LUCETIUS (loo-se‘-ti-us): Latin killed by Ilioneus, 9.649.
LUPERCAL (loo‘-per-kal): a grotto on the Palatine hill, where Romulus and Remus were alleged to have been suckled by a wolf, and a site held sacred for its powers of fertility, 8.403.
LUPERCI (loo-per‘-kee): priests of Lupercus or Lycaean Pan, 8.777.
LYCAEUS (li-kee‘-us): mountain in western Arcadia, sacred haunt of Pan, 8.404.
LYCAON (li-kay‘-un): (1) Cretan metal-worker, 9.353. (2) Father of the Trojan warrior Erichaetes, 10.884.
LYCIAN (li‘-shan): 1.134, of LYCIA (li’-sha), a region in southern Asia Minor allied to Troy, the kingdom of Sarpedon and Glaucus, and a winter haunt of Apollo, where he offered oracles to his devotees, 4.179. See Note ad loc.
LYCTOS (leek‘-tos): city in Crete, its contingent led to Troy by Idomeneus, 3.473.
LYCURGUS (li-kur‘-gus): son of Dryas, king of Thrace, he attacked Dionysus and was blinded by Jupiter in turn, 3.18.
LYCUS (li‘-kus): Trojan, for a moment considered lost in the epic’s initial storm, 1.262. (Since all the others named at 1.261-63, except Orontes, survive, it is a reasonable assumption that the Lycus of Books 1 and 9.623 are one and the same.)
LYDIAN (li‘-di-an): 2.969, from Lydia in Asia Minor, an area settled by Lydians, supposedly the ancestors of the Etruscans, and so, along with Tuscans and Etrurians, an alternative name for the Etruscan people, 8.565. See Introduction, p. 35.
LYNCEUS (leen‘-syoos): Trojan killed by Turnus, 9.866.
LYRNESUS (leer-ne‘-sus): a city in the Troad below Trojan Mount Ida, 10.157.
MACHAON (ma-kay‘-on): Greek healer, son of Asculapius, co-commander of the Thessalians at Troy, and one of the raiding party hidden inside the Trojan horse, 2.334.
MAENADS (mee‘-nadz): literally “madwomen.” They are the female devotees of the god Bacchus, who range the hills in ecstasy, carrying the thyrsus (the “sacred stave”), a staff wreathed with ivy and topped by a pine cone, 3.151.
MAEON (mee‘-on): Rutulian, comrade of Turnus, killed by Aeneas, 10.396.
MAEONIA (mee-oh‘-ni-a): equivalent to Lydia in Asia Minor, and to Etruria in Italy too, since the region was the supposed source of the Maeonidae, the Etruscans, 9.625.
MAEOTIC (mee-o‘-tik): of Lake Maeotis, an area settled by Scythian warriors, which formed the northeastern boundary of the Roman Empire; today the Sea of Azov, 6.921.
MAGUS (ma‘-gus): Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 10.617.
MAIA (meye‘-a): daughter of Atlas, mother by Jupiter of Mercury, constellated among the seven Pleiades, 1.356.
MALEA (ma‘-le-a): stormy southeastern cape of the Peloponnese, a perilous reach for sailors, 5.217.
MANLIUS (man‘-li-us): Marcus Manlius Capitolinus, Roman who saved the Capitol from being overpowered by the Gauls, 8.765. See Introduction, p. 34.
MANTO (man‘-to): daughter of Tiresias, prophetess married to the Tiber; together they bore a comrade of Aeneas, Ocnus, who called his place of origin Mantua, after his mother’s name, 10.241.
MANTUA (man‘-tu-a): city in the Po River valley and capital of the Etruscan alliance, 10.242. See Note ad loc and Introduction, pp. 2, 3, 11, 36.
