3. NA FO 371/14055, 4254/4254/42, report of James Marshall-Cornwall, 23 August 1929, especially appendix F; Ewan Butler, Mason-Mac: The Life of Lieutenant-General Sir Noel Mason-MacFarlane (London: Macmillan, 1972), pp. 43–5.
4. Gill Bennett, Churchill’s Man of Mystery: Desmond Morton and the World of Intelligence (London: Routledge, 2007), pp. 136, 148.
5. NA SUPP 3/16, Charles de Gaulle, ‘Economic Mobilisation in Foreign Countries’, Revue Militaire Française, no. 151 (January 1934), translated by Committee of Imperial Defence and circulated as PSO 249; Roger Faligot and Rémi Kauffer, L’Hermine Rouge de Shanghai (Rennes: Les Portes du Large, 2005).
6. NA KV 2/989, serial 77a, note on interview on 7 September with A. Allen at Bournemouth, by Oswald Harker, 11 September 1928.
7. ‘Prologue by Compton Mackenzie’, in Wilfred Macartney, Walls Have Mouths: A Record of Ten Years’ Penal Servitude (London: Gollancz, 1936), pp. 10–11.
8. Ibid., pp. 15–16, 20–1.
9. Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939, series 2, vol. 7 (London: HMSO, 1958), pp. 73, 74, 76, 139.
10. Hugh Dalton, House of Commons debates, 11 March 1926, vol. 192, col. 2736; Richard Overy, The Morbid Age: Britain between the Wars (London: Allen Lane, 2009), p. 192; Cambridge University Library, Vickers microfilm R333, Sir Mark Webster Jenkinson to Sir Basil Zaharoff, 16 July 1935.
11. Graham Greene, A Gun for Sale (London: Heinemann, 1936), p. 147; Christina Stead, The House of All Nations (London: Angus & Robertson, 1974 edition), p. 81; Lord Vansittart, The Mist Procession (London: Hutchinson, 1958), p. 231.
12. NA FO 371/18760, A 633/633/45, Report on Leading Personalities of the USA, January 1935; Thomas Hachey, ‘American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943’, Wisconsin Magazine of History, 57 (Winter 1973–4), p. 147; William E. Dodd and Martha Dodd, eds, Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 1933–1938 (London: Gollancz, 1941), pp. 75–6; NA KV 2/4036, serial 11xa, Peter Rhodes, ‘Oxford and Rearmament’, Isis, 11 March 1936; see also Wayne Cole, Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962) and John E. Wiltz, In Search of Peace: The Senate Munitions Enquiry, 1934–36 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963).
13. Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick, The Inner Circle: Memoirs (London: Macmillan, 1959), p. 50.
14. NA KV 2/992, serial 116b, Ba2 report by HOPS, ‘Secret’, 20 November 1934.
15. NA KV 2/2202, serial 378b, ‘Stuart Havelock HOLLINGDALE – Interview of Edward Spence CALVERT’, 27 April 1953.
16. NA KV 2/992, serial 126b, report by HOPS, ‘FSU Aldershot’, circa 4 December 1934.
17. NA KV 2/993, serial 155b, Ba2 report by HOPS, 10 January 1935.
18. NA KV 2/994, serial 447a, Ba2 report by HOPS, 30 August 1937; The Strange Case of Major Vernon (London: National Council for Civil Liberties, 1938), p. 16.
19. ‘The Dismissal of a Communist’, The Times, 24 October 1928.
20. NA KV 2/1180, serial 24a, H.F.B., ‘Visit to Scotland’, 3 December 1929; Giles Udy, Labour and the Gulag: Russia and the Seduction of the British Left (London: Backbite, 2017), pp. 129-32.
21. Victor Madeira, Britannia and the Bear: The Anglo-Russian Intelligence Wars, 1917–1929 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014), p. 8.
22. The preceding paragraph is drawn from material in NA KV 2/2796 and 2797; ‘Rebuilding the Fleet’, Observer, 12 July 1936, p. 22.
