OSIRIS (oh-seye‘-rus): Rutulian killed by Thymbraeus, 12.538.
OTHRYS (oh‘-thris): (1) father of Panthus, 2.401. (2) Snow-capped peak in Thessaly, home of Centaurs, 7.788.
PACHYNUS (pa-kee‘-nus): headland at the southeastern-most point of Sicily, 3.506.
PACTOLUS (payk-toh‘-lus): river in Lydia, whose waters run with silt and reflect a golden cast, 10.173.
PADUA (pa‘-dyoo-a): ancient Patavium, Antenor’s city in Cisalpine Gaul, 1.295. See Note 1.287-97.
PADUSA (pa-doo‘-sa): one of the mouths of the river Po, 11.549.
PAGASUS (pa‘-ga-sus): ally of Aeneas, killed by Camilla, 11.789.
PALAEMON (pa-lee‘-mon): son of Ino and Athamas, transformed into a sea-god, and so a member of Neptune’s retinue, 5.917.
PALAMEDES (pa-la-mee‘-deez): legendary Greek hero, son of Belus (3); falsely accused of treason by Ulysses—whom he had exposed as a draft-dodger at the outbreak of the Trojan War—and consequently put to death, as narrated by Sinon, 2.102.
PALATINE (pa‘-la-teyen): one of Rome’s seven hills, the site of Augustus’ home in the city, 9.10.
PALICI (pa-leye‘-kee): twin sons of Jupiter, born to him by Thalia, 9.664.
PALINURUS (pa-li-noo‘-rus): Trojan helmsman of Aeneas’ ship; washed overboard, his burial site becomes a cape (Palinuro) on the western coast of Lucania that bears his name, 3.243. See Note 6.384-423 and Introduction, p. 27.
PALLADIUM (pa-lay‘-di-um): a miniature statue of Athena in full armor, with which the destiny of Troy, and then Rome, was closely linked, 9.180. See Note 2.211.
PALLANTEUM (pay-layn‘-tee-um): Evander’s first, Arcadian city, named for Pallas (2), son of Lycaon and forebear of Evander; next, the name of Evander’s Etruscan city built on the Palatine hill, a prefiguration of Rome itself, 8.57.
PALLAS (pa‘-las): (1) an epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, who is equivalent to Minerva in the Roman pantheon, 1.580. (2) A legendary king of Arcadia, grandfather of Evander, 8.54. (3) Son of Evander, comrade of Aeneas, killed by Turnus, who strips the sword-belt from his body, 8.117.
PALMUS (payl‘-mus): comrade of Aeneas, killed by Mezentius, 10.824.
PAN (pan): Lycaean Pan in particular, guardian god of woods and shepherds, half man, half goat, who takes his title from Mount Lycaeus in Arcadia, 8.404.
PANDARUS (pan‘-da-rus): (1) Trojan, son of Lycaon, and a famous archer, 5.548. See Note 5.548-50. (2) Trojan, son of Alcanor (1) by Iaera; brother of Bitias, both brothers killed by Turnus, 9.765.
PANOPEA (pa-no-pee‘-a): a sea-nymph in Father Portunus’ retinue, 5.268.
PANOPES (pa‘-no-peez): Sicilian also-ran who enters the foot-race at Anchises’ funeral games, 5.334. See Note 5.325-402.
PANTAGIAS (payn-ta‘-gi-as): river in eastern Sicily, 3.795.
PANTHUS (payn‘-thus): son of Othrys, priest of Apollo at Troy, 2.401.
PAPHOS (pa‘-fos): city on the island of Cyprus, its temple a favorite haunt of Venus and sacred to the goddess, 1.504.
PARIAN (pa‘-ri-an): 1.709, belonging to PAROS (pa’-ros): island among the Cyclades, renowned for its marble, 3.152.
