The Aeneid

by Robert Fagles; Bernard Knox Virgil

  RUTULIAN (ru-tul‘-yan): of a leading tribe within Latium; its capital city, Ardea; its commander-in-chief, Turnus, 7.477.

  SABAEANS (sa-bee‘-anz): people of an Arabian region, Saba or Sheba, allied with the forces of Cleopatra and Mark Antony at the battle of Actium, 8.827.

  SABINUS (sa-bee‘-nus): 7.204, portrayed as a vintner with his hooked knife, the founder of the SABINE (say’-beyn) people of ancient central Italy, 7.823. For the abduction of their women from the Roman Circus by Romulus’ men, see 8.748-49, and Introduction, p. 34.

  SACES (sa‘-keez): Rutulian comrade of Turnus, 12.754.

  SACRANIANS (sa-kray‘-ni-anz): a people of ancient Latium, their contingent allied with Turnus, 7.923.

  SACRATOR (sa-kray‘-tor): Rutulian comrade of Turnus, killer of Hydaspes, 10.882.

  SAGARIS (sa‘-gar-is): Trojan, aide-de-camp of Aeneas, killed by Turnus, 5.294.

  SALAMIS (sa‘-la-mis): island off the coast of Athens in the Saronic Gulf, the home of Telamon and his son, Great Ajax, 8.180.

  SALII (sa‘-li-ee): dancing priests of Mars, whom Virgil has taking part in the rites of Hercules as well, 8.334.

  SALIUS (sa‘-li-us): (1) Acarnanian, who enters the foot-race at Anchises’ funeral games and places fourth, 5.332. See Note 5.325-402. (2) Rutulian killed by Nealces, 10.889.

  SALLENTINE (say-leen‘-teyen): of the Sallentini, an Italian people of Calabria, taken over by Idomeneus on his return from Troy, 3.474.

  SALMONEUS (sal-mohn‘-yoos): son of Aeolus (1), a king of Elis, struck by a bolt from Jove for simulating the Father’s lightning with torches, Jove’s thunder with his horses’ stamping hooves, and so the man was confined in hell forever, 6.678. See Introduction, p. 28.

  SAME (sam‘-ee): island in the Ionian Sea, off the western coast of Greece (modern Cephalonia), near Ithaca in the kingdom of Ulysses, 3.324.

  SAMOS (sam‘-os): island off the central coast of Asia Minor, opposite Ephesus and famous for its temple to Juno, 1.18.

  SAMOTHRACE (sam‘-o-thrays): (Samothracia), island off the coast of Thrace, once called Samos, according to Virgil, and later, Samothrace, 7.238-39.

  SARNUS (sayr‘-nus): river in Campania, just east of Pompeii, its locale the source of a contingent allied with Turnus, 7.859.

  SARPEDON (sahr-pee‘-don): Trojan ally, son of Jupiter and Laodamia, co-commander of the Lycians, killed by Patroclus at Troy, 1.119.

  SARRASTIAN (say-rays‘-ti-an): of the Sarastes, a people in Campania, living in the vicinity of the river Sarnus between Naples and Salerno; their contingent allied with Turnus, 7.858.

  SATICULANS (sa-tee‘-kew-lanz): inhabitants of Saticula, a town in Campania, east of Capua, north of Mount Vesuvius; their contingent allied with Turnus, 7.848.

  SATURA (sa‘-too-ra): marshy area in Latium, location unknown, its inhabitants allies of Turnus, 7.930.

  SATURN (sa‘-turn): (Cronos), the Sower, legendary, apotheosized king of Latium, god of agriculture and of civilization in general, who established and presided over the Age of Gold, 1.37. SATURNIAN (sa-tur’-ni-an), belonging to Saturn, 3.451.

  SATURNIA (sa-tur‘-ni-a): (1) legendary settlement founded by Saturn on the Capitoline Hill, 8.421. (2) One of Juno’s titles, since Saturn was her father, 12.212.

