38. Hinsley and Simkins, British Intelligence, vol. 4, pp. 306–7.
39. Ross, Foreign Office and Kremlin, p. 73; Jonathan Haslam, Near and Distant Neighbours: A New History of Soviet Intelligence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 106–7, 115.
40. Hinsley and Simkins, British Intelligence, vol. 4, p. 83.
41. Philip Jordan, Russian Glory (London: Cresset Press, 1942), pp. 24, 107–8.
42. Earl of Avon, The Eden Memoirs: The Reckoning (London: Cassell, 1965), pp. 287, 302–3; Pimlott, Dalton War Diaries, p. 341.
43. Ross, Foreign Office and Kremlin, pp. 106–7, 116–17; Anthony Glees, The Secrets of the Service: British Intelligence and Communist Subversion, 1939–1951 (London: Cape, 1987), pp. 44, 46; Jonathan Haslam, The Vices of Integrity: E. H. Carr, 1892–1982 (London: Verso, 1999), pp. 94–6, 108–10.
44. Ross, Foreign Office and Kremlin, pp. 128–30.
45. John Harvey, ed., The War Diaries of Oliver Harvey, vol. 2 (London: Collins, 1978), p. 219; Donald Gillies, Radical Diplomat: The Life of Archibald Clark Kerr, Lord Inverchapel, 1882–1951 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999), p. 141.
46. Glees, Secrets of Service, pp. 204–5.
47. ‘Mr Attlee and the “New Model Army”: Russia Parallels Cromwell’s Feat’, Manchester Guardian, 22 February 1943, p. 3; Ball, Churchill and Attlee, p. 356.
48. Ross, Foreign Office and Kremlin, p. 216.
49. Gorodetsky, Maisky Diaries, p. 487; Waugh, Sword of Honour Trilogy, pp. 495–6, 508; ‘Stalin the Great’, Listener, 16 December 1943, p. 688. The Sword of Stalingrad is now on display in a Volgograd museum devoted to the battle.
50. Tim Garton Ash, ‘Orwell’s List’, New York Review of Books, 25 September 2003; Danchev and Todman, Alanbrooke Diaries, p. 516.
51. Zbyněk Zeman and Antonin Klimek, The Life of Edvard Beneš, 1884–1948: Czechoslovakia in Peace and War (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), pp. 68, 272; Harvey, War Diaries of Oliver Harvey, pp. 378–9.
52. Sir Maurice Peterson, Both Sides of the Curtain (London: Constable, 1950), p. 259; Sir Owen O’Malley, The Phantom Caravan (London: John Murray, 1954), p. 228; Sir John Colville, The Fringes of Power: Downing Street Diaries, 1939–1955 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1985), p. 555.
53. Jordan, Russian Glory, p. 128.
54. Ross, Foreign Office and Kremlin, p. 198.
55. O’Malley, Phantom Caravan, pp. 230–1; DBPO, series 1, vol. 6 (London: HMSO, 1991), pp. 15–18.
56. Ibid., p. 79.
57. Sir William Dugdale, Settling the Bill (London: Endeavour, 2011), pp. 137–8.
58. Sir Victor Wellesley, Diplomacy in Fetters (London: Hutchinson, 1944), p. 141.
Chapter 12: The Desk Officers
1. NA KV 2/1181, serials 288b and 288c, ‘Bob Stewart’, 9 December 1943.
2. Genrikh Borovik (with Phillip Knightley), The Philby Files: The Secret Life of the Master Spy – KGB Archives Revealed (London: Little, Brown, 1994), pp. 208–9.
3. Patrick Seale and Maureen McConville, Philby: The Long Road to Moscow (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1973), p. 135.
4. Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Secret World: Behind the Curtain of British Intelligence in World War II and the Cold War, ed. Edward Harrison (London: I. B. Tauris, 2014), p. 79.
5. Seale and McConville, Philby, p. 132.
6. Kim Philby, My Silent War (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968), pp. 37, 167.
7. Seale and McConville, Philby, p. 164.
8. J. C. Masterman, The Case of the Four Friends: A Diversion in Pre-Detection (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1956), pp. 80-1.
