Okinawa, 165
at Tinian, 82, 84
2d Marines, 54
1st Battalion, Baker Company, 2–4, 6–7
2d Battalion, 61
3d Battalion, casualties, 155
2d Parachute Battalion, 51
2d Raider Battalion, 26
2d Raiders, 51
3d Marine Division, 74–77, 136, 142–43, 179–80, 197
at Bougainville, 51
at Iwo Jima, 145, 147
3d Marines, 51
4th Marine Division, 61, 62, 136, 141–42, 179, 188, 203
casualties, 102
at Iwo Jima, 145, 145 n, 146–47
at Tinian, 82–84
4th Marines, 74, 192
5th Marine Division, 136, 179–80, 193–94, 197
at Iwo Jima, 145, 145 n, 147
5th Marines, 119, 121, 122
1st Battalion, 168
6th Marine Division, 151, 158, 160, 162, 166, 169–70, 206
6th Marines, 1st Battalion, 56, 71, 205
7th Marines, 119
8th Marines, 166, 170
9th Marine Defense Battalion, 38
9th Marines, 75
10th Marines, 1st Battalion, 31 n
11th Marines, 113
14th Marines, 72, 84
22d Marines, 74, 77, 160
23d Marines, 141
24th Marines, 3d Battalion, Item Company, casualties, 188
25th Marines, 141
3d Battalion, 203
26th Marines, 2d Battalion, Fox Company, casualties, 188
27th Marines, 141
3d Battalion, 199
28th Marines, 141
29th Marines, 160
aviation. See also Close air support; Marine Corps aircraft
1st MAW, 180
2d MAW, 180
3d MAW, 180
growth of, 97, 98 fig.
MAG-11, 121, 122
MAG-21, 77
MAG-31, 160
MAG-33, 160
VMO 3, 121
VMO pilots, 168
growth of, 151
landing of, in Japan, 191–92
reconnaissance (Force Reconn), 95, 153, 161, 169, 203
Marpi Point, civilian suicides at, 72–73
Marshall, George C., 91, 175, 190
Marshalls, the, 49, 65
Maryland, 41, 50
McCawley, 35
McKean, 35
McLaughlin, John, quoted, 122
McLeod, Kenneth, 102
Medical personnel (Navy surgeons, hospital corpsmen serving with Marines), 102, 144, 168 n, 203–5
Metzger, Louis, 99
quoted, 94
Michelony, Lewis J., Jr., 205–6, 207 fig.
Mikawa, Gunichi, 11
Miller, Nathan, 124
Mississippi, 93
Mitscher, Marc, 65, 89, 128, 139, 163
Momoji. See Bloody Nose Ridge (Umurbrogal), Peleliu
Monssen, 30
Morison, Samuel Eliot, quoted, 78–79
Mueller, Paul, 111
Mulcahy, Francis P., 151, 159–60, 163
Munn, John C., 160
Murai, Kenjiro, 109
Murray, Raymond L., 102
Nakagawa, Kunio, 109, 122–24, 186
tactics of, 110–11, 117–18
Nautilus, 56, 57, 95, 203
Naval gunfire support, 88, 92–96, 180 n, 208
at Betio, 49, 52–54, 55 fig.
at Gavutu-Tanambogo, 30
at Iwo Jima, 134–36, 138–40, 143
in the Marianas, 68
Guam, 74, 77 n
Tinian, 82
at Okinawa, 154, 161, 164–65
at Peleliu, 107, 113
Navy Hospital Corps, 102
Neap tide, at Betio, 53 n, 202
Nelson, Horatio, quoted, 20
New Guinea, Barbey’s landings in, 89–91
Ngesebus, 121–22
Nimitz, Chester, 69 n, 80, 89, 190
and Iwo Jima campaign, 127–28, 147
and Kyūshū campaign, 174–75
and Marianas campaign, 64–66
at Marpi Point, Saipan, 72–73
and Okinawa campaign, 150, 165
and Peleliu campaign, 104–7
quoted, 22
and Tarawa campaign, 49–50
Nimmer, David R., 46–47
Nishi, Takeichi, 132
No Bended Knee (Twining), quoted, 172
Nomura, Kishisaburo, quoted, 85
Normandy invasion, 63, 67
Numata, Takazo, 110
Obata, Hideyoshi, 63, 69, 75, 77
Office for Strategic Services (OSS), 190
Ogata, Keishi, 80, 83–84
Okinawa, 127, 192 fig.
Buckner’s strategy at, 162, 165–70
embarking landing force at, 154–59
Japanese defense of, 151–53, 160–62, 166, 168–70
military components of, campaign, 150–51, 153–54
planning for, 149–50, 153–54
Old Breed. See Marine Corps units, 1st Marine Division
Oldendorf, Jesse B., 113, 178
Olson, Donald W., 53 n
Onuki, Tadao, quoted, 40
Operation Coronet, 173–74
Operation Detachment. See Iwo Jima
Operation Dipper. See Bougainville
Operation Downfall, 173–74
Operation Forager. See Marianas, the
Operation Galvanic. See Tarawa
Operation Iceberg. See Okinawa
Operation Olympic. See Kyūshū
Operation Reckless, 89–91
Operation Stalemate II. See Peleliu
Operation Toenails, 37
Operation Torch, 27
Operation Watchtower, 27, 32
Orote peninsula, Guam, 77 n
OSS (Office for Strategic Services), 190
Osuga, Kotono, 128
Ota, Minoru, 26, 169–70, 206
Outline of Amphibious Operations, Japan’s, 16
Owens, Robert A., 51
Palaus, the. See Peleliu
Paramarines, 2–3, 31
Parris Island, 193
Paulus, Loren F. “Sonny,” 69 n, 105 n
Pearl Harbor, West Loch disaster at, 68–69
Peleliu
Japanese defense of, 107–11, 114, 122–24
landing at, 107, 114–19
planning for, 104–7, 111–13
strategic benefits of, 124–25
Pennsylvania, 50
Piper, Earl S., 197
Platt, Jonas M., 119
“Point, the,” Peleliu, 113, 118, 118 n
Poison gas, 189–90
President Jackson (AP 37), 2
Princeton, 52
Puller, Lewis B. “Chesty,” 102, 112
and Peleliu campaign, 118–20, 120 n
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