  SCAEAN GATES (see‘-an): the main gates of Troy, facing the Greek beachhead and beyond that, the sea, 2.758.

  SCIPIOS (ski‘-pi-ohs): powerful Roman family that produced two superb generals, Africanus the Elder (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major) and Africanus the Younger (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Minor), who both wreaked destruction on Carthage in the Punic Wars, 6.969. See Introduction, pp. 25-27.

  SCYLACEUM (si-la‘-see-um): town on the south coast of the toe of Italy, its litoral a wrecker of ships, 3.647.

  SCYLLA (sil‘-a): (1) man-eating monster that lives in a cliffside cavern opposite the whirlpool of Charybdis, supposedly in the Straits of Messina, 3.496. See Note 1.236-37. (2) Vessel, captained by Cloanthus, that wins the ship-race at Anchises’ funeral games, 5.145. See Note 5.134-318.

  SCYROS (skee‘-ros): island in the central Aegean off the coast of Euboea, 2.596.

  SEBETHIS (se-bee‘-this): water-nymph, mother by Telon of Oebalus, an ally of Turnus, 7.854.

  SELINUS (se-leye‘-nus): “city of palms” on the southwestern coast of Sicily, 3.814. As Williams observes (1972, note 3.705), however, the name “is more likely to mean ‘conferring the victor’s palm,’ because the plant sélinon (selinon), a kind of parsley . . . was one of the plants used for the victor’s crown, especially at the Isthmian games.”

  SERESTUS (se-rees‘-tus): Trojan, shipwrecked companion restored to Aeneas, 1.732.

  SERGESTUS (seer-jees‘-tus): Trojan, shipwrecked companion restored to Aeneas, and captain who pilots the Centaur to finish fourth and last in the ship-race at Anchises’ funeral games, 1.614. See Note 5.134-318.

  SERGIAN (seer‘-jan): Roman family named for Sergestus, 5.142.

  SERRANUS (see-ray‘-nus): (1) agnomen for the consul and hero of the First Punic War, Marcus Atilius Regulus, the Sower, 6.972. See Introduction, p. 31. (2) Rutulian killed by Nisus, 9.391.

  SEVERUS (se-veer‘-us): Sabine mountain among the Apennines; its people form a contingent allied with Turnus, 7.830.

  SIBYL (si‘-bil): Deiphobe, prophetess in Cumae, Aeneas’ guide to the Underworld, 3.531.

  SICANIAN (si-kay‘-ni-an): one of an ancient people of Sicania or Sicily, their contingent allied with Turnus, 7.923.

  SICILY (si‘-si-lee): the large triangular island just off the southern tip of Italy in the Mediterranean, 1.42. SICILIAN (si-si’-li-an): belonging to the island, 1.231.

  SIDICINE (si‘-di-seyen): of the Sidicines, a tribe in Campania, their contingent allied with Turnus, 7.846.

  SIDON (seye‘-don): the major city of Phoenicia and its citizens, the Sidonians, 1.740.

  SIGEAN (si-jee‘-an): of Sigeum, headland facing the Aegean to the north of Troy, 2.392.

  SILA (see‘-la): a woody mountain range in Bruttium, in southern Italy, 12.830.

  SILVANUS (seel-vay‘-nus): a Roman god of forests, 8.710.

  SILVIA (seel‘-vi-a): Latin woman, daughter of Tyrrhus; her appeals for her tamed deer, fortuitously killed by Ascanius, set off the warfare between the Latins and the Trojans, 7.570.

  SILVIUS (seel‘-vi-us): last-born son of Aeneas and Lavinia, as prophesied by Anchises in the Underworld, 6.883.

  SILVIUS AENEAS (seel‘-vi-us ee-nee’-as): Aeneas’ namesake, his equal in military prowess and sense of duty, and a future Alban king, 6.889. See Introduction, p. 29.