9. Graham Greene, Collected Essays (London: Bodley Head, 1969), p. 418; Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Wartime Journals, ed. Richard Davenport-Hines (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012), p. 170; Anthony Cave Brown, Treason in the Blood: H. St. John Philby, Kim Philby and the Spy Case of the Century (London: Robert Hale, 1995), p. 291.
10. Oxford, Christ Church archives, Dacre papers 13/4, diary of Hugh Trevor-Roper, 25 November 1967.
11. NA KV 2/4169, serial 223a, ‘Copies of notes on meetings attended by SMOLLETT, found with BURGESS’ correspondence at Courtauld Institute of Art in November, 1951’: 1 February and 24 May 1942.
12. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Mss Eng c 6918, unpublished memoirs of Sir Patrick Reilly, ff. 204–5, 217.
13. NA KV 2/4140, serial 19a, Top Secret, ‘CURZON’, J. C. Robertson, 30 April 1951.
14. John Costello and Oleg Tsarev, Deadly Illusions (London: Century, 1993), p. 219; Charles Ritchie, The Siren Years: Undiplomatic Diaries, 1937–1945 (London: Macmillan, 1974), p. 56.
15. Lord Eccles, By Safe Hand: Letters of Sybil & David Eccles, 1939–42 (London: Bodley Head, 1983), pp. 254–5, 263.
16. Donald Gillies, Radical Diplomat: The Life of Archibald Clark Kerr, Lord Inverchapel, 1882–1951 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999), p. 217.
17. Frank Giles, Sundry Times: An Autobiography (London: John Murray, 1987), pp. 49, 52, 60.
18. Gillies, Radical Diplomat, p. 213.
19. Sir John Balfour, Not Too Correct an Aureole: The Recollections of a Diplomat (Wilton: Michael Russell, 1983), p. 113; NA KV 2/4150, serial 625a, George Carey-Foster to Dick White, 4 February 1953, enclosing George Middleton’s statement of 18 December 1952.
20. Sir Isaiah Berlin, Affirming: Letters, 1975–1997, ed. Henry Hardy and Mark Pottle (London: Chatto & Windus, 2015), p. 120.
21. Trevor-Roper, War Journals, p. 161.
22. NA KV 2/4111, serial 497a, Skardon, ‘JAMES POPE-HENNESSY’, 21 January 1954; James Lees-Milne, Ancestral Voices (London: Chatto & Windus, 1975), pp. 256-7; Cambridge, King’s College archives, NGA 5/1/290, Charles Fletcher-Cooke to Noël Annan, 25 November 1943; James Lees-Milne, Prophesying Peace (London: Chatto & Windus, 1977), p. 136.
23. KV 2/4109, serial 432a, Skardon, ‘Interview with William RIDSDALE on 8.12.52’, 11 December 1952.
24. Alan Maclean, No, I Tell a Lie, It was the Tuesday: A Trudge through the Life of Alan Maclean (London: Kyle Cathie, 1997), pp. 71–2.
25. Tom Bower, The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War, 1935–90 (London: Heinemann, 1995), p. 113.
26. Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev, The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives (London: HarperCollins, 1998), pp. 136–7.
27. Christopher Andrew, The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 (London: Allen Lane, 2009), p. 270.
28. Jonathan Haslam, Near and Distant Neighbours: A New History of Soviet Intelligence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), p. 127.
29. West and Tsarev, Crown Jewels, p. 153.
30. Malcolm Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time: The Infernal Grove (London: Collins, 1973), pp. 106–7; Bower, Perfect English Spy, p. 47; John Costello, Mask of Treachery: Spies, Lies, Buggery and Betrayal, the First Documented Dossier of Anthony Blunt’s Cambridge Spy Ring (New York: William Morrow, 1988), p. 390; Stephen Koch, Double Lives: Stalin, Willi Münzenberg and the Seduction of the Intellectuals (London: HarperCollins, 1995), p. 200.