MARCELLUS (mar-sel‘-us): (1) Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Roman general, 6.986. See Introduction, pp. 31-32. (2) Augustus’ nephew and adopted son who died in 23 B.C., 6.1018. See FIELD OF MARS and Introduction, pp. 3, 31-32.
MARICA (ma-ree‘-ka): Latian water-nymph, mother by Faunus of King Latinus, 7.52.
MARS (marz): (Ares), Roman god of war, son of Jove and Juno, and father of Romulus and Remus, 1.328.
MARSIAN (mar‘-si-an): of the Marsi or Marsians, a Sabellian tribe opposed to Aeneas, who lived in the vicinity of Lake Fucinus, 7.872.
MASSIC (ma‘-sik): of the vine-rich mountain slope on the borders of Latium and Campania, source of a contingent allied with Turnus, 7.844.
MASSICUS (ma‘-si-kus): leader of an Etruscan contingent in support of Aeneas, and captain of the Tiger, 10.202.
MASSYLIAN (ma-si‘-li-an): of a North African tribe, the Massylians, to the west of Carthage, 6.73.
MAXIMUS (mak‘-si-mus): Quintus Fabius Maximus, general who saved the Republic after the disastrous defeat of the Roman army by Hannibal at Cannae in 216 B.C., 6.974. See Introduction, p. 31.
MEDON (mee‘-don): Trojan, one of Antenor’s three sons whom Aeneas sees among the war heroes in the Underworld, 6.561.
MEGAERA (me-gee‘-ra): one of the Furies, sister of Allecto and Tisiphone, 12.982. See Note 12.980-88.
MEGARA (me‘-ga-ra): town on the Eastern coast of Sicily, named for the Greek city between Corinth and Athens on the Saronic Gulf, 3.796.
MELAMPUS (me-laym‘-pus): Latin, comrade of Hercules, father of Cisseus (2) and Gyas (2), two brothers killed by Aeneas, 10.378.
MELIBOEAN (me-li-bee‘-an): of Meliboea, a city in Thessaly, in the kingdom of Philoctetes, 3.476.
MELITE (me‘-li-tee): sea-nymph in Neptune’s retinue, 5.919.
MEMMIAN (me‘-mi-an): of a Roman clan called the Memmii. Virgil draws a connection between the Greek and Latin verbs memnêsthai and meminisse—“to remember”—so as to connect Mnestheus and the name Memmius, 5.138.
MEMNON (mem‘-non): king of the Ethiopians, son of Tithonus and Dawn; his armor forged by Vulcan, he fought for the Trojans at Troy and was killed by Achilles, 1.591.
MENELAUS (me-ne-lay‘-us): son of Atreus, king of Lacedaemon, brother of Agamemnon, rightful husband of Helen, 2.334. See PROTEUS and Note 11.315-36.
MENESTHEUS (me-nees‘-thyoos): Trojan, grandson of Laomedon, son of Clytius (2), brother of Acmon, 10.158.
MENOETES (me-nee‘-teez): (1) Trojan, helmsman of Gyas who captains the Chimaera to finish third in the ship-race at Anchises’ funeral games, 5.184. See Note 5.134-318. (2) Arcadian soldier and gifted angler killed by Turnus, 12.604.
MERCURY: (Hermes), messenger of the gods, son of Jupiter and Maia, giant-killer, and guide of dead souls to the Underworld, 1.360.
MEROPS (me‘-rops): Trojan killed by Turnus, 9.797.
MESSAPUS (mee-say‘-pus): son of Neptune, comrade of Turnus, commander of a contingent from southern Etruria, 7.804.
METABUS (me‘-ta-bus): Volscian commander, father of Camilla, 11.639.
METISCUS (me-tees‘-kus): Rutulian, Turnus’ charioteer impersonated by Juturna once she has put the driver out of action, 12.550.
METTUS (mee‘-tus): Mettus Fufetius, leader of Alba Longa, 8.756. See Introduction, p. 34.