  SIMOIS (sim‘-oh-is): river of Troy, brother and tributary of the Xanthus (Scamander), 1.119.

  SINON (seye‘-non): Greek, master of fraud, whose cunning induces the Trojans to lead the wooden horse into their city, 2.101.

  SIRENS: enchantresses of the sea, half woman, half bird, whose song can tempt a sailor to his ruin, 5.964. See Note 5.964-65.

  SIRIUS (see‘-ri-us): see DOG STAR, 10.329.

  SLEEP: god of sleep, twin brother of Death, son of the Underworld and Night, 5.933. For the GATES OF SLEEP, 6.1029, see Note 6.1035-36 and Introduction, p. 32.

  SORACTE (soh-rak‘-tee): Etrurian mountain west of the Tiber to the north of Rome, and sacred to Apollo, 7.811.

  SPARTAN (spar‘-tan): 1.381, belonging to SPARTA (spar’-ta), the capital city of La conia or Lacedaemon in the southern Peloponnese, ruled by Menelaus, and home to him and Helen, 2.716.

  STHENELUS (sthe‘-ne-lus): (1) Greek, Diomedes’ charioteer, 2.331. (2) Trojan killed by Turnus, 12.407.

  STHENIUS (sthe‘-ni-us): Rutulian attacked by Pallas (3), 10.458.

  STROPHADES (stroh‘-fa-deez): islands in the Ionian Sea, their name is derived from the Greek word for “turn,” stréphesthai, as Williams observes (1972, note 3.210-11), because the two sons of Boreas, “in one version of the story . . . were here turned back from their pursuit of the Harpies by the goddess Iris,” after a promise that no m
ore harm would come to Phineus, 3.254. See Note 3.258 and PHINEUS.

  STRYMON (stree‘-mon): Thracian river, favorite haunt of water-birds, especially cranes, 10.318.

  STRYMONIUS (stree-mon‘-i-us): Trojan whose hand is severed by Halaesus, 10.490.

  STYX (stiks): “abhorred Styx the flood of deadly hate,” in Milton’s phrase; the main river in the Underworld, by which the gods swear their binding oaths, 3.262 (see Note ad loc); STYGIAN (sti‘-jan), belonging to the river, 6.159.

  SUCRO (soo‘-kroh): Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 12.590.

  SULMO (sool‘-moh): (1) Rutulian under Volscian command; killed by Nisus, 9.474. (2) Another Rutulian, father of four sons, comrades of Turnus, captured by Aeneas to be slaughtered at Pallas’ (3) funeral, 10.613.

  SUN: the sun personified, 1.682. See PHAËTHON (1) and (2), 5.125, and TITAN.

  SYBARIS (si‘-bar-is): Trojan killed by Turnus, 12.432.

  SYCHAEUS (si-kee‘-us): Dido’s Phoenician husband, to whom the ghost of the queen returns in the Underworld, 1.417. See PYGMALION.

  SYMAETHUS (see-mee‘-thus): Sicilian river southwest of Catania, in the foothills of Mount Etna, 9.663.

  SYRACUSE (si‘-ra-kyooz): the major city of Sicily in classical antiquity, founded by colonists from Corinth on the southeastern coast of the island and the putative birthplace of Theocritus. See ORTYGIA (2), PLEMYRIUM, and 3.800.

  SYRTES (seer‘-teez): the Sandbanks, two great shoals near the southern coast of the Mediterranean off Libya and Carthage, and a menace to mariners, 1.132.

  TABURNUS (ta-boor‘-nus): Monte Taburno, a mountain range in the Samnite region of southern Italy, 12.830.

  TAGUS (ta‘-gus): Rutulian under Volcens’ command, killed by Nisus, 9.482.

  TALOS (ta‘-los): Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 12.600.

  TANAIS (ta‘-na-is): Rutulian killed by Aeneas, 12.600.

  TARCHON (tar‘-kon): Etruscan chieftain of forces allied with those of Aeneas, 8.595. See Introduction, p. 34.