31. British Library, Add Mss 88902/1, unpublished Blunt memoir, f. 50.
32. Goronwy Rees, A Chapter of Accidents (London: Chatto & Windus, 1972), p. 155; British Library, Add Mss 88902/1, ff. 51, 53.
33. N. J. Crowson, ed., Fleet Street, Press Barons and Politics: The Journals of Collin Brooks, 1932–1940 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1998), p. 52.
34. In this section I follow Stephen Roskill, Hankey: Man of Secrets, vol. 3 (London: Collins, 1974), chapters 12–15.
Chapter 13: The Atomic Spies
1. David Footman, Balkan Holiday (London: Heinemann, 1935), p. 97; Jonathan Haslam, Near and Distant Neighbours: A New History of Soviet Intelligence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), p. 140; NA KV 4/224, serial 3a, Alan Roger, ‘Top Secret Report on dealings with Russians’, 23 July 1944.
2. Oxford, Christ Church archives, Dacre 10/50, Cyril Mills to Hugh Dacre, 19 January 1985.
3. Gill Bennett, ‘The CORBY Case: The Defection of Igor Gouzenko,
September 1945’, in FCO Historians, From World War to Cold War: The Records of the FO Permanent Under-Secretary’s Department, 1939–51, http://issuu.com/fcohistorians/docs/pusdessays/3.
4. DBPO, series 1, vol. 11 (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 26–9, 66.
5. DBPO, series 1, vol. 6 (London: HMSO, 1991), p. 320.
6. Peter Broda, Scientist Spies: A Memoir of my Three Parents and the Atom Bomb (Kibworth Beauchamp: Matador, 2011), p. 100.
7. Eric Hobsbawm, Interesting Times: A Twentieth-Century Life (London: Allen Lane, 2002), p. 112; Broda, Scientist Spies, pp. 108–9.
8. Andrew Brown, The Neutron and the Bomb: A Biography of Sir James Chadwick (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 323.
9. Broda, Scientist Spies, p. 141.
10. Brown, Neutron and Bomb, p. 308.
11. DBPO, series 1, vol. 2 (London: HMSO, 1985), pp. 367, 525–6, 556–7.
12. Broda, Scientist Spies, p. 145; Cambridge, Churchill College archives, ACAD 1/15, diary of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 19 September 1945.
13. Broda, Scientist Spies, pp. 175–6.
14. Ibid., pp. 180–1.
15. Alan Moorehead, The Traitors: The Double Life of Fuchs, Pontecorvo and Nunn May (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1952), pp. 12, 26; Phillip Knightley, Philby: The Life and Views of the KGB Masterspy (London: André Deutsch, 1988), p. 187.
16. Moorehead, Traitors, pp. 44–5.
17. Robert Chadwell Williams, Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987), p. 29; Max Perutz, ‘Spying made easy’, London Review of Books, 25 June 1987, p. 6.
18. Tom Bower, The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War, 1935–90 (London: Heinemann, 1995), pp. 93–4; Brown, Neutron and Bomb, p. 252.
19. Ruth Werner, Sonya’s Report (London: Chatto & Windus, 1991), pp. 150, 244.
20. DBPO, series 1, vol. 6, pp. 64–5; Graham Ross, The Foreign Office and the Kremlin: British Documents on Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1941–45 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 227.
21. DBPO, series 1, vol. 2, pp. 530–1.
22. Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America – the Stalin Era (New York: Random House, 1999), p. 313.
23. Norman Moss, Klaus Fuchs: The Man Who Stole the Atom Bomb (London: Grafton, 1987), p. 200.
24. NA KV 2/2797, serial 373a, Report ‘Mrs Moody’, 15 September 1954.
25. Wilfrid Vernon, House of Commons debates, 8 October 1946, vol. 427, cols 121-2; NA KV 2/2202, serial 378b, ‘Stuart Havelock HOLLINGDALE – Interview with Edward Spence CALVERT’, 27 April 1953.
26. Oxford, Worcester College archives, WOR PRO 10/1/75, Richard Butler to Sir J. C. Masterman, 8 May 1953; Werner, Sonya’s Report, p. 278.
