1995
Page 36
Amtrak, 177
Andreessen, Marc, 196n77; as AOL chief technology officer, 39; current career of, 159; Microsoft and, 36, 171; as Mosaic developer, 34–35, 196n83; as Netscape cofounder, 33–35, 33 fig. 7, 159, 196n87; Netscape IPO stake of, 37; predictions of, 248n36; on Windows, 36
Andreessen-Horowitz (venture capital firm), 159
Angelou, Maya, 10
anger, 9
Anthony, Casey, murder trial of (2012), 156–57
Anthony, Caylee, 156
anti-Islamic terrorism, 157
anti-Semitism, 187n37
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (1996), 75–76, 171
Apollo 13 (film; 1995), 172
Apple, R.W., 146
Apple Computer, 13, 40, 160, 188n57
Architects of the Web (Reid), 37
Arenella, Peter, 94–95, 96, 213n24, 214n33, 215n50, 221–22n126
Arkansas Bar Association, 147, 243n134
Arkansas Supreme Court, 243n134
Armitage, Richard, 218n87
Arnwine, Barbara, 187n36
Aronson, Jay D., 220nn110–12, 220n114
Asahara, Shoko, 167
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, 139
Associated Press, 58–60, 241n102
astronomy, 5–7, 6 fig. 1, 185–86nn19–23, 186n28
AT&T Worldnet, 38
Atlanta Braves, 178
Atlantic City (NJ), 176
Atlantis (space shuttle), 4, 172
Auckland (New Zealand), 13
Auction Web, 23. See also eBay
Aum Shinrikyo (religious cult), 55, 167
Bailey, F. Lee, 83, 214n37
Baker, Peter, 128
Baker, Russell, 8–9, 186n31
balanced-budget amendment, 166
balloon flights, 165
Baltimore (MD), papal visit to, 177
Baltimore Orioles, 175
Balz, Dan, 241n111, 243n125
Bandow, Doug, 235n13
Banja Luka (Bosnia), 126, 232n170
Barbieri, Paula, 215n47
Barings PLC, 3, 166
Barksdale, James, 32–33, 37–39, 197n99
Barron’s, 45
Barry, Dave, 19
Barry, Marion, 163
Barton-Davis, Paul, 201n150
baseball, 175, 178
baseball strike, 167
basketball, 166, 167
Bass, Warren, 225n34
BBC, 179
Beinart, Peter, 127–28
Being Digital (Negroponte), 14–15, 189n67, 189nn69–70
Beirut (Lebanon), Marine Corps barracks bombings in (1983), 64
Belfast (Northern Ireland), 180
Bell, Linda Marie, 247n18
Belle, Albert, 178
Bennett, Bob, 240n96
Bennett, Tony, 166
Berke, Richard L., 244–45n143
Berners-Lee, Tim, 24, 39, 47, 48–49, 194n46, 198n106, 199n125, 202n183
Bezos, Jeffrey Preston: Amazon.com naming and, 44; as Amazon founder/chief executive, 40, 41 fig. 8, 199–200n130; frugality of, 43; interviews granted by, 46; press coverage of, 45–47; Washington Post purchased by, 46, 202n168. See also Amazon.com
Bezos, MacKenzie, 40, 44
Bildt, Carl, 126
Bin Laden, Osama, 70
Block, Herb, 72 fig. 11
Blockbuster Videos, 189n75
blogs, 29
Blue Sky (film; 1994), 167
Blumenthal, Sidney, 144, 241n112
BoingBoing.net, 27
Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), 201n43
books, 7–9
Bosnia: ethnic makeup of, 222n4; 51/49 split of, 114, 116, 118–20, 121; Greater Serbia/Greater Croatia formulation, 105–6, 223n9, 223–24n16; implications of independence, 222–23n5; peacekeeping troops in, 123–24, 125, 179–80, 231nn149, 164; PowerScene images of, 116–17; as putative al-Qaeda safe haven, 128–29
Bosnian Croats, 104, 105, 118, 222n4. See also Muslim-Croat Federation
Bosnian Muslims, 104, 105, 107–8, 118, 129, 157, 222n4. See also Muslim-Croat Federation