MEZENTIUS (me-zen‘-ti-us): Etruscan king, father of Lausus, 7.754. See Introduction, pp. 20-22.
MIMAS (mi‘-mas): Trojan comrade of Aeneas, killed by Mezentius, 10.830.
MINCIUS (meen‘-si-us): river of Cisalpine Gaul, now known as the Mincio, “fathered” by Lake Benacus (Lago di Garda) and source of a contingent supporting Aeneas, 10.248.
MINERVA (mi-ner‘-va): (Athena), goddess, daughter of Jupiter, defender of the Greeks. A patron of human ingenuity and resourcefulness, whether exemplified by handicrafts, such as spinning and weaving, or by skill in human relations, or in battle. She joins Neptune and Venus to represent Roman divinity at the battle of Actium, 1.49. Minerva’s “temple on the heights” (3.620) refers to Castrum Minervae, a site at the heel of Italy sacred to the goddess, where Aeneas, taking the shortest route by sea from Greece, makes his first Italian landfall. See CERAUNIA.
MINIO (mi‘-ni-oh): river in Etruria, whose people are Trojan allies, 10.222.
MINOS (meye‘-nos): son of Jupiter and Europa, king of Crete, father of Deucalion, a formidable judge in the Underworld, 6.17.
MINOTAUR (min‘-o-tawr): half man, half bull, issue of Pasiphaë, wife of Minos, and a bull; and killed by Theseus, 6.31. See LABYRINTH.
MISENUS (meye-see‘-nus): Trojan, son of Aeolus (2), trumpeter and herald of Aeneas, who, having challenged the gods, was punished by them, 3.288. Misenum, the cape that forms the northern headland of the Bay of Naples, was named after the herald in compensation for his death (see
6.270-73).
MNESTHEUS (mnees‘-thyoos): Trojan, one of Aeneas’ captains, who pilots the Dragon to second place in the ship-race and finishes third in the archery contest at Anchises’ funeral games, 4.356. See Note 5.134-318, Note 5.539-98, and MEMMIAN.
MONACO (mo‘-na-koh): (Latin Monoecus), headland of Liguria, sacred to Hercules, whose temple was erected there, 6.956.
MOON: the moon personified, one of the aspects of Diana, the tri-form goddess, 1.891. See 10.260-63, DIANA, HECATE.
MORINI (mo-ri‘-nee): a people of northern Gaul, conquered by Caesar Augustus, 8.851.
MUMMIUS (moo‘-mi-us): Lucius Mummius, the conqueror of Corinth in 146 B.C., 6.961; see CORINTH, and Introduction, p. 30.
MURRANUS (moo-ray‘-nus): Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 12.618.
MUSAEUS (moo-see‘-us): according to legend, a Greek singer reputed to have come from Thrace and been instructed by Orpheus, 6.772.
MUSE: goddess, daughter of Jupiter, one of a group of nine, who preside over literature and the arts and are the sources of memory and artistic inspiration, 1.9.
MUTUSCA (mu-toos‘-ka): Sabine town, its contingent allied with Turnus, 7.828.
MYCENAE (meye-see‘-nee): city in the Argolid, Agamemnon’s capital, just north of the city of Argos in the Peloponnese, 1.340. MYCENAEAN (meye-se-nee’-an), belonging to the city, 11.322. For “the Mycenaean commander” (ibid.), see AGAMEMNON.
MYCONOS (mee‘-ko-nos): island in the Cyclades, to which Apollo chained the island of Delos, his birthplace, to keep it stationary, 3.92.
MYGDON (mig‘-don): father of Coroebus; an ally of Aeneas, affianced to Cassandra, killed by Peneleus, 2.430.
MYRMIDON (mur‘-mi-don): a resident of Phthia, in southern Thessaly; one of the savage fighters ruled by King Peleus and commanded at Troy by his son, Achilles, 2.8.
NAR (nar): Sabine river, a sulphurous stream that flows from the foothills of the Apennines into the Tiber, 7.602.