27. This section follows John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
28. NA KV 4/471, diary of Guy Liddell, 21 November 1949.
29. Alan Maclean, No, I Tell a Lie, It was the Tuesday: A Trudge through the Life of Alan Maclean (London: Kyle Cathie, 1997), p. 101.
30. Moss, Fuchs, pp. 69, 149.
31. Werner, Sonya’s Report, p. 303; NA KV 2/2796, minute 306, Evelyn McBarnet, 24 November 1950.
32. Graham Greene, Collected Essays (London: Bodley Head, 1969), p. 414.
33. ‘Ten Year Sentence on Estate Agent’, The Times, 17 May 1952, p. 3; Josh Ireland, The Traitors: A True Story of Blood, Betrayal and Deceit (London: John Murray, 2017), pp. 113–14; Markus Wolf, Man without a Face: Autobiography of Communism’s Greatest Spymaster (London: Cape, 1997), pp. 227–31.
34. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Hall, accessed 2 February 2017; Haynes and Klehr, Venona, pp. 314–17.
35. David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939–1956 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 217; Simon Ings, Stalin and the Scientists: A History of Triumph and Tragedy, 1905–1953 (London: Faber & Faber, 2016), p. 393.
Chapter 14: The Cold War
1. Crane Brinton, The United States and Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1945), p. 69; Angela Thirkell, Love among the Ruins (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1948), pp. 133–5, 190–1.
2. Oxford, Worcester College archives, Masterman papers, WOR PRO 10/1/128/1, Lord Normanbrook to Sir J. C. Masterman, 25 March 1965; Sir Dick White to Sir J. C. Masterman, 5 October 1967.
3. Christopher Andrew, The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 (London: Allen Lane, 2009), p. 321; Tom Buchanan, East Wind: China and the British Left, 1925–1976 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 56.
4. Cambridge, Churchill College archives, ACAD 1/15, diary of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 9 & 14 November 1945; Tom Bower, The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War, 1935–90 (London: Heinemann, 1995), p. 76.
5. DBPO, series 1, vol. 11 (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 36–7.
6. Oxford, Bodleian Library, papers of Lord Sherfield, vol. 483, Sir Edmund Hall-Patch to Roger Makins, 11 March 1946.
7. Patrick Howarth, Intelligence Chief Extraordinary: The Life of the Ninth Duke of Portland (London: Bodley Head, 1986), pp. 16–17, 59, 223; DBPO, series 1, vol. 6 (London: HMSO, 1991), p. 19.
8. Kim Philby, My Silent War (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968), pp. 84–5; Oxford, Bodleian Library, Mss Eng c 6918, unpublished memoirs of Sir Patrick Reilly, f. 211.
9. George Blake, No Other Choice: An Autobiography (London: Cape, 1990), p. 100.
10. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Mss Eng c 6918, Reilly, f. 239.
11. DBPO, series 1, vol. 11, p. 19.
12. Brian Stewart and Samantha Newbery, Why Spy? The Art of Intelligence (London: Hurst, 2015), p. 7; Calder Walton, Empire of Secrets: British Intelligence, the Cold War and the Twilight of Empire (London: Harper Press, 2013), p. 113. I am indebted to the latter source in the section that follows.
13. Wilfrid Vernon, House of Commons debates, 23 January 1948, vol. 446, cols 580-3; Buchanan, East Wind, pp. 106, 107, 109.
14. Walton, Empire of Secrets, p. 331.
15. DBPO, series 1, vol. 6, pp. 206–9.
16. DBPO, series 1, vol. 11, p. 101.
17. Ibid., pp. 76, 157.
18. Walton, Empire of Secrets, p. 115.
19. ‘Blood Runs in Palestine Violence’, Life, 12 August 1946, p. 22; David Leitch, ‘Explosion at the King David Hotel’, in Michael Sissons and Philip French, eds, Age of Austerity (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1963), p. 59.