23. Henry Hemming, M: Maxwell Knight, MI5’s Greatest Spymaster (London: Preface, 2017), p. 73.
24. ‘Inquest on Lord Loughborough’, The Times, 7 August 1929, p. 7; Kenneth Young, ed., The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1915–1938 (London: Macmillan, 1973), pp. 103–4; Alan Clark, ed., ‘A Good Innings’: The Private Papers of Viscount Lee of Fareham (London: John Murray, 1974), p. 11.
25. David Burke, The Spy Who Came in from the Co-op: Melita Norwood and the Ending of Cold War Espionage (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2008), pp. 76–7.
26. Elizabeth Poretsky, Our Own People: A Memoir of ‘Ignace Reiss’ and his Friends (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), p. 128; Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1990), p. 173.
27. William E. Duff, A Time for Spies: Theodore Stephanovitch Mally and the Era of the Great Illegals (Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 1999), pp. 141, 216–17, discredits the inventions of John Costello, Mask of Treachery: Spies, Lies, Buggery and Betrayal, the First Documented Dossier of Anthony Blunt’s Cambridge Spy Ring (New York: William Morrow, 1988), pp. 282–6.
28. Burke, Spy from the Co-op, p. 90.
29. Vansittart, Mist Procession, p. 177; Anthony Cave Brown, ‘C’: The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Menzies, Spymaster to Winston Churchill (New York: Macmillan, 1987), p. 510.
30. ‘Prologue by Compton Mackenzie’, in Macartney, Walls Have Mouths, pp. 21–3.
31. David Caute, The Fellow-Travellers: A Postscript to the Enlightenment (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973), pp. 119–20.
32.Dudley Collard, Soviet Justice and the Trial of Radek and Others (London: Gollancz, 1937), pp. 36, 99, 106, 109; NA KV 2/2159, serial 52a, ‘Re the Glading Case’, nd [March 1938].
33. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Mss Eng c 6565, journal of Lord Somervell of Harrow, 1937, ‘The Macmahon [sic] case’.
34. Burke, Spy from the Co-op, pp. 101–2.
35. ‘Charges under Official Secrets Act’, Manchester Guardian, 15 March 1938.
36. ‘Mr Justice Hawke’, The Times, 31 October 1941, p. 9.
37. ‘Official Secrets Act’, The Times, 15 March 1938, p. 7.
38. Nigel West, ed., The Guy Liddell Diaries: MI5’s Director of Counter-Espionage in World War II, vol. 1: 1939–1942 (London: Routledge, 2005), p. 35.
39. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Mss Eng c 6565, journal of Lord Somervell of Harrow, 21 April 1934; R. F. V. Heuston, Lives of the Lord Chancellors, 1940–1970 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 149; Richard Ollard, ed., The Diaries of A. L. Rowse (London: Allen Lane, 2003), pp. 218–20.
Chapter 7: The Little Clans
1. Sir David Kelly, The Ruling Few, or the Human Background to Diplomacy (London: Hollis & Carter, 1952), p. 9; Richard Bassett, Last Imperialist: A Portrait of Julian Amery (Settrington: Stone Trough, 2015), p. 43.
2. G. M. Young, Last Essays (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1950), p. 97; Edward Pearce, The Golden Talking-Shop: The Oxford Union Debates Empire, World War, Revolution, & Women (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), p. 369.
3. David Footman, Dead Yesterday (London: White Lion, 1974), p. 135.
4. Cyril Connolly, The Missing Diplomats (London: Queen Anne Press, 1952), pp. 15–16.
5. John le Carré introduction to Bruce Page, David Leitch and Phillip Knightley, Philby: The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation (London: André Deutsch, 1968), pp. 9–10, 12, 14; Andrew Boyle, The Climate of Treason: Five Who Spied for Russia (London: Hutchinson, 1979), p. 42; Leo Abse, ‘The Judas Syndrome’, Spectator, 20 March 1982, pp. 11–12.
6. Miranda Carter, Anthony Blunt: His Lives (London: Macmillan, 2001), pp. 1, 16–17; Robert Cecil, A Divided Life: A Biography of Donald Maclean (London: Bodley Head, 1988), pp. 8–9.
7. Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev, The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives (London: HarperCollins, 1998), pp. 210–11.