NARYCIAN (na-ri‘-shan): of Naryx, see LOCRI, 3.472.
NAUTES (naw‘-teez): Trojan, elder seer and counselor of Aeneas, 5.778.
NAXOS (nak‘-sos): Aegean island in the Cyclades, south of Delos, a favorite haunt of the Maenads, 3.150.
NEALCES (ne-ayl‘-seez): Trojan who kills Salius (2), 10.889.
NEMEAN (ne-mee‘-an): of Nemea, a sector of the Argolid and home of an enormous lion; killing it was the first of Hercules’ Twelve Labors imposed on him by King Eurystheus, 8.348.
NEOPTOLEMUS (ne-ohp-to‘-le-mus): “New Soldier” in Greek, son of Achilles, who came to Troy after his father’s death and, together with Philoctetes, led the fight against the Trojans; also known as Pyrrhus, married to Hermione, the daughter of Helen and Menelaus, 2.333. For the brevity of Neoptolemus’ life, see Note 3.389-400.
NEPTUNE (nep‘-tyoon): (Poseidon), Roman god of the sea, son of Cronus and Rhea, younger brother of Jupiter, father of Polyphemus the Cyclops; partisan of Aeneas, 1.145. See Note 5.894-903.
NEREUS (nee‘-ryoos): sea-god, father of Thetis, the mother of Achilles, and of all the Nereids, 2.521.
NEREIDS (nee‘-re-idz): sea-nymphs, daughters by Doris of Nereus, who form the sea-lord’s retinue, 3.89. See Note 5.920.
NERITOS (nee‘-ri-tos): Ionian island close to Ithaca, which Virgil may conflate with Mount Neriton, which dominates Ithaca itself, 3.324.
NERSAE (neer‘-see): city of the Aequi, east of Rome, who are Latian allies of Turnus, 7.865.
NIGHT: personified, mother of the Furies, sister of Earth, she drives her chariot through the sky, a goddess who wields power over gods and men, and even Jupiter responds to her with fear, 3.600.
NILE: the famous river of Egypt, known for its delta with seven mouths that empty into the Mediterranean, pictured by Virgil as receiving back Antony and Cleopatra after their defeat by Octavian (Augustus) at the battle of Actium, 6.922.
NIPHAEUS (ni-fee‘-us): Rutulian spilled from his horses by Aeneas, 10.677.
NISUS (neye‘-sus): Trojan, comrade of Euryalus, competitor in the foot-race who places fifth, later killed by Volscians, when he tries to save his younger friend during their exploit in behalf of Aeneas, 5.328. See Note 5.325-402.
NOËMON (no-ee‘-mon): Trojan killed by Turnus, 9.865.
NOMENTUM (noh-men‘-tum): Sabine town northeast of Rome, 6.893.
NUMA (noo‘-ma): (1) Numa Pompilius, legendary king of Rome, 6.935; see Introduction, p. 29. (2) Rutulian, one among many, killed in the melee led by Nisus and Euryalus, 9.520. (3) Rutulian comrade of Turnus, routed by Aeneas, 10.668.
NUMANUS (noo-may‘-nus): Rutulian, also called Remulus (2), married to Turnus’ younger sister and a braggart killed by Ascanius, 9.674.
NUMICUS (noo-mee‘-kus): small stream in Latium near the Tiber, where Aeneas was said to have died, 7.171.
NUMIDIANS (noo-mi‘-di-anz): nomadic North African tribe of daring bareback riders, 4.53.
NUMITOR (nu‘-mi-tor): (1) king of Alba Longa, grandfather of Romulus, 6.888. (2) Rutulian, comrade of Turnus who fails in his attempt on Aeneas’ life, 10.401.
NURSIA (noor‘-si-a): mountain town inhabitated by Sabines, near Umbria in the Apennines, 7.833.