Bosnian Serb Resettlement Office, 125
Bosnian Serbs: Bosnian independence opposed by, 104; Dayton Agreement shortcomings and, 123, 125; ethnic cleansing campaigns of, 105; Milošević and, 117–18, 229n115; O’Grady shot down by, 171, 225n33; peacekeeper routes blocked by, 225n35; as percent of Bosnian population, 222n4; Rohde arrested by, 115–16; Sarajevo laid siege to by, 104–5, 110, 175; Srebrenica massacre perpetrated by (1995), 107–8, 157
Bosnian War (1992–1995): American hubris as consequence of, 2, 233n183; armed combatants at end of, 230n143; beginning of, 104–5; casualties of, 123; causes of, 222–23n5; cease fire in, 126, 176; Croatian offensive in, 108–9, 119, 126, 173, 232n170; diplomatic failures in resolving, 114; end of, 2, 103–4, 179, 230n143; ethnic cleansing during, 105, 108, 173, 223n6; internecine warfare in, 113; Islamist fighters in, 129, 233–34n196; NATO airstrikes during, 108, 109, 175, 228n92; O’Grady rescue during, 106, 171, 224n22, 224nn24–25, 225n33; Srebrenica massacre during (1995), 2–3, 107–8, 115, 126, 157–58, 172, 225nn40–41, 229n100; Syrian civil war compared to, 158; UN peacekeepers in, 225n34; US foreign policy toward, 131, 224n25, 225n32, 225n34; US public opinion of, 105, 223nn10–12; war crimes during, 117, 125, 173, 229n112. See also Dayton Agreement (1995); Dayton peace negotiations (1995)
Boss, Alan P., 185n20
Boston Herald, 2
Boston University, 11
Brandt, Richard L., 200n135, 201n149
Brassard, Pierre, 3–4, 178, 184n7
Braveheart (film; 1995), 9, 169
Brcko (Bosnia), 119–20
Breivik, Anders Behring, 157, 248n25
Brentwood News, 101
Brin, Sergey, 21, 191n3
British Parliament, 223–24n16
Broadhurst Theatre (New York, NY), 172
Broder, David, 245n145
Brokaw, Tom, 206n37
Bronner, Ethan, 241n103
Brossard, Mario A., 187n39
Brown, Divine (pseud.), 4, 185n14
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation, 17–18, 190n93
Brownstein, Ronald, 88–89, 216n63
Buckingham Palace (London, England), 181
Budowle, Bruce, 97–98, 220n112
Bugliosi, Vincent, 70, 209n79, 214n34
Bullock, Neil James, 10
Bunting, Todd, 67–68, 208n64
Burger, Warren E., 172
Burns, Nicholas, 227n79
Bush, George H.W., 107, 142, 147
Bush, George W., 9, 127, 128, 146, 233n185
Business Week, 190n85
Butler, R. Paul, 185–86n23
Caba, Susan, 83
Calvin and Hobbes (cartoon), 152–53, 246nn4–6
Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun (Florence, Italy; 1995), 6
Camp David talks (1978), 113, 226–27n62
Canada, 178
Cannon, Robert, 195n64
Cape Canaveral (FL), 4, 184n10
Capital Cities–ABC Inc., 173
capital punishment, 166
Carlson, Peter, 67, 208n60
Carlsson, Ingvar, 165
Carnegie Mellon University, 29, 30
Carpenter, Ted Galen, 123
Carter, Charles K., 222n4
Carter, Jimmy, 131, 234n8
Cassidy, John, 201n164
Cassidy, Mike, 195n73
Cato Institute, 123
CBS: Bosnia peacekeeping poll of, 231n149; Clinton interviews on, 238n64, 242–43n123; Clinton-Lewinsky, coverage of, 143–44, 244n142, 245n144; Clinton “relevance” news conference ratings of, 234n2; evening-news ratings of, 206n37; Oklahoma City bombing, coverage of, 64; presidential election (1996) polls of, 93; Simpson ridiculed on, 157; tobacco industry and, 17–18; Westinghouse acquisition of, 173