8. NA KV 2/1118, serial 56b, Valentine Vivian to Guy Liddell, 24 September 1940.
9. Sir Reader Bullard, Two Kings in Arabia: Letters from Jeddah, 1923–5 and 1936–9, ed. E. C. Hodgkin (Reading: Ithaca Press, 1993), pp. 48–9.
10. John Costello and Oleg Tsarev, Deadly Illusions (London: Century, 1993), p. 116.
11. Tim [I. I.] Milne, Kim Philby: The Unknown Story of the KGB’s Master Spy (London: Backbite, 2014), p. 3.
12. Brian Urquhart, A Life in Peace and War (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987), pp. 16, 19.
13. Milne, Philby, p
p. 5, 8.
14. Urquhart, Peace and War, p. 20.
15. Ibid., p. 24.
16. Richard Wollheim, ‘Jesus Christie’, London Review of Books, 3 October 1985; Urquhart, Peace and War, pp. 21, 23–4.
17. Milne, Philby, p. 4.
18. Durham Cathedral Library, Henson papers vol. 34, diary of Herbert Hensley Henson, 11 November 1922.
19. Lord Vansittart, The Mist Procession (London: Hutchinson, 1958), pp. 311, 315, 318.
20. Steve Nicholson, The Censorship of British Drama, 1900–1968, vol. 1 (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 203), pp. 196–7.
21. Urquhart, Peace and War, p. 17; Footman, Dead Yesterday, pp. 136, 154-5; David Footman, Pig and Pepper (London: Derek Verschoyle, 1954 edition), p. 278.
22. Bullard, Two Kings, pp. 77, 239; NA KV 2/1118, serials 54a & 56a, Sir Harold Farquhar to Guy Liddell, 12 September 1940, and Guy Liddell to Valentine Vivian, 19 September 1940; NA KV 2/1119, serials 67a & 76b, Lord Lloyd to Oswald Harker, 14 November 1940, and Sir Alexander Cadogan to Lord Lloyd, 12 December 1940.
23. Patrick Seale and Maureen McConville, Philby: The Long Road to Moscow (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1973), pp. 1, 9.
24. Vansittart, Mist Procession, p. 232; Alan Maclean, No, I Tell a Lie, It was the Tuesday: A Trudge through the Life of Alan Maclean (London: Kyle Cathie, 1997), pp. 8, 11, 12–13.
25. Sir John Masterman, On the Chariot Wheel: An Autobiography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 18; Oxford, Worcester College archives, MT/1920, Reverend George Chitty to Dean of Worcester, 22 December 1919.
26. T. Cuthbert Worsley, Flannelled Fool (London: Alan Ross, 1965), p. 47.
27. Geoff Andrews, Shadow Man: At the Heart of the Cambridge Spy Circle (London: I. B. Tauris, 2015), pp. 22–3.
28. NA KV 2/4150, serial 693a, Skardon, ‘Interview with Mrs. DUNBAR in Paris on 2.12.53’.
29. James Delbourgo, Collecting the World: The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane (London: Allen Lane, 2017), p. xxviii; Kenneth Andrews, Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 363–4.
30. Kelly, Ruling Few, p. 51; NA KV 2/4140, serial 18a, ‘Selection Board 7 May 1935’, questionnaire completed by Lt Col. J. H. Foster.
31. Donald Somervell, The Future of Public School Education (Oxford: Humphrey Milford, 1918), p. 19; Minoo Dinshaw, Outlandish Knight: The Byzantine Life of Steven Runciman (London: Allen Lane, 2016), p. 39; Cyril Connolly, Enemies of Promise (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1949 edition), pp. 192, 214.
32. Masterman, Chariot Wheel, p. 32.
33. Jeremy Lewis, Cyril Connolly (London: Cape, 1997), p. 118; A. J. Ayer, Part of my Life (London: Collins, 1977), pp. 59–60.
34. NA KV 2/4110, serial 467a, Skardon, ‘Interview with Murray Gladstone’, 26 November 1953.
35. Carter, Blunt, p. 3.
36. BL, Add Mss 88902/1, memoir of Anthony Blunt.
37. Footman, Dead Yesterday, pp. 157–8, 159, 163.
38. Ibid., p. 134; Worsley, Flannelled Fool, p. 47.
39. Footman, Dead Yesterday, pp. 142, 146; Worsley, Flannelled Fool, p. 45.
40. Carter, Blunt, p. 24.
41. BL, Add Mss 88902/1, memoir of Anthony Blunt; Louis MacNeice, The Strings are False (London: Faber & Faber, 1965), p. 95.
