Enemies Within
Page 79
Bowle, John 181
Bowra, Sir Maurice 218, 264, 269
Boxer rebellion (1899–1901) 41
Boxshall, Edwin ‘Eddy’ 148, 253, 360
Boyd, Helen 365
Boyle, Andrew 465, 499, 529; The Climate of Treason 175, 264, 271, 398, 409, 464, 526, 529–31, 544
Brandt, Willy 510
Brasenose College, Oxford 218
Bratislava Declaration (1968) 504
Brest-Litovsk, treaty of (1918) 7, 181
Breuer, Marcel 163
Brewer, Eleanor (later Philby) 493
Brexit (British exit from European Union) xxv, 426, 548
Brickendonbury Hall, Hertfordshire, SOE training camp 275, 319
Bridge, Charles 57–8
Brighton 478
Brimelow, Sir Thomas (later Baron Brimelow) 506
Brinton, Crane 211, 269, 353, 392
Bristol 83, 95, 158, 339
Bristol Aeroplane Company 506
British American Tobacco Company 515
British Colonial Club 362
British Council 57–8
British Empire Union 56
British Fascists 161
British Medical Association (BMA) 474–5
British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association 163, 164
British School of Telegraphy 434
British Union of Fascists (Blackshirts) 156, 288, 344
Brittain, Sir Harry 277
Brittain-Jones, Joyce 360
Broadway Buildings, London, SIS headquarters 55, 364
Brockway, Fenner Brockway, Baron 152, 157, 159
Brook, Norman see Normanbrook, Norman Brook, 1st Baron
Brooke, Sir Alan (later 1st Viscount Alanbrooke) 76, 121, 287
Brooke, Christopher 537
Brooke, Henry (later Baron Brooke of Cumnor) 480
Brookner, Anita 520
Brooks, Collin 66, 74
Brooks’s (club) 292, 293
Brooman-White, Richard ‘Dick’ 273, 278, 310, 416, 444
Browder, Earl 259, 281, 282, 283, 286, 350, 365
Brown, Anthony Cave 499, 534, 537–8
Brown, George (later Baron George-Brown) 441, 451, 452, 482, 548
Brown, Sophie (née Levene; later Lady George-Brown) 452
Brown, W.J. ‘Bill’ 427, 440–41
Browne, Coral 487
Browne, H. Loftus 276
Broxbourne, Derek Walker-Smith, Baron 174
Bruce, David 280
Bruce Lockhart, Sir Robert 25, 58–9, 299
Brüning, Heinrich 266
Bucharest 22
Budapest 126, 206, 232
Buenos Aires, British embassy 441
Bukharin, Nikolai 33, 213
Bulganin, Nikolai 471, 482
Bulgaria 14–15, 22, 80, 302, 504
Bullard, Sir Julian 493, 506
Bullard, Margaret, Lady 493
Bullard, Sir Reader 14, 20, 116–17, 178, 184
Bullitt, William 28
Burbridge, A.F. 423–4
Burgess, Evelyn ‘Eve’ see Bassett, Evelyn ‘Eve’
Burgess, Guy: family background 189; birth 189; upbringing and schooling 173–6, 188, 189–91, 194–5, 254; early sexual encounters 190–91; at Cambridge 202, 205, 207, 225, 274, 306, 529, 531, 536–7, 538; politicization 202, 209, 427; converts Blunt to communism 227; recruited as Soviet agent 177, 246–8, 252; personal secretary to Tory MP 252; BBC talks producer 252, 253, 263, 270, 318, 319, 320; works for SIS 253–4, 255, 263, 270, 318–19, 473–4; and recruitment of Blunt and Cairncross as Soviet agents 256, 257, 264, 265–6, 421; materials passed to Soviets 263, 267, 306–7, 312–13, 319, 321, 323, 384; Soviet handlers’ treatment of 305–7; recruitment of Goronwy Rees as informant 264, 265–6, 266–7, 320; response to Nazi-Soviet pact and Drax’s mission to Moscow 266–7; works at Ministry of Information 318–19; training of SOE operatives 319, 426; wartime life in London 291–2, 320, 324–6, 530; and Philby’s recruitment to SIS 308, 318–19; and Peter Smolka 312–13, 318; dismissed from SIS 319; returns to BBC 319, 320; recruited as MI5 agent 319–20; offers to murder Rees 320; admission to Foreign Office 270, 271, 320; placement in News Department 320–21, 428; and Volkov affair 372; personal assistant to Hector McNeil 382–3; post-war espionage activities 374, 382–3, 384, 395; increasingly wild behaviour 383, 384–5, 386, 387–8, 396; brief secondment to FO Information Research Department 383–4; employed in Far Eastern Department 384, 428, 530; holiday in Tangier and Gibraltar 385–6; warned by Philby of VENONA evidence 347, 386; mounting fear of exposure 378, 386; posting to Washington embassy 386–8, 396, 419; recalled to London in disgrace 396; last days in England 396–9; defection 399–401; arrival in Soviet Union 401; life in Kuibishev 401–2; reactions to defection 76–7, 174, 309, 354, 357, 370, 401, 405–418, 425–6, 442, 