Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign that Changed America
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45. Adam Clymer, “President Is in the Lead, Especially in the City—Anderson Slide Noted,” New York Times, October 21, 1980, A1.
46. Warren Weaver Jr., “Anderson's Campaign Style Gains as He Loses Ground,” New York Times, October 17, 1980, 24.
47. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Reagan, in Michigan, Focuses on Economy,” New York Times, October 16, 1980, B6.
48. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Reagan Is Endorsed by 2 Black Leaders,” New York Times, October 17, 1980, 1.
49. Patrick Caddell, in discussion with the author, May 13, 2009.
50. “Carter Renews Debate Challenge,” New York Times, October 16, 1980, B8.
51. Schram and Cannon, “Key Is Voters League Decision on Anderson.”
52. Howell Raines, “Reagan Backs Cautious Advisers in Split on a Debate with Carter,” New York Times, September 23, 1980, B8.
53. Schram and Cannon, “Key Is Voters League Decision on Anderson.”
54. “Survey Shows 221 Dailies for Reagan, 59 for Carter,” Associated Press, October 16, 1980.
55. Michael Putzel, “Reagan Agrees to Debate Carter,” Associated Press, October 17, 1980.
56. “Business Digest: The Economy,” New York Times, October 17, 1980, D1.
57. Edward Walsh and Lou Cannon, “Reagan and Carter Finally Brought Together,” Washington Post, October 17, 1980, A4.
58. Terence Smith, “Carter and Reagan Trade Quips on Same Dais at Al Smith Dinner,” New York Times, October 17, 1980, 22.
59. Walsh and Cannon, “Reagan and Carter Finally Brought Together.”
60. James R. Dickenson, “Carter and Reagan Parry Politely at an Al Smith Dinner Encounter,” Washington Star, October 17, 1980, A1.
61. Walsh and Cannon, “Reagan and Carter Finally Brought Together.”
62. Ed Magnuson, Laurence I. Barrett, Christopher Ogden, “Building to a Climax,” Time, October 27, 1980.
63. Lyn Nofziger, Nofziger (Washington, DC: Regnery Gateway, 1992), 260.
64. Edward Walsh and Lou Cannon, “Reagan, Carter Plan Debate,” Washington Post, October 18, 1980, A1.
65. Hedrick Smith, “Lead Slipping, a New Reagan Suits Up for the Big Debate,” New York Times, October 19, 1980, E1.
66. Bernard Weinraub, “Carter and Reagan Go on Attack in Ads,” New York Times, October 19, 1980, 38.
67. Lisa Myers, “GOP's Challenger Wants New Treaty,” Washington Star, October 20, A1.
68. Peter Hannaford, The Reagans: A Political Portrait (New York: Coward-McCann, 1983), 294.
69. Steven R. Weisman, “President Suggests Reagan's Policy Could Lead to a ‘Nuclear Precipice,’” New York Times, October 20, 1980, A1; Jeremiah O'Leary and Alison Muscatine, “Carter Assails Reagan Plan to Scrap SALT II as ‘Naïve,’” Washington Star, October 20, 1980, A1.
70. Howell Raines, “Reagan, in Speeches, Doesn't Let the Facts Spoil a Good Anecdote or Effective Symbol,” New York Times, October 19, 1980, 38.
71. Goldman et al., “The Electoral Numbers Game.”
72. Eugene Robinson, “Kennedy, Mindful of Future, Is Going All-Out for Carter,” Washington Post, October 12, 1980, A1.
73. Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover, “Arkansas Bares Weak Spot in Carter's Base,” Washington Star, October 15, 1980, A3.
74. Donald M. Rothberg, “Anderson Slide in Polls Set Stage for League Debate,” Associated Press, October 22, 1980.
75. Alison Muscatine, “Top Reagan Aide Urges Debate Be Held the Night Before Election,” Washington Star, October 20, 1980, A1.
76. Terence Smith, “Presidential Debate Format Set; Camps Differ on Time and Place,” New York Times, October 21, 1980, A1.
77. Alison Muscatine, “Agreement Is Expected on Debate,” Washington Star, October 21, 1980, A1.
78. James Baker, in discussion with the author, September 6, 2006.
79. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006.