PARIS (pa‘-ris): Trojan, son of Priam and Hecuba, who abducted Helen from Menelaus in Lacedaemon, and started the Trojan War, 1.34. See Note 7.375-77 and Introduction, p. 17.
PARTHENIUS (payr-then‘-i-us): Trojan killed by Rapo, 10.883.
PARTHENOPAEUS (payr-then-o-pee‘-us): son of Meleager and Atalanta, ruler of Argos, one of the Seven against Thebes, whose ghost Aeneas meets in the Underworld, 6.557. See Note 6.557-58.
PARTHIANS (par‘-thi-anz): a people living southwest of the Caspian Sea in a part of modern Iraq; renowned for their feats in archery, 7.704. See Introduction, pp. 1, 30.
PASIPHAË (pa-si‘-fa-ee): wife of Minos, the king of Crete, 6.30. See MINOTAUR.
PATRON (pay‘-tron): Arcadian comrade of Aeneas, who enters the foot-race at Anchises’ funeral games, 5.332. See Note 5.325-402.
PAULLUS (paw‘-lus): Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Roman military leader, victor over Perseus of Macedon, 6.964. See Introduction, p. 30.
PELASGIANS (pe-laz‘-ji-anz): early inhabitants of Greece who are considered by Virgil to be pre-Etruscan settlers of the area north of Rome, 8.708.
PELIAS (pe‘-li-as): Trojan, comrade of Aeneas in Troy’s last hours, 2.542.
PELOPS (pee‘-lops): ancient king of Argos, son of Tantalus, father of Atreus, grandfather of Agamemnon and Menelaus, 2.250.
PELORUS (pe-loh‘-rus): headland of northeastern Sicily, fronting the Straits of Messina that separate the island from the mainland, 3.486.
PENELEUS (pee-ne‘-le-us): Greek who kills Coroebus at the fall of Troy, 2.530.
PENTHESILEA (pen-the-si-lee‘-a): queen of the Amazons, killed by Achilles at Troy, 1.592.
PENTHEUS (pen‘-thyoos): king of Thebes who, for spurning the rites of Dionysus, is maddened by the god and dismembered by his mother, Agave, with her troop of raving Bacchantes. In Virgil’s context, the king’s double vision is produced, one may suppose, by his manic state of mind, 4.588.
PERGAMUM (per‘-ga-mum): (1) 3.161, the name Aeneas gives the city he founds in Crete, after (2) Pergamum (or Pergama), the citadel of Troy as well as a collective name for the city itself, 6.78.
PERIDIA (pe-ri-deye‘-a): mother of Onites, a Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 12.602.
PERIPHAS (pe‘-ri-fas): Greek, comrade of Pyrrhus in Troy’s last hours, 2.593.
PERSEUS (per‘-syoos): Macedonian king who claimed descent from Achilles and his line, 6.965. See PAULLUS, and Introduction, p. 30.
PETELIA (pe-tee‘-li-a): small, inland town in the toe of Italy, built by Philoctetes, according to legend, when he fled his home in Thessaly, 3.475.
PHAEACIA (fee-ay‘-sha): (Corcyra, modern Corfu), an island kingdom in the Ionian Sea, ruled by Alcinous and Arete; its inhabitants, the Phaeacians, renowned for the hospitality they offered Ulysses and other travelers, 3.347.
PHAEDRA (fee‘-dra): daughter of Minos, wife of Theseus, seductress of his son, Hippolytus, and a suicide whose ghost Aeneas sees among the lovelorn ladies in the Underworld, 6.516. See Note 7.884-908.
PHAËTHON (fay‘-e-thon): (1) equivalent to Helios, god of the sun, 5.125. (2) More particularly, the son of Helios by Clymene; lover of Cycnus, killed by Jupiter’s thunderbolt as he attempted to guide his father’s chariot, 10.230. See CYCNUS.
PHARUS (fa‘-rus): Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 10.380.