464–7, 471–2, 545–6; security services’ interviewing of family and associates 412, 414–15, 463–4, 480–81; and Vladimir Petrov’s defection and revelations 438–9, 440, 471, 483; disappearance first discussed on British television 440–41; government publishes white paper on 443; parliamentary debate on disappearance 445–6, 447; circulation of MI5 discussion paper on disappearance 446–7; re-emergence in Moscow 472, 482; reaction to the re-emergence 472–4, 483; publication of views in Sunday Express 483; visited by mother 483; visited by Tom Driberg 483–4; publication of Driberg’s Guy Burgess: A Portrait with Background 484–6; life in Moscow 486–7, 488–9, 491; relations with Maclean 486–7, 489; response to Radcliffe report on security procedures 452–3; and Vassall spy case 477–8; views on EEC 507; death 498
Character & characteristics: adventurer 247–8; anti-Americanism 250, 489; anti-colonialism 188, 209; appearance and dress 252, 321, 384, 387; attraction to Marxism 8–9, 191, 202, 248, 249–50, 267, 427; caricaturist 388; club memberships 251, 384, 393; drinking 251, 321, 378, 384, 387, 388, 458; frivolity 485–6; irresponsibility 321, 384, 386; language skills 252; letter-writing 399; love of intrigue 384; mendacity 326; name-dropping 320, 386, 387; punctuality 190; recklessness 384–5, 386; rejection of English nationalism 188; relations with colleagues 116, 387; sexuality 247, 321, 325, 326, 387, 465, 467, 488, 529, 541–2; sleaziness 247, 251–2, 320, 384, 386; slovenliness 321, 384; smoking 387; unsporty 535; violent outbursts 320, 396
Burgess, Malcolm 189, 190
Burgess, Nigel 405
Burhop, Eric 407
Burlingham, Russell 528
Burma 42, 271, 272, 360, 361
Burn, Mary (earlier Booker) 384
Burn, Michael ‘Micky’ 202, 384–5
Burnaby, John 209
Burns, Emile, What is Marxism? 435
Burrows, Sir Bernard 387
Burt, Leonard 337, 464
by-elections: West Ham North (1911) 87; Edge Hill (1923) 109; Northampton (1928) 53; Oxford City (1938) 217; Greenock (1941) 382; Arundel and Shoreham (1954) 471
Bystrolyotov, Dimitri 125–6, 143, 145; and Ernest Oldham 125, 126–7, 128, 129, 130, 131; and Raymond Oake 132, 133; and John King 133
Cabinet Office 354, 503, 533; Central Policy Review Staff 274; Joint Intelligence Staff 479
Caccia, Harold (later Baron Caccia) 356
Cadogan, Sir Alexander: background and early life 428–9; PUS of Foreign Office 28, 60, 62, 66, 79, 82, 261, 371; and embassy security breaches 28; and Communications Department spies 140–41; and atomic spies 337; and post-war re-organization of security services 355, 357, 358; Permanent Representative to United Nations 392, 429; report on FO security arrangements following Burgess and Maclean defections 464–8, 478; Views on: Claude Dansey 60; Foreign Office tolerance of eccentricity 392; Francis Noel-Baker 382; St John Philby 184; state of post-war Britain 429
Cadogan, George Cadogan, 5th Earl 428–9
Caillard, Sir Vincent 40–41, 57, 240–41
Cairncross, John: family background and upbringing 176–7, 257; character and appearance 116, 177, 250, 257–8, 326, 377, 458, 517; at Cambridge 205, 227, 257; politicization 227, 249–50, 257; works for Foreig
n Office 257, 258; recruited as Soviet agent 176, 177, 257–8, 421; transferred to Treasury 258, 270; materials passed to Soviets 258, 306, 327–8, 331–2, 385, 421; Soviet handlers’ treatment of 305–7, 328, 332; private secretary to Lord Hankey 326–8, 382; wartime work at GC&CS 328; transferred to SIS political branch 328; returns to Treasury after war 331, 385; and Gouzenko defection 331–2; post-war espionage activities 40, 385, 401, 421; transferred to Ministry of Supply 421; primed by handler for counter-intelligence interrogations 421; identified as source of leaked documents 401, 421; under surveillance by security services 421; interrogated by MI5 421–2; leaves civil service 422; academic career in US 513; further questioned by MI5 following Philby defection 513; confession to Arthur Martin 513, 515; immunity from prosecution 546; identification as Fifth Man 328, 517, 544
Cairns, David Cairns, 5th Earl 387
Cairo 356, 375, 388; British embassy 388–9; Swedish embassy 518