80. Muscatine, “Top Reagan Aide Urges Debate Be Held the Night Before Election.”
81. Douglas E. Kneeland, “Reagan Tour Rolls Through Illinois,” New York Times, October 19, 1980, 42.
82. Hannaford, The Reagans, 296.
83. Stuart Spencer, in discussion with the author.
CHAPTER 34: ON DECK
1. James Baker, in discussion with the author.
2. James Baker, in discussion with the author, September 6, 2006.
3. Ibid.
4. Stuart Spencer, in discussion with the author, September 28, 2006.
5. Baker, in discussion with the author, September 6, 2006.
6. Ibid.
7. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, Subcommittee on Human Resources, Unauthorized Transfers of Nonpublic Information During the 1980 Presidential Election, 98th Cong., 2d sess., 1984, Committee Print 98–12, 114. Hereinafter cited as House Committee report.
8. Memorandum from Patrick H. Caddell to the President, “Where We Go from Here—How to Win,” August 18, 1980, Jimmy Carter Presidential Library, Atlanta, GA.
9. Tom Wicker, “All Stops Out in Texas,” New York Times, October 26, 1980, E19.
10. Robert Pear, “Drought Aid to Jersey Authorized by Carter; U. S. to Build Pipeline,” New York Times, October 20, 1980, A1.
11. Jeremiah O'Leary, “Carter Will Deny Saudis F-15 Gear,” Washington Star, October 26, 1980, A1.
12. Dick Kirschten, “Cabinet Government Really Does Work—on the Presidential Campaign Trail,” National Journal, October 25, 1980, 1800.
13. Lou Cannon, “Reagan Raises Hostage Issue in Campaign,” Washington Post, October 21, 1980, A1.
14. Brooks Jackson, “Reagan Puts Increasing Stress on Theme That Carter Is a Dangerous Incompetent,” Wall Street Journal, October 24, 1980, 16.
15. Richard Bergholz, “Reagan Blames President for Hostage Tieup,” Los Angeles Times, October 22, 1980, B1.
16. “Quotations of the Day,” New York Times, October 22, 1980, B1.
17. Terence Smith, “President Critical,” New York Times, October 22, 1980, A1.
18. Lou Cannon, “Political Dueling on Hostage Issue,” Washington Post, October 22, 1980, A1.
19. Edward Walsh, “In Texas, Carter Sounds Hawkish Note and Derides Reagan on Hostage Issue,” Washington Post, October 23, 1980, A4.
20. Peter A. Brown, United Press International, October 23, 1980.
21. Jack Nelson, “Carter Alludes to His Calm in Crisis,” Los Angeles Times, October 22, 1980, B16.
22. “Criticism of President by Governor of Texas Stirs a Political Furor,” New York Times, October 26, 1980, 41.
23. Smith, “President Critical.”
24. Letter from American Indian Party to Senator S. I. Hayakawa, July 29, 1980, FBI, Box 2, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, CA.
25. Letter to Reagan for President, April 14, 1980, FBI, Box 2, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, CA.
26. Dudley Clendinen, “Campaign Report,” New York Times, October 21, 1980, B6.
27. Dudley Clendinen, “Campaign Report,” New York Times, October 25, 1980, 8.
28. Hedrick Smith, “Poll Shows President Has Pulled to Even Position with Reagan,” New York Times, October 23, 1980, A1.
29. Clendinen, “Campaign Report,” October 25, 1980.
30. Michele Davis, in discussion with the author, March 14, 2008.
31. Dick Wirthlin, in discussion with the author.
32. Smith, “Poll Shows President Has Pulled to Even Position with Reagan.”
33. Adam Clymer, “Carter Found Far Behind '76 Pace in Jewish Support,” New York Times, October 25, 1980, 8.
34. United Press International, “McCarthy Is Said to Back Reagan,” New York Times, October 22, 1980, A25.
35. “Clean Gene Is at It Again,” Time, November 14, 1988.
36. Don Shannon, “Reagan Gets Backing of Former Sen. McCarthy,” Los Angeles Times, October 24, 1980, B15.
37. Jackson, “Reagan Puts Increasing Stress on Theme That Carter Is a Dangerous Incompetent.”
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38. United Press International, “Reagan Preparing for Debate,” New York Times, October 26, 1980, 41.
39. Editorial, “At the End of the Alley,” New York Times, October 26, 1980, E18.
40. Mike Causey, “Reagan Is Endorsed by PATCO's Board,” Washington Post, October 24, 1980, C2.
41. Joseph E. Persico, Casey: From the OSS to the CIA (New York: Viking, 1990), 194.
42. Lou Cannon, “Reagan's Team Perplexed by Uncontrollable Events,” Washington Post, October 24, 1980, A1.
43. Persico, Casey, 195.
44. William K. Stevens, “Kennedy Rouses Mexican-Americans to Aid Carter's Drive to Win Texas,” New York Times, October 23, 1980, B12.