Center for the Study of Popular Culture, 89
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 40
Cerf, Vinton G., 22
C
hanning, Carol, 177
Charles (Prince of Wales), 132, 179, 181
Charles, Robert G., 208n57, 209n73
Chase, Brad, 38
Chavis, Benjamin, 180
Chicago (IL), 173, 174
Chicago Bulls, 166
China, 171
Chirac, Jacques, 131, 169
Chollet, Derek, 115, 116, 127, 226n59, 227n79, 229n101
Christian Science Monitor, 115, 229n101
Christopher, Warren: Albright as successor to, 124; character of, 226n57; Dayton negotiations deadline extended by, 119; Dayton news blackout and, 227n79; Dayton opening address given by, 113–14, 178; during Dayton peace negotiations, 111, 120–21, 222n1; Holbrooke and, 109, 111; memoirs of, 222n1, 230n133, 231n147; negotiating approach of, 111, 226n59; on US Bosnia policy, 225n32
Chumard, Terry Rees, 53
Chung, Connie, 64, 206n37
cigarettes, 186n30
Citadel, The (Charleston, SC), 174
“civic” journalism, 16–17
CKOI-FM, 4, 178
Claes, Willy, 177
Clark, James H., 32, 34–35, 37
Clark, Marcia, 83–84, 88, 215n48, 216n52
Cleveland (OH), 175
Cleveland Browns, 178
Cleveland Indians, 178
Clinton, Bill: antiterrorism legislation signed by, 75–76, 171; assassination attempt on, 168; Bosnia policy of, 107, 108, 131, 180, 224n25, 232n172; centrist “third way” approach of, 146, 243n131; Communications Decency Act supported by (1995), 31; contempt of court case against, 146–47; Dayton Agreement announced by, 104, 121, 123–24; Dayton peace negotiations and, 176, 232n174; foreign policy criticized, 106–7, 108, 126; gaffes/missteps of, 131, 177, 234nn1–2, 234nn8–9; Gingrich and, 133, 236n27; government shutdown and, 131–32, 179, 181, 236nn31, 34; highway bill signed by, 180; impeachment of, 2, 9, 127, 137, 144, 145, 146, 153, 241–42n114; on increased security precautions, 73; Iranian policy of, 169; Iraqi chemical weapons intelligence and, 166; Lewinsky first meets, 136–37; memoirs of, 238n64, 239n87, 241n105; Mexico offered loan by, 164; Nixon compared to, 245n148; Northern Ireland visit of, 180; O’Grady rescue and, 106, 171, 224nn24–25; Oklahoma City bombing and, 130–31; papal visit with, 176; political survival of, 147–51; post-Dayton foreign policy of, 126–28, 233n185; Powell-mania and, 93; press coverage of, 224n25; Rabin and, 236n27; reelection of (1996), 124, 147–48; “relevance” news conference comment of, 130, 234n1; sexual harassment lawsuit against, 142; Simpson trial verdicts and, 80, 95, 212n9, 216n61, 218n88; terrorist threat and, 161; TV interviews of, 238n64, 242–43n123; US economy under, 149, 245n149; Whitewater scandal, 143, 174, 241n101, 242n119. See also Clinton-Lewinsky sex scandal (1995)
Clinton, Chelsea, 140
Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 140, 141, 154, 155, 175, 176