Caldecote, Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount 169
Calvert, Edward 155
Camberley, Surrey 178
Cambridge 214, 333, 397
Cambridge Anti-War Council 224
Cambridge Left (magazine) 72, 222, 225, 249
Cambridge Review (magazine) 234
Cambridge Union debating society 215, 478
Cambridge University xxiii, 180, 237; admission of women 65, 202–3; compared to Oxford 203–4, 214–19; emigré dons 203; homosexuality at 218–19, 535, 537; security services’ investigations of 517–18, 535; undergraduates and communism 196–7, 199–202, 204–5, 208–9, 219–28, 518, 538; Workers’ Education Association scholarships 199, 206; see also Apostles; Cavendish Laboratory; Clare College; Corpus Christi College; Hawks’ Club; King’s College; Magdalene College; Newnham College; Pembroke College; Peterhouse; Pitt Club; Trinity College; Trinity Hall
Cambridge University Labour Club 207, 216
Cambridge University Socialist Club 207
Cambridge University Solidarity Committee 226
Cambridgeshire (parliamentary constituency) 207
Cameron, David 215
Cameron, James 455
Camp 020 (wartime interrogation centre) 290
Campbell, John Ross 98–100, 294
Campbell, Sir Ronald 388–9, 390, 391, 392
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 215
Canada 143, 158, 331, 334–5, 361, 518; Department of External Affairs 223, 518; Royal Canadian Mounted Police 331, 518; Royal Commission to Investigate Agents of a Foreign Power (1946) 332, 437; see also Montreal; Ottawa; Quebec
Canaris, Wilhelm 432
Canberra 438
Cardiff 185, 298
Cardiff High School 264
Carey-Foster, George 356–7, 386, 392, 395, 401, 410, 416, 418, 464, 467, 529
Carol II, King of Romania 81
Carr, E.H. 215, 296, 363, 493
Carter, Miranda, Anthony Blunt: His Lives 176, 256, 414, 486
cartography 38, 39, 41
Casement, Sir Roger 387
Castle, Barbara (later Baroness Castle of Blackburn) 479
Castle, John 36
Castro, Fidel 490
cataloguing and indexing of intelligence information 39, 46
Catherine II ‘the Great’, Empress of Russia 3
Catholicism 34, 202, 529, 538
Cato Street conspiracy (1820) 36
Cave Brown, Anthony see Brown, Anthony Cave
Cavendish, Anthony 400, 461, 543
Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge 203, 333, 340
Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor ‘Bill’ (later 9th Duke of Portland) 303, 357, 416
Cecil, Lord David 203
Cecil, Kathleen 389
Cecil, Robert 226, 389, 414, 468; A Divided Life: A Biography of Donald Maclean 176, 226
Centrosoyus (Central Union of Consumers’ Co-operative Societies) 158
Ceylon 360
Chadwick, Sir James 333–4, 335, 340–41, 358
Chain, Sir Ernst 203
Chamberlain, Sir Austen 119–20
Chamberlain, Neville 59, 104, 166, 182, 267–8, 301, 327, 424, 499; Munich agreement (1938) 170, 258, 260, 340, 361
Chambers, Whittaker 139–40, 237–8, 279, 286, 346–7, 364, 365–6, 394, 405
Chan, Michael (later Baron Chan) 543
Chapman-Andrews, Sir Edwin 391–2
Charleston, South Carolina 396
Charlton, Northamptonshire 214
Charterhouse (school) 179
Charteris, Leslie, Prelude to War 152
Chatham 83, 91, 160
Cheka (Soviet intelligence agency) 11–13, 20–21, 23–4, 50, 86, 90; executions 13, 19, 24
Cheltenham, GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) 358, 387, 413, 524, 533
Cheltenham College 167
Cheltenham Grammar School 450
Chesham House, London (Soviet legation) 92, 150
Chicago Tribune 408
Chicherin, Georgy 52
Chidson, Montagu ‘Monty’ 263–4, 267
China 14, 22, 26; Boxer rebellion 41; communist revolution xxviii, 103; Sino-Japanese war 355; under Mao 341, 359–60, 370, 483, 502; and Korean war 393; Sino-Soviet split 513
China Aid Council (US aid agency) 282
China Campaign Committee (British communist organization) 359
Christ Church, Oxford 31, 68, 202, 254, 282, 314
Christian Science Monitor 366
Christiansen, Arthur 471
Christie, Dame Agatha 163
Church of England 182–3, 221
Churchill, Mary (later Baroness Soames) 320
Churchill, Randolph 291, 429