20. Jonathan Haslam, The Vices of Integrity: E. H. Carr, 1892–1982 (London: Verso, 1999), p. 152.
21. DBPO, series 1, vol. 11, pp. 161, 254–5.
22. Mark A. Bradley, A Very Principled Boy: The Life of Duncan Lee, Red Spy and Cold Warrior (New York: Basic Books, 2014), pp. 136–8.
23. Ibid., p. 156.
24. Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America – the Stalin Era (New York: Random House, 1999), pp. 8, 18.
25. Thomas Hachey, ‘American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943’, Wisconsin Magazine of History, 57 (Winter 1973–4), p. 153.
26. Anon., Laurence Duggan, 1905–1948: In Memoriam (Stamford, Conn.: Overbrook Press, 1949), pp. ix–x, 78, 91.
27. Eleanor Roosevelt, ‘My Day’, in ibid., pp. 26–8.
28. NA KV 4/471, diary of Guy Liddell, 31 January & 11 April 1949.
29. Andrew, Defence of the Realm, p. 382; Norman Moss, Klaus Fuchs: The Man Who Stole the Atom Bomb (London: Grafton, 1987), pp. 202–3.
30. ‘Civil Service Purge’, Manchester Guardian, 4 May 1948, p. 3; ‘Security Tests for Ministers’, Observer, 12 March 1950, p. 5.
31. Andrew, Defence of the Realm, p. 384.
32. Phillip Knightley, Philby: The Life and Views of the KGB Masterspy (London: André Deutsch, 1988), pp. 135–6.
33. Ibid., p. 138.
34. DBPO, series 1, vol. 11, pp. 51–2.
35. Martin Pearce, Spymaster: The Li
fe of Britain’s Most Decorated Cold War Spy and Head of MI6, Sir Maurice Oldfield (London: Bantam, 2016), pp. 75–6; Alexander Foote, Handbook for Spies (New York: Doubleday, 1949), pp. 208, 228.
36. Evelyn Waugh, Scott-King’s Modern Europe (London: Chapman & Hall, 1947), pp. 64–5; Pearce, Spymaster, pp. 108–9.
Chapter 15: The Alcoholic Panic
1. Patrick Seale and Maureen McConville, Philby: The Long Road to Moscow (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1973), pp. 202–3.
2. Lord Bethell, The Great Betrayal: The Untold Story of Kim Philby’s Biggest Coup (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1984), p. 97; Lorna Almonds Windmill, A British Achilles: The Story of George, Second Earl Jellicoe (London: Pen & Sword, 2005), p. 119.
3. Richard Bassett, Last Imperialist: A Portrait of Julian Amery (Settrington: Stone Trough, 2015), pp. 137–42.
4. Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton, the CIA’s Master Spy Hunter (London: Simon & Schuster, 1991), p. 64.
5. William Waldegrave, A Different Kind of Weather: A Memoir (London: Constable, 2015), p. 99; Oxford, Bodleian Library, Mss Eng c 6920, ff. 252–3.
6. Cambridge, Churchill College archives, ACAD 1/15, diary of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 30 August & 1 September 1945; DBPO, series 1, vol. 6 (London: HMSO, 1991), p. 243; ‘Mr McNeil angers his own party’, Manchester Guardian, 12 August 1954, p. 1; ‘London Correspondence’, Manchester Guardian, 13 October 1955, p. 6.
7. DBPO, series 1, vol. 6, pp. 345, 346, 349.
8. NA KV 2/4110, serial 468a, G. R. Mitchell, ‘Philip Dennis PROCTOR’, 3 December 1953; James Lees-Milne, Ancestral Voices (London: Chatto & Windus, 1975), pp. 256–7.
9. Stewart Purvis and Jeff Hulbert, Guy Burgess: The Spy Who Knew Everyone (London: Backbite, 2016), pp. 208–9.
10. Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev, The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archive (London: HarperCollins, 1998), p. 176.
11. NA KV 2/4101, serial 21a, Vivian to Carey-Foster, Top Secret, 19 January 1950.
12. Sir Bernard Burrows, Diplomat in a Changing World (London: Memoir Club, 2001), p. 59.
13. Lord Greenhill of Harrow, More by Accident (privately printed, 1992), p. 73.
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