45. Gregory Nokes, “Reagan Raps Carter Economic Record of ‘Misery, Despair,’” Associated Press, October 23, 1980.
46. “Business Digest: Markets,” New York Times, October 24, 1980, D1.
47. Clyde H. Farnsworth, “Consumer Prices Up by 1% in September and 12.7% in a Year,” New York Times, October 25, 1980, 1.
48. Steven R. Weisman, “Californian's Plan Attacked,” New York Times, October 25, 1980, 1.
49. William J. Eaton, “Reagan Says Carter May Rig Report on Price Index,” Los Angeles Times, October 24, 1980, B16.
50. Terence Smith, “Carter Gets Rights Leader's Pledge and Seeks Help of Black Ministers,” New York Times, October 24, 1980, A16.
51. Jackson, “Reagan Puts Increasing Stress on Theme That Carter Is a Dangerous Incompetent.”
52. Clay F. Richardson, “Carter, Reagan Prepare for Crucial Debate,” United Press International, October 27, 1980.
53. House Committee report, 110.
54. “Excerpts From Reagan TV Address on the Economy,” New York Times, October 25, 1980, 10.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Gregory Nokes, “Reagan Says Carter's Spending, Tax Policies Caused Inflation,” Associated Press, October 25, 1980.
59. Jackson, “Reagan Puts Increasing Stress on Theme That Carter Is a Dangerous Incompetent.”
60. U. S. News & World Report, October 20, 1980, 18.
61. Richard Halloran, “Libyans Are Challenging U. S. Forces in War of Nerves,” New York Times, October 24, 1980, A8.
62. Howell Raines, “Reagan Focus Is on Carter Competence as Key Issue,” New York Times, October 24, 1980, A16.
63. Steven R. Weisman, “Carter Asserts Reagan Shifted on Embargo,” New York Times, October 26, 1980, 41.
64. “Today's News,” Washington Star, October 24, 1980, A1.
65. Weisman, “Carter Asserts Reagan Shifted on Embargo.”
66. Patrick Caddell, in discussion with the author, May 13, 2009.
67. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006.
68. Rich Jaroslovsky, “Carter, Reagan Teams Sketch Game Plan for Face-Off Tentatively Set for Oct. 28,” Wall Street Journal, October 20, 1980, 4.
CHAPTER 35: CLEVELAND
1. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Journals: 1952–2000 (New York: Penguin Press, 2007), 504.
2. Elizabeth Drew, Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981), 307.
3. Martin Schram, “Carter Goes into Debate with Lead in New Poll,” Washington Post, October 28, 1980, A1.
4. “Campaign Notes,” Washington Post, October 25, 1980, A6.
5. John F. Stacks, “Right Now: a Dead Heat,” Time, November 3, 1980.
6. “A Slugfest in the Midwest; Third in a Series of Regional Surveys,” U. S. News & World Report, October 20, 1980, 22.
7. “Survey Finds Missouri Race Nearly Even,” Washington Star, October 24, 1980, A6.
8. “Carter, Reagan—How They Rate,” U. S. News & World Report, October 20, 1980, 11.
9. Howell Raines, “Reporter's Notebook: Tension Grips Gipper's Camp,” New York Times, October 27, 1980, B6.
10. Ken Khachigian, in discussion with the author, May 2007.
11. Thomas M. DeFrank, Write It When I'm Gone: Remarkable Off-the-Record Conversations with Gerald R. Ford (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2007), 113.
12. Alison Muscatine, “Carter Might Make ‘Political’ Deal for Hostages' Release, Ford Says,” Washington Star, October 20, 1980, A3.
13. Richard Allen, in discussion with the author, April 12, 2008.
14. Michael Putzel, “Carter Aide Calls Ford Charge on Hostages ‘Trash,’” Associated Press, October 28, 1980.
15. Ellen Hume, “Civil Rights Leader Calls Reagan a Racist,” Los Angeles Times, October 28, 1980, B15.
16. Associated Press, “Birch Society Narrows Comments on Reagan,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, B19.
17. Allan J. Mayer, Gerald C. Lubenow, Gloria Borger, and Diane Camper, “Beyond the Melting Pot,” News-week, October 20, 1980, 29.
18. David Bird, “George Scott Is Chary of Giving Political Advice,” New York Times, October 27, 1980, A21.
19. “Newspapers Make Endorsements,” New York Times, October 27, 1980, B8.
20. Editorial, “Ronald Reagan for President,” Chicago Tribune, October 26, 1980, A4.
21. “Newspapers Make Endorsements.”
22. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, Subcommittee on Human Resources, Unauthorized Transfers of Nonpublic Information During the 1980 Presidential Election, 98th Cong., 2d sess., 1984, Committee Print 98–12, 111.