PHEGEUS (fee‘-gyoos): (1) Trojan, aide-de-camp of Aeneas, 5.294. (2) Trojan killed by Turnus, perhaps identical with (1), 9.863. (3) Trojan beheaded by Turnus, 12.440.
PHENEUS (fe‘-ne-us): town in Arcadia displayed to Anchises by the young Evander, 8.189.
PHERES (fee‘-reez): Trojan killed by Halaesus, 10.489.
PHILOCTETES (fi-lok-tee‘-teez): son of Poias, the great archer of the Trojan War, original commander of the Thessalians from Methone, marooned on Lemnos suffering from an infected snake bite, 3.475. See MELIBOEAN and PETELIA.
PHINEUS (fee‘-nyoos): son of Agenor and king of Thrace, blinded by the gods for having blinded his own sons, and harried by the Harpies sent by Jupiter; they either snatched his food away from him or contaminated what was left, 3.258. See Note ad loc.
PHLEGYAS (fle‘-gi-as): father of Ixion, tormented for having torched Apollo’s temple at Delphi, and one of the most agonized figures in the Underworld, doomed to warn mankind to submit to the will of the gods, 6.715.
PHOEBUS (fee‘-bus): title of Apollo, derived from a Greek word meaning “luminous,” “brilliant,” with a sense of purity implied as well, 3.120.
PHOENICIAN (fee-ni‘-shan): of Phoenicia, a narrow coastal strip of land between Syria and the Mediterranean, known for its navigators, traders, and artisans, and the cities of Sidon and Tyre; the original homeland of Dido, 1.413. See Introduction, p. 25.
PHOENIX (fee‘-niks): son of Amyntor, aged tutor and comrade of Achilles, 2.946.
PHOLOË (foh‘-lo-ee): Cretan slave girl
, Sergestus’ prize for entering the ship-race at Anchises’ funeral games, 5.316.
PHOLUS (foh‘-lus): (1) a Centaur killed by Hercules, 8.347. (2) Trojan killed by Turnus, 12.407.
PHORBAS (fohr‘-bas): Trojan shipmate of Palinurus, impersonated by the god of sleep to tempt Aeneas’ helmsman to his doom, 5.936.
PHORCUS (fohr‘-kus): (1) an old god of the sea, leader of the Nereids, 5.268. (2) Latin, father of Cydon and his brothers, seven warriors hurling as many spears against Aeneas, 10.389.
PHRYGIAN (fri‘-jan): 1.461, of the PHRYGIANS (fri’-janz), Trojan allies, inhabitants of Phrygia, a land mass in Asia Minor including Troy and stretching eastward from the city into Anatolia, 9.158. In Latin poetry, Phrygian often stands derogatorily for oriental, and thence effeminate.
PICUS (pee‘-kus): son of Saturn, father of Faunus, transformed into a wood-pecker (picus in Latin) by Circe who, stung by his rebuff of her advances, covered his wings with color, 7.53.
PILLARS OF PROTEUS: 11.317; see PROTEUS.
PILUMNUS (pee-loom‘-nus): son of Daunus, forebear of Turnus, a patron deity of house and household, 9.4.
PINARIAN (pee-nay‘-ri-an): of a Roman family, the Pinarii, that, together with the family of the Potitii, founded the rites for Hercules and performed them in antiquity, 8.313.
PIRITHOUS (pee-ri‘-tho-us): son of Zeus, king of the Lapiths, who, with his comrade Theseus, attempted to abduct Persephone, the Queen of the Underworld, from the bridal bed of Death; in punishment Pirithous was clapped in chains for all time, 6.451.
PISA (pee‘-za): city in Etruria, supposedly established by colonists from Pisa in Elis in the northwestern Peloponnese, 10.216.
PLEMYRIUM (plee-mi‘-ri-um): Sicilian headland to the south of the Bay of Syracuse, 3.800.
PLUTO (ploo‘-toh): king of the Underworld, 7.383.
PO: river in northern Italy, Latin Padus, 9.774.