  TARENTUM (ta-ren‘-tum): now Taranto, a Calabrian coastal city and harbor on the Gulf of Tarentum in southern Italy, 3.644.

  TARPEIA (tar-pay‘-a): woman warrior, comrade-in-arms of Camilla, 11.774.

  TARPEIAN (tar-pay‘-an): of a cliff on the Capitoline hill, with which it is often synonymous, named after Tarpeia, daughter of one of Romulus’ generals, who treacherously opened Rome to the Sabines, 8.765.

  TARQUIN (tar‘-kwin): the name of two kings of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus and Tarquinius Superbus, “the Proud,” 6.941. The latter, Rome’s last king, was expelled by Brutus, 8.759. See BRUTUS and Introduction, p. 34.

  TARQUITUS (tayr‘-kwi-tus): born to Faunus by the wood-nymph Dryope and a Latin champion, comrade of Turnus, killed by Aeneas, 10.650.

  TARTARUS (tar‘-ta-rus): the lowest, darkest depths of the house of Hades, the kingdom of the dead, where Jupiter incarcerates his defeated enemies, the Titans in particular, 5.813. TARTAREAN (tar-tar-ee’-an), belonging to the region, 6.337.

  TATIUS (ta‘-ti-us): king of the Sabines, who, after the abduction of the Sabine women and his incursion against the Romans in revenge, shared with Romulus the joint rule of both their peoples, 8.751.

  TEGEAN (te-jee‘-an): resident of Tegea, a town in central Arcadia and synonymous with the region, 5.333.

  TELEBOEAN (te-le-bee‘-an): of an Acarnanian people who settled on Capreae, 7.856.

  TELON (te‘-lon): king of the Teleboeans, ruler of Capreae, father by Sebethis of Oebalus, who enlarged his father’s holdings, 7.854.

  TENEDOS (ten‘-e-dos): island in the northeastern Aegean off the coast of Troy, where the Greek fleet regroups for the final assault on the city, 2.28.

  TEREUS (tee‘-ryoos): Trojan killed by Camilla, 11.796.

  TETRICA (te‘-tri-ka): an Apennine mountain ridge in the Sabines’ realm, source of a contingent allied with Turnus, 7.830.

  TEUCER (too‘-sur): (1) first king of the Trojans or Teucrians, father of Bateia, the wife of Dardanus, forebear of Aeneas, 1.279. (2) Achaean, bastard son of Telamon, half-brother of Great Ajax and a master archer, 1.740.

  TEUTHRAS (too‘-thras): Arcadian comrade of Pallas (3) and under Aeneas’ command, 10.477.

  TEUTONIC (too-ton‘-ik): describing a people of Germany. To Roman historians, the epitome of a savage northern tribe, 7.862.

  THAEMON (thee‘-mon): Lycian, brother of Clarus and Sarpedon, and an ally of Aeneas, 10.155.

  THAMYRUS (tham‘-i-rus): Trojan killed by Turnus, 12.407.

  THAPSUS (thap‘-sus): a peninsula and town on Sicily’s eastern coast, 3.796.

  THEANO (the-ayn‘-oh): Trojan woman who bore Mimas to Amycus (4), 10.832.

  THEBES (theebz): seven-gated city of the Thebans in Boeotia, attacked by Polynices and the Seven; the scene of Euripides’ Bacchae, 4.590. See PENTHEUS.

  THEMILLAS (the-meel‘-as): Trojan, whose spear grazes Privernus, a Rutulian killed by the Trojan Capys (1), 9.656.

  THERMODON (theer‘-moh-don): river in Pontus which empties into the southern coast of the Black Sea, and a favorite haunt of the Amazons, 11.778.

  THERON (thee‘-rohn): Latin killed by Aeneas, 10.369.