42. MacNeice, Strings, p. 97.
43. James Stourton, Kenneth Clark: Life, Art and Civilisation (London: Collins, 2016), pp. 20–2.
Chapter 8: The Cambridge Cell
1. Victor Madeira, Britannia and the Bear: The Anglo-Russian Intelligence Wars, 1917–1929 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2014), pp. 29, 43, 97.
2. Edward Pearce, The Golden Talking-Shop: The Oxford Union Debates Empire, World War, Revolution, & Women (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), p. 268; Cambridge, Wren Library, Trinity College, Dobb papers DD/44, ‘The Cultural Revolution in the USSR’, Dobb’s lecture at Bedford College, London, 1 October 1932; Cyril Connolly, The Condemned Playground (London: Routledge, 1945), p. 136; M. Y. Lang, ‘The Growth of the Student Movement’, in Carmel Haden Guest, ed., David Guest: A Scientist Fights for Freedom (1911–1938) (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1939), p. 87; W. H. Auden, Prose, vol. 2, ed. Edward Mendelson (London: Faber & Faber, 2002), p. 242.
3. Paul Valéry, Analects (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1970), p. 45; NA KV 2/4141, serial 128a, Skardon, ‘Interview with Mrs CURZON on 31.5.51’; James Stourton, Kenneth Clark: Life, Art and Civilisation (London: Collins, 2016), p. 30.
4. David Fowler, ‘“Student Power” at Worcester: The Undergraduate Career of Arthur Reade, a Student Revolutionary of the 1920s’, Worcester College Record (2010), pp. 91, 93.
5. Ibid., pp. 95-6; Lewis Farnell, An Oxonian Looks Back (London: Martin Hopkinson, 1934), p. 297.
6. NA KV 2/1540, serial 17a, W. A. [illegible] to Harker, 3 August 1928; serial 26a, Arthur Reade to Norman Ewer, 11 January 1930; serial 27a, Reade to Ewer, 14 January 1930.
7. Edward Sackville-West, ‘The Romantic Travellers’, Listener, 22 February 1951, pp. 297–8; Frances Partridge, Diaries, 1939–1972 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), p. 200.
8. Editorial, ‘Free Trips to Oxford for Selected Workers’, Plebs, 19 (April 1927), pp. 123–4.
9. Cambridge, Wren Library, Trinity College, Dobb papers DD/4, Dobb, ‘The Russian Revolution’, paper to Pembroke College’s Martlet Society, 1920.
10. Cambridge, Wren Library, Trinity College, Dobb papers DD/16, ‘Report on Russian Visit: Forgotten Reply to Keynes’, 1925.
11. Philip Toynbee, Friends Apart (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1954), p. 62.
12. Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Valerie Pearl and Blair Worden, eds, History and Imagination: Essays in Honour of H. R. Trevor-Roper (London: Duckworth, 1981), p. 358; Michael Burn, Turned towards the Sun: An Autobiography (Norwich: Michael Russell, 2003), p. 61.
13. Sir Bertram Falle, House of Commons debates, vol. 161, col. 2698, 20 July 1923; John Steegman, Cambridge: As It was and as It is Today (London: Batsford, 1940), p. 41.
14. C. W. Guillebaud, ‘Politics and the Undergraduate in Oxford and in Cambridge’, Cambridge Review, 55 (26 January 1934), p. 186; Noel Annan, The Dons: Mentors, Eccentrics and Geniuses (London: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 244.
15. Oxford, Christ Church archives, Dacre papers 17/1/2, Hugh Trevor-Roper to Lady Alexandra Howard-Johnston, 13 February 1954; Austin, Texas, Humanities Research Center, Francis King papers 2/4, Maurice Cranston to Francis King, 8 May 1954.
16. ‘The Case against Mr Tom Mann’, Manchester Guardian, 4 July 1934, p. 14; ‘Sedition!’, Manchester Guardian, 5 July 1934, p. 8.