PODALIRIUS (po-da-leye‘-ri-us): Trojan killed by Alsus, 12.365.
POLITES (po-leye‘-teez): Trojan, son of Priam, killed by Pyrrhus, 2.652.
POLLUX (po‘-luks): brother of Helen and twin of Castor, sons of Leda. The extraordinary privilege granted them—that they should come back to life on alternate days—was attributed to the fact that one (Pollux) was the son of immortal Jupiter and the other (Castor) of Tyndareus, Leda’s human husband, 6.142.
POLYBOETES (po-li-bee‘-teez): Trojan priest whose ghost Aeneas encounters among the war heroes in the Underworld, 6.562.
POLYDORUS (po-li-doh‘-rus): Trojan, son of Priam, who placed him under the guardianship of king Polymestor of Thrace; when Priam’s fortunes failed, Polymestor took Polydorus’ treasure together with his life, 3.53.
POLYPHEMUS (po-li-fee‘-mus): Cyclops, son of Neptune, blinded by Ulysses and his crew in revenge for the monster’s devouring of their shipmates, 3.742.
POMETIA (po-mee‘-ti-a) or Pometii: town of the Volscians, southeast of Rome near the Pomptine Marshes, 6.895.
POMPEY (pom‘-pee) the Great: renowned Roman leader, Gnaeus Pompeius Mag nus, 6.956. See Introduction, pp. 1, 30.
POPULONIA (po-pu-loh‘-ni-a): coastal city of Etruria, source of Turnus’ allies led by Abas (3), 10.208.
PORSENNA (por-seen‘-a): king of Etruria, 8.758. See Introduction, p. 34.
PORTUNUS (pohr-too‘-nus): god of harbors, who impels the Scylla, the victor in the ship-race at Anchises’ funeral games, 5.269.
POTITIUS (po-tee‘-ti-us): founder of the Potitian clan that, together with the Pinarian, established the rites of Hercules in Evander’s kingdom, and so eventually in Rome as well, 8.312.
PRAENESTE (pree-nees‘-tee): renowned city in Latium, now Palestrina, in the foothills of the Apennines east of Rome, 7.790.
PRIAM (preye‘-am): (1) king of Troy, son of Laomedon of the line of Dardanus, father of Hector, Paris, and many others, 1.553. (2) Grandson of Priam (1), and son of Polites, 5.621.
PRIVERNUM (pree-veer‘-num): Latian city southeast of Rome and inhabited by Volscians; the place where Camilla was born, 11.641.
PRIVERNUS (pree-veer‘-nus): Rutulian killed by Capys (1), 9.656.
PROCAS (pro‘-kas): Alban king, whose prefiguration is presented by Anchises to Aeneas in the Underworld, 6.887.
PROCHYTA (pro‘-ki-ta): small, seismic island off the coast of Campania, southwest of Cape Misenum, at the northern tip of the Bay of Naples, 9.810.
PROCRIS (proh‘-krees): daughter of Erectheus, wife of Cephalus, who inadvertently killed her while hunting, 6.516.
PROMOLUS (pro‘-mo-lus): Trojan killed by Turnus, 9.654.
PROSERPINA (pro-ser‘-pi-na): (Persephone), daughter of Ceres and wife of Pluto, who abducted her from earth to the Underworld where she rules among the dead, 4.868. See Note ad loc.
PROTEUS (proh‘-tyoos): the Old Man of the Sea, servant of Neptune, and a prophet known for changing himself into any shape he chooses, 11.317. The Pillars of Proteus (ibid.), presumably the island of Pharus, off Alexandria in the Nile Delta—where Menelaus was marooned when homeward bound from Troy—gain their name by analogy with the Pillars of Hercules at the western end of the Mediterranean Sea.
PRYTANIS (pri‘-ta-nis): Trojan killed by Turnus, 9.865.