Clinton-Lewinsky sex scandal (1995), 2, 181; beginning of, 136–37, 179, 237n40, 238nn51–52, 238n57; Clinton grand jury testimony in, 144–45; Clinton impeachment resulting from, 145, 146, 153, 241–42n114; Clinton’s lies under oath about, 142, 145, 240n100; Clinton’s political survival following, 147–51, 244–45n143; contempt of court case resulting from, 146–47; forensic DNA evidence in, 145; improbable setting of, 3; Lewinsky’s Vanity Fair article about, 154–55; origins of, during government shutdown, 135–36, 138 fig. 20, 139, 145–46, 154; political legacy of, 146, 243nn125–26; press coverage of, 143–44, 241nn102–4, 241n111; public opinion of, 144, 241–42n114, 244–45nn143–44, 245n149; revelation of, 142; sexual encounters, 137–41, 238nn60–61, 238–39nn64–66; Watergate scandal contrasted with, 149, 245n145; White House suspicions of, 239–40nn90–91, 240n93
CNN, 5, 64, 65, 71, 76, 223n12, 231n149, 235–36n25
Cochran, Johnnie L., Jr., 83, 87, 102, 164, 214n37, 215–16n51
Cohen, Jeff, 30
Cohen, Richard, 89
Cohen, Roger, 109, 112, 222–23nn5–6, 226n55
Cole, David, 75
Coleman, Nick, 224n25
Collins, Eileen, 165
Columbia Journalism Review, 19
comics, retirement of, 152–53, 163
Committee to Protect Journalists, 115
Communications Decency Act (1995), 30–32, 195n64
Comoros Islands, attempted coup in, 176
CompuServe, 22, 24, 38, 181
computers: hacker arrests, 165; increased use of, 13, 172; predicted developments in, 189n69, 248n36; Windows 95 operating system for, 11–14, 12 fig. 3, 188–89n63; wiretapping of, 177
Connecticut College (New London, CT), 9
Connelly, Marjorie, 245n144
conservative talk radio, 131
“Contract with America,” 130, 168
Copilevitz, Todd, 203n196
Cosell, Howard, 169
counterterrorism, 75
Couric, Katie, 181
Cousens, Elizabeth M., 222n4
Cowlings, Al, 83
Cox, W. Michael, 184n4
Coyne, Jaci Rae, 53
Coyne, Scott, 53
Craigslist, 1, 23, 25
credit card security, 200nn136, 138, 202n174
Criminal Justice Institute (Harvard University), 96
Croatia, 104, 113, 116
Croatian Serbs, 173
Crossing the Threshold of Hope (John Paul II), 85
Crow, Sheryl, 166
crowd-counting controversies, 11, 187–88nn45–46
Crudele, John, 5
Cryer, Lionel, 216n59
CSI (TV series), 99–100
Cuba, papal visit to, 241n102
Cunningham, Ward, 47–48, 50, 167
Currie, Betty, 139, 140
cyber-dating, 24, 192n15
cyberflânerie, 21
cyberporn, 29–32, 172, 181, 194nn56, 61, 195nn62–64
Czolgosz, Leon, 213n15
Daily Oklahoman, 50–51, 53, 56, 59, 64, 76
Dallas Morning News, 203n196
Darden, Christopher, 83–84, 86, 102, 164, 215n48, 215–16nn50–52, 222n133
Darkness at Noon (Koestler), 144
Dateline (TV news program), 177
Davies, Paul, 186n27
Davis, Angela, 186–87nn36–37
Day One (ABC news program), 17
Dayton (OH), 111–12, 227nn68, 70
Dayton Agreement (1995): American Exceptionalism and, 123–27; exhaustion thesis concerning, 126; “hubris bubble” created by, 104, 127–28, 158, 232nn173–76, 233nn181, 183; initialing of, 121, 122 fig. 18, 179; provisions of, 122–23; shortcomings of, 122–23, 230nn136, 143, 232n167; significance of, 103, 123, 126, 128–29, 231n147, 232nn173–76; signing of, 121–22, 179; US announcement of, 104, 121, 123–24; US foreign policy following, 126–28, 153, 232nn175–76; in US public opinion, 123