  THERSILOCHUS (theer-si‘-lo-kus): (1) Trojan, one of Antenor’s three sons whom Aeneas sees among the war heroes in the Underworld, 6.561. (2) Trojan killed by Turnus, 12.432.

  THESEUS (thees‘-yoos): son of Aegeus, king of Athens, who abducted Ariadne from Crete to Naxos and, with his comrade, Pirithous, descended to the Underworld and tried, unsuccessfully, to kidnap Persephone; in punishment, Theseus was condemned to sit on a seat for eternity, 6.36.

  THESSANDRUS (thee-sayn‘-drus): Greek raider hidden in the Trojan horse, 2.331.

  THETIS (the‘-tis): sea-goddess, daughter of Nereus, married to Peleus and by him the mother of Achilles, 5.919.

  THOAS (thoh‘-as): (1) Greek raider concealed in the Trojan horse, 2.333. (2) Trojan killed by Halaesus, 10.491.

  THRACIAN (thray‘-shan): 1.382, belonging to THRACE (thrays), a country north of the Aegean and the Hellespont, and west of the Black Sea, 3.41.

  THRONIUS (thro‘-ni-us): Trojan killed by Salius (2), 10.889.

  THYBRIS (thee‘-bris): legendary Etruscan king, eponymous hero of the river Tiber, where Thybris met his death, 8.388.

  THYMBER (theem‘-ber): Rutulian, twin brother of Larides, sons of Daunus, both killed by Pallas (3), 10.462.

  THYMBRA (theem‘-bra): town in the Troad, south of Troy, on the Xanthus (Scamander) River, and sacred to Apollo, 3.102.

  THYMBRAEUS (theem-bree‘-us): Trojan, killer of the Latin Osiris, 12.538.

  THYMBRIS (theem‘-bris): Trojan veteran, comrade of Aeneas, 10.153.

  THYMOETES (thi-mee‘-teez): (1) Trojan who urges the admittance of the Trojan horse into the city. 2.41. (2) Trojan, son of Hicetaon and defender of Aeneas’ garrison, killed by Turnus, 10.152.

  TIBER (teye‘-ber): the river Tiber, the main river of central Italy, that rises in the Apennines and runs south; the city of Rome was established along its left bank; a name for the god of the river as well, 1.15.

  TIBUR (tee‘-bur): venerable town of Latium, now called Tivoli, built along the Anio, northeast of Rome, 7.733.

  TIBURTUS (tee-boor‘-tus): Greek, brother of Catillus and Coras, one of the three legendary founders of Tibur, the town that bears Tiburtus’ name; all are allied with Turnus, 7.782.

  TIGER: ship commanded by Massicus, 10.202.

  TIMAVUS (ti-may‘-vus): northern Italian river that empties into the Adriatic near its headwaters, 1.290. See Note 1.287-97.

  TIRYNS (tir‘-inz): ancient city in the Argolid, in the kingdom of Diomedes, and known for its rugged Cyclopean walls, 7.770. See Note ad loc.

  TISIPHONE (ti-si‘-foh-nee): one of the three Furies, she metes out punishments in the Underworld; guardian of the gates that enclose the damned, 6.645.

  TITAN (teye‘-tan): one of the elder gods, children of Uranus confined by Jupiter in Tartarus for their rebellion against the Olympians, 6.673-74. For the Sun
as “child of the Titan Hyperion” (Austin, 1955, note 4.118 f.) see 4.147, 6.838.

  TITHONUS (ti-thoh‘-nus): consort of the Dawn, son of Laomedon and brother of Priam, father of Memnon, 4.731.

  TITYUS (ti‘-ti-us): legendary figure doomed to eternal torture in the Underworld for having assaulted Latona, mother of Diana and Apollo, who joined forces to kill the giant in revenge, 6.687.

  TMARIAN (tma‘-ri-an): inhabitant of mountainous region in Epirus, 5.685.

  TMARUS (tma‘-rus): Rutulian routed or killed by Aeneas’ forces, 9.779.