23. Marc Rotterman, in discussion with the author, March 15, 2007.
24. Michael Putzel, Associated Press, September 26, 1984.
25. Robert G. Kaiser, “Grueling Prep Work Precedes Critical Clash,” Washington Post, September 26, 2008, A6.
26. Memorandum from Anthony R. Dolan to Ed Meese, “Debates,” September 1980, Box 139, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, CA.
27. Dudley Clendinen, “Campaign Report,” New York Times, October 28, 1980, A24.
28. Eleanor Randolph, “On Eve of Debate, Carter Accuses Reagan of Switching Roles,” Los Angeles Times, October 28, 1980, B16.
29. Jody Powell, in discussion with the author, April 10, 2006; United Press International, October 26, 1980.
30. Memorandum from Martin D. Franks, “Memorandum on the Reagan Book,” September 10, 1980, Carter/Mondale Re-Election Committee, Jimmy Carter Presidential Library, Atlanta, GA.
31. United Press International, October 28, 1980.
32. Schram, “Carter Goes into Debate with Lead in New Poll.”
33. James A. Baker III and Steve Fiffer, Work Hard, Study… and Keep Out of Politics! (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2006), 108.
34. “Horoscope;Tuesday, October 28,” Chicago Tribune, October 28, 1980, E6.
35. Rebecca Donatelli, in discussion with the author, July 14, 2006.
36. Memorandum from Paul Manafort to RPDSs, State Chairmen, Executive Directors, and Campaign Directors, “Debate Consequences and Considerations,” October 18, 1980.
37. John J. O'Connor, “TV: Instant Poll Steals Past-Debate Scene,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, C26.
38. Michael K. Deaver with Mickey Herskowitz, Behind the Scenes: In Which the Author Talks About Ronald and Nancy Reagan… and Himself (New York: William Morrow, 1987), 98.
39. Walter Mondale, in discussion with the author, February 28, 2007.
40. Peter G. Bourne, Jimmy Carter: A Comprehensive Biography from Plains to Postpresidency (New York: Scribner, 1997), 471.
41. Walter R. Mears, “Reagan Would Pull SALT from Senate,” Associated Press, October 1, 1980.
42. Hamilton Jordan, Crisis: The Last Year of the Carter Presidency (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1982), 302.
43. Walter R. Mears, Associated Press, October 28, 1980.
44. “Transcript of the Presidential Debate Between Carter and Reagan in Cleveland,” New York Times, October 29, 1980, A26.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid.
48. Robert A. Rosenblatt, “Carter, Reagan Agree Oil Prices Must Increase,” Los Ange
les Times, October 27, 1980, B8.
49. “Transcript of the Presidential Debate Between Carter and Reagan in Cleveland.”
50. George H.W. Bush, in discussion with the author, February 16, 2007.
51. “Transcript of the Presidential Debate Between Carter and Reagan in Cleveland.”
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid.
54. Walter Isaacson, Laurence I. Barrett, and Christopher Ogden, “Now, a Few Words in Closing,” Time, November 10, 1980.
55. “Transcript of the Presidential Debate Between Carter and Reagan in Cleveland.”
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid.
67. Ibid.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid.
77. Ibid.
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. Ibid.
84. Ibid.
85. Ibid.
86. Ibid.
87. Brad Knickerbocker, “A Governor's Report Card,” Christian Science Monitor, October 1, 1980, 13.
88. “Transcript of President's State of the Union Message to Nation,” New York Times, January 27, 1982, A16.
89. “Transcript of the Presidential Debate Between Carter and Reagan in Cleveland.”
CHAPTER 36: MELTDOWN
1. Lou Cannon, Reagan (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1982), 294.
2. Hedrick Smith, “Carter and Reagan Voicing Confidence on Debate Showing,” New York Times, October 30, 1980, A1.
3. Walter R. Mears, Associated Press, October 29, 1980.
4. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President (New York: Bantam Books, 1982), 565.
5. Memorandum from Gerald M. Rafshoon to the President, “1980 General Election Themes,” July 3, 1980, Rafshoon Communications, Susan Clough Files, Box 5, Jimmy Carter Presidential Library, Atlanta, GA.
6. “Both Sides Claim Their Man Won the Debate,” Los Angeles Times, October 29, 1980, B2.
7. Jimmy Carter, in discussion with the author, July 11, 2006.
8. Peter Goldman, James Doyle, Martin Kasindorf, Eleanor Clift, and Thomas M. DeFrank, “The Great Homestretch Debate,” Newsweek, November 10, 1980, 34.