NYMPHS: Semi-divine female beings who inspirit many features of the natural world, woodlands and mountain slopes, waters, springs and streams, 1.198.
NYSA (nee‘-sa): mountain and city in India, legendary birthplace of Bacchus, center of his cult where the Bacchic rites were allegedly begun, and one of the god’s favorite haunts, 6.929.
OCEAN: the great river that surrounds the world and the god who rules its waters, 1.343.
OCNUS (ohk‘-nus): founding father of Mantua, son of Manto the seer and the Tuscan river Tiber, leader of a contingent allied with Aeneas, 10.240.
OEBALUS (ee‘-ba-lus): son of Telon, the king of Capreae, and the water-nymph Sebethis; he extended his father’s holdings to the mainland; leader of a contingent allied with Turnus, 7.853.
OECHALIA (ee-ka‘-li-a): town on the island of Euboea, razed by Hercules when its king, Eurytus, denied the hero his daughter’s hand in marriage, 8.342.
OENOTRIANS (ee-noh‘-tri-anz): 1.641, people of OENOTRIA (ee-noh’-tri-a), region of southern Italy, 7.94.
OILEUS (oh-eye‘-lyoos): Locrian king, father of Little Ajax, 1.51.
OLEAROS (oh-le‘-a-ros): island among the Cyclades, named for its profusion of olives, 3.152.
OLYMPUS (o-lim‘-pus): mountain in northeastern Thessaly, home of the gods, and a general term for the sky and the heavens above it, 1.453.
ONITES (o-neye‘-teez): Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 12.601.
OPHELTES (o-feel‘-teez): Trojan, father of Euryalus, who taught his son the skills of soldiery at Troy, 9.238.
OPIS (oh‘-pis): nymph who serves as an aide of Diana and messenger of the goddess, 11.632.
ORESTES (o-res‘-teez): grandson of Atreus, son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, he avenged his father’s murder by murdering his mother and her lover, Aegisthus, and was driven mad by her Furies, 3.394. See ANDROMACHE and HELENUS.
ORICIAN (o-ri‘-shan): of Oricia, a town in Epirus known for its black terebinth wood, 10.166.
ORION (o-reye‘-on): mythical hunter loved by the Dawn and murdered by Diana; and the constellation called the Hunter in his name, 1.644.
ORITHYIA (oh-ree-theei‘-a): daughter of Erectheus, ancient king of Athens, and wife of the North Wind, Boreas. Her gifts are horses, 12.105.
ORNYTUS (ohr‘-ni-tus): Etruscan killed by Camilla, 11.798.
ORODES (o-roh‘-deez): Trojan killed by Mezentius, 10.864.
ORONTES (o-rohn‘-teez): Trojan allied to Aeneas, leader of the Lycian contingent, who meets his death in a storm at sea, 1.134.
ORPHEUS (orf‘-yoos): legendary bard who could sing the world into order and even attempt to lead his beloved Eurydice up from the Underworld, 6.140. See Introduction, pp. 9-10.
ORSES (ohr‘-seez): Trojan killed by Rapo, 10.883.
ORSILOCHUS (ohr-si‘-lo-kus): Trojan killed by Camilla, 11.752.
ORTA (ohr‘-ta): Etrurian town near the juncture of the Tiber and the Nar, source of a contingent allied to Turnus, 7.833.
ORTYGIA (ohr-ti‘-ji-a): (1) legendary “Quail Island” where Diana killed Orion, amd usually identified with Delos, 3.149. (2) Island in the harbor of Syracuse on Sicily, 3.801.
ORTYGIUS (ohr-ti‘-ji-us): Rutulian killed by Caeneus (2), 9.653.
OSCANS (os‘-kanz): tribe of Campania, allied with Turnus, 7.848.
OSINIUS (o-seye‘-ni-us): king of Clusium, his Etrurian contingent allied with Aeneas, 10.776.
The Aeneid Page 55