17. ‘The Trenchard Plan’, Manchester Guardian, 12 May 1933, p. 8; ‘London Police Changes: Militarising the Force’, Manchester Guardian, 24 May 1933, p. 5; David Guest, ‘Democracy and the State’, Student’s Vanguard (June–July 1933), quoted in Haden Guest, David Guest, pp. 17–18.
18. James Ramsden, ed., George Lyttelton’s Commonplace Book (Settrington: Stone Trough, 2002), p. 102.
19. Geoff Andrews, Shadow Man: At the Heart of the Cambridge Spy Circle (London: I. B. Tauris, 2015), p. 36.
20. Patrick Seale and Maureen McConville, Philby: The Long Road to Moscow (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1973), p. 37.
21. Lang, ‘Growth of the Student Movement’, in Haden Guest, David Guest, pp. 91–3, 104–5.
22. Ibid., pp. 88-9.
23. F. C., ‘Conversations with Communists’, Cambridge Review, 56 (8 February 1935), p. 226; Cyril Connolly, The Missing Diplomats (London: Queen Anne Press, 1952), p. 17.
24. NA KV 2/4106, serial 317a, Note by Courtenay Young, 23 October 1951; NA KV 2/4138, serial 1560a, Guy Burgess to Sir Harold Nicolson, 1 February 1963.
25. Toynbee, Friends Apart, p. 61; R. W. Johnson, Look Back in Laughter: Oxford’s Post-War Golden Age (Newbury: Threshold Press, 2015), pp. 168–9.
26. Simon Haxey [Arthur Wynn and Peggy Moxon], Tory M.P. (London: Gollancz, 1939), p. 31.
27. NA KV 2/
4140, serial 6, Donald Maclean to William Ridsdale, 5 April 1950.
28. Mark DeWolfe Howe, ed., Holmes–Laski Letters: The Correspondence of Mr Justice Holmes and Harold Laski, 1916–1935, vol. 2 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953), p. 1063; F. M. Hardie, ‘Public Opinion: Pacifism and the Oxford Union’, Political Quarterly, 4 (April 1933), p. 268; NA KV 2/4036, serial 11xa, Peter Rhodes, ‘Oxford and Rearmament’, Isis, 11 March 1936; Mark A. Bradley, A Very Principled Boy: The Life of Duncan Lee, Red Spy and Cold Warrior (New York: Basic Books, 2014), p. 23.
29. Mary McCarthy, Novels and Stories, 1942–1963 (New York: Library of America, 2017), p. 111.
30. Jenifer Hart, Ask Me No More: An Autobiography (London: Peter Halban, 1998), p. 75; Nicola Lacey, A Life of H. L. A. Hart: The Nightmare and the Noble Dream (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 63–7.
31. Steegman, Cambridge, p. 97.
32. Sir Brian Harrison, ed., The History of the University of Oxford, vol. 8 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), pp. 377–81; Janet Morgan, ed., The Backbench Diaries of Richard Crossman (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1981), pp. 228–9; Jonathan Haslam, The Vices of Integrity: E. H. Carr, 1892–1982 (London: Verso, 1999), p. 175.
33. This paragraph follows Henry Hemming, M: Maxwell Knight, MI5’s Greatest Spymaster (London: Preface, 2017), pp. 99-103, 128-9, 169.
34. I owe this paragraph to material generously supplied by Geoff Andrews.
35. ‘Lord Lindsay of Birker’, Manchester Guardian, 19 March 1952, p. 4.
36. G. D. H. Cole, A History of Socialist Thought: Communism and Social Democracy, 1914–1931, vol. 4 (London: Macmillan, 1958), pp. 7–8; ‘Death of G. D. H. Cole’, Manchester Guardian, 15 January 1959, p. 3; Naomi Mitchison and Royden Harrison, ‘Appreciations’, Manchester Guardian, 19 January 1959, p. 4.
37. Robert Pearce, ed., Patrick Gordon Walker: Political Diaries, 1932–1971 (London: The Historians’ Press, 1991), pp. 57–9.
38. NA KV 2/4140, serial 19a, Top Secret, ‘CURZON’, J. C. Robertson, 30 April 1951.
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