Dayton peace negotiations (1995), 103–4; agreement reached in, 120–21, 179; announcement of, 176, 177; Bosnian delegation at, 106, 112, 117; Croatian delegation at, 105–6, 112; deadline in, 117; distraction during, 115; European representatives, 112; 51/49 split, 114, 116, 118–20; Framework Agreement in, 114; high-tide/low-tide dynamic of, 116, 118–21, 228n89; hoped-for outcome of, 113, 123; improbable setting of, 3, 111–12, 227n65; issues awaiting resolution at, 114–15; journalistic intrusion during, 115–16, 228–29n99; Milošević’s intervention in, 105, 118, 120–21, 229n115; “napkin diplomacy” during, 116; opening ceremony, 112–14, 178; other sites considered for, 226–27n62; preceding failed initiatives, 114; provisional understanding preceding, 114; radio silence during, 113, 115, 227n79, 228n98; Russian representatives, 112; “Scotch Road” deal in, 116–17; Serbian delegation at, 105, 112; Srebrenica massacre as catalyst for, 157; surreal moment during, 115; US “Big Bang” approach to, 113–14, 227n80; US failure statement draft in, 118–19, 120; US negotiating team, 109–11, 112, 174
D.C. Society of Professional Engineers, 210n89
death penalty, 166
Del Ponte, Carla, 224n17
Democratic National Committee, 149
Democratic Party: Clinton as presidential nominee
of (1996), 124; Clinton gaffes and, 177; Clinton-Lewinsky scandal and, 144; ideological homogeneity of, 146, 243n125; sexual misconduct charges in, 174
democratization, 161, 249n48
Dempsey, James X., 75
Denard, Bob, 176
Denver (CO), 180
Denver Post, 244n142
Dershowitz, Alan M., 83, 102, 156–57, 212–13n12, 218n88, 222n133
Detroit Free Press, 173
Detroit News, 173
Detroit Red Wings, 172
Deutsche Presse-Agentur, 194n61
Diana (Princess of Wales), 179, 181
Digital Equipment Corporation, 181
digital vandalism, 49
Dionne, E.J., 131
Discovery (space shuttle), 4, 165, 184n10
Disney Corporation, 5, 173, 192n22
Djohar, Mohammed, 176
DNA as forensic evidence: in Clinton-Lewinsky grand jury investigation, 145; scientific disputes over (DNA Wars), 97–98, 220nn110–12; in Simpson trial, 1–2, 81, 83, 84, 95, 96–100, 220n112, 220–21n117, 221n120; TV portrayals of, 99–100, 221n121, 221n122
Dobbs, Michael, 223–24n16, 228–29n99
Dole, Bob, 93, 133, 147–48, 170
Donaldson, Sam, 143–44
door desks, 42–43, 200–201n143
Dot.con (Cassidy), 201n164
Dougherty, Dale, 199n121
Dow, David, 83
Dow Jones Industrial Average, 5, 149, 165
Dow 36,000 (Glassman), 189n66
Dreamland Hotel (Junction City, KS), 63
Dreams from My Father (Obama), 173
Drew, S. Nelson, 110–11, 226n54
Drew Carey Show (TV program), 175
Drudge, Matt, 143, 241n104
Drudge Report, 143
Dunne, Dominick, 100, 216n58, 222n127, 247n16
Duran, Francisco Martin, 168
Eagleburger, Lawrence, 229n112
earthquakes, 164
Eastern Slavonia (Croatia), 113, 116
eBay, 1, 23–24, 25, 192n13
Economist, 89, 111, 248n36
Editor & Publisher (trade journal), 15, 189n79
Egypt-Israel peace agreement, 113, 226–27n62
Eich, Brendan, 24, 38
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 243n130
Eisenstadt, Alfred, 174
electronic books, 40
Electronic Frontier Foundation, 30
Elizabeth II (Queen of England), 3–4, 178, 184n7
Elliot’s Body Shop (Junction City, KS), 62–63, 67
Emmy Awards, 175
Endangered Pleasures (Holland), 7–9, 8 fig. 2, 186nn30–31
End of History and the Last Man, The (Fukuyama), 249n48
Engleman, Linda J., 192n15
ER (TV program), 175, 241n103