Churchill, Sir Winston: character and beliefs 63, 66–7, 72, 316; Home Secretary 84; and Syme case 84; Secretary of State for War 53; Chancellor of the Exchequer 63, 72; speech to Anti-Socialist Union (1933) 66–7; visits All Souls 266; First Lord of the Admiralty 293; wartime Prime Minister 77, 269, 270, 274, 291, 297, 299, 300, 301, 327, 335, 410; and security services 269, 270, 289; visits Moscow (1942) 316; Yalta and Potsdam conferences 300–301, 302; peacetime Prime Minister 170, 370, 382, 438; and Daily Express and Sefton Delmer 433, 434; retirement 438
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency): replaces OSS 377; and VENONA project 346, 377; London liaison office 363–4; Philby as SIS liaison 377, 380; joint operation with SIS in Albania 378–9, 413, 522; and Philby’s defection 497
Cimperman, John 468
cipher systems see cryptography
circulating file, use of 17, 78–9
circuses 271, 272
City of London Police 84–5, 104, 106
Clanmorris, John Bingham, 7th Baron 525–6
Clanmorris, Madeleine, Lady 543
Clarac, Louise and Madeleine 149
Clare College, Cambridge 450
Clark, Kenneth Clark, Baron 72, 195, 197
Clark Kerr, Sir Archibald see Inverchapel, Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron
Clarke, Sir Ashley 464
classical education, of Foreign Office staff 78
Clement-Scott, Joan (Jane Footman) 252
Cleveland, Ohio, Western Reserve University 513
Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire 212
CLIMBER, Operation (infiltration of Soviet Georgia; 1948) 374
Cliveden House, Buckinghamshire 87, 214
clubs and clubland (London) 65, 251, 291, 292–3, 313; see also Army and Navy Club; Athenaeum; British Colonial Club; Brooks’s; Garrick Club; Lansdowne Club; Reform Club; Royal Automobile Club; St James’s Club; Travellers Club; United Services Club; White’s
Clutterbuck, Sir Peter 332
Coates, Wells 163
Coblenz, Rhineland High Commission 133
code-breaking see cryptography
Codrington, William 141–2, 356
Cohen, Sir Andrew 211, 519, 520
Cohen, Rose 93, 105, 112
Cohen, Stanley 420, 425
COI (US Office of Co-ordination of Information) 280, 281, 284
Cole, G.D.H. 87, 217–18
C
ollard, Dudley 167–8, 169, 212, 275, 276–7, 282
collectivization, agricultural 17, 208, 228
Collier, John 118
Cologne 433
Colville, Sir John ‘Jock’ 401, 421, 433
Colvin, Ian 432–3
Comber, Co. Down 540
Comey, James xxv–xxvi
Comintern (Third Communist International) 15–16, 21, 49, 94, 157, 209, 249, 293, 295
Committee of Imperial Defence 70, 244, 258, 326; industrial intelligence sub-committee (FCI) 149
Commonwealth of England 35, 214, 298
Communications Department see Foreign Office Communications Department
Communications Electronic Security Group (GCHQ) 358
Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB): foundation 18, 49, 88; and Bolshevik revolution 18–19, 52–3; and Comintern 15; meetings and rallies 52–3, 99; security services’ burglary and bugging of offices 56, 73, 322; MI5’s sources in 484; and Ewer–Hayes spy network 93, 94; and Glading spy network 158, 166, 167, 168; and Oxford and Cambridge universities 199, 204–5, 210, 215–16, 224, 517, 538; and Second World War 288, 289, 293–4, 295, 322; and atomic spies 333, 334, 344; and Cold War 356, 369; and suppression of Hungarian uprising 485
Communist Party of the USA (CPUSA) 212, 259, 279–86, 307
compartmentalization (character trait) 310–311, 343–4, 486
Concorde (jet aircraft) 506
Connaught, Prince Arthur, Duke of 338
Connolly, Cyril 175, 176, 189, 197, 374; on Burgess and Maclean 175, 245–6, 393–4
Connolly, James 159
Conquest, Robert 210, 305–6
Conrad, Joseph, The Secret Agent 46
Constantini, Francesco 26, 124, 362
Cooke, William Hinchley 67
Cooper, Duff (later 1st Viscount Norwich) 79–80, 459–60
Copenhagen 89, 242, 244
Copa-Mic & Cugir (steel and armaments company) 148
Cormac, Rory, The Black Door 533
Cornford, John 223–4, 227, 250, 518, 538, 541
Cornforth, Kitty (née Klugmann) 207–8, 219
Cornforth, Maurice 202, 207–8, 221, 226
Cornwell, David see le Carré, John
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 271, 450
Costello, John 178, 243, 325, 499, 534, 535–7, 544
Costley-White, Harold 180, 181
Cotesworth, Ralph 120, 146
Courcel, Baron Alphonse Chodron de 428
Courcel, Baron Geoffroy Chodron de 428
Courcel, Martine Chodron de 452
Courtauld Institute of Art, London 256, 374, 414, 513, 520