PUNIC (pyoo‘-nik): equivalent of Carthaginian, 1.411. For the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, see Introduction, pp. 25-27.
PYGMALION (pig-may‘-li-on): brother of Dido, who murdered her husband, Sychaeus, and effectively drove her into exile from Tyre, 1.421.
PYRGI (peer‘-gee): Etrurian coastal town, its contingent allied with Aeneas, 10.222.
PYRRHUS (peer‘-us): son of Achilles, also known as Neoptolemus, and the killer of Priam, 2.585. See Introduction, p. 15.
QUERCENS (kweer‘-kens): one of many Rutulians who storm the Trojans’ fort by the Tiber, 9.778.
QUIRINUS (kwi-ree‘-nus): “Father Quirinus,” the name given the deified Romulus, 6.991.
QUIRITES (kwi-ree‘-teez): the citizenry of Rome, 7.827. The Romans themselves considered the name to derive from the Sabine town of Cures, north of Rome, off the Via Salaria.
RAPO (ra‘-po): Rutulian who kills the Trojan Parthenius and Orses, 10.883.
REMULUS (rem‘-yoo-lus): (1) native of Tibur, guest of Caedicus (1), who presents him with lavish gifts, 9.419. (2) Family name of Numanus, Rutulian killed by Ascanius, his first kill in battle, 9.674. (3) Rutulian killed by Orsilochus, 11.753.
REMUS (ree‘-mus): (1) brother of Romulus, whom he killed for leaping over the walls of Rome in a gesture of rivalry, 1.350. See Introduction, p. 21. (2) Rutulian whose armor-bearer is killed by Nisus, 9.386.
RHADAMANTHUS (ra-da-man‘-thus): son of Jupiter and Europa, brother of Minos, and the lawgiver who, after dispensing justice in Crete, presides, sternly, in the Underworld, 6.658.
RHAEBUS (ree‘-bus): Mezentius’ charger, “Bandy-Legs” in Greek, 10.1021. See Note 5.920.
RHAMNES (rahm‘-neez): Rutulian and prophet, in the service of Turnus, killed by Nisus, 9.380.
RHEA (ree‘-a): priestess and mother by Hercules of Aventinus, who bore the boy in secret, 7.767.
RHINE: the Rhine, European river rising in the Swiss Alps and flowing into the North Sea, 8.852.
RHESUS (ree‘-sus): Thracian king whose horses were seized by Diomedes and Ulysses, 1.568. See Note 1.561-95.
RHIPEUS (reye‘-pyoos): Trojan, comrade-in-arms of Aeneas at the fall of Troy, 2.427.
RHOETEUM (ree‘-tee-um): headland of the Troad, just north of Troy, 3.130.
RHOETEUS (ree‘-tyoos): according to Servius, king of the Marsi, father of Anchemolus, and killed by Pallas (3), 10.459.
RHOETUS (ree‘-tus): Rutulian killed by Euryalus, 9.400.
RIVER OF FIRE: Phlegethon, “whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage,” in Milton’s phrase; one of the major rivers in the Underworld, 6.304. See Note 3.262.
ROMAN FORUM: the Forum Romanum, the main square of Rome and its civic center. Evidence of its use goes back at least to the 8th century B.C., 8.424.
/> ROME: 1.8, capital city of the ROMAN Empire, its people and their effects, 1.41. See Introduction, passim.
ROMULUS (rom‘-yu-lus): legendary founder of Rome, son of Mars and Ilia, Remus’s twin brother, after whom the ROMANS were named, 1.329. See Introduction, p. 29 et al.
ROSEAN (roh‘-see-an): of the central Italian fields by Lake Velinus known for their fertility, a region whose contingent is allied with Turnus, 7.829.
RUFRAE (roo‘-free): town in northern Campania, its contingent allied with Turnus, 7.859.
RUMOR: Allegorical representation of public talk and the common tongue, Latin Fama, 4.219.
The Aeneid Page 56