Enemies Within
Page 84
Character & characteristics: anti-materialism 237, 250; appearance and dress 237, 245, 380; atheism 8–9, 181–2, 380; attraction to Marxism 8–9, 181, 248, 249–50; childhood enthusiasms 180; club memberships 251, 393; compartmentalization of life 310–311; conversationalist 312; drinking 374, 378, 379–80, 381, 458, 491, 514–15; efficiency 310, 380; enjoyment of deceit 184–5, 237; handwriting 311; industriousness 310; intellect and mental agility 310–311, 312; language skills 206, 236; masculinity 237; musical interests 180, 206; phobias 237; rejection of English nationalism 237; relations with colleagues 380; relations with women 175, 374; risk-taking 311; ruthlessness 379; stammer 178–9, 420, 493; vanity 237; wanderlust 206
Philby, May 178
Philby, Miranda 308, 492
Philby, St John 177, 178, 184–5, 308, 494
Philby: The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation (Sunday Times Insight Team; 1968) 175, 499, 501–2
Philipps, Wogan (later 2nd Baron Milford) 251–2
Phillimore, Godfrey Phillimore, 2nd Baron 206
Phillimore, Claud Phillimore, 4th Baron 206
Phillips, William 71
Phipps, Sir Eric 74, 259–61, 427
Picasso, Pablo 520
Pieck, Hans 132–6, 141, 143, 144, 145–6, 250
Pigou, Arthur 518, 535
Pilsen, Škoda factory 125–6, 148
Pincher, Chapman 297, 441–2, 452, 465, 499, 508, 528, 540, 541–4; Their Trade is Treachery 532; Too Secret Too Long 541; Traitors 541–2, 543
Pitt Club (Cambridge University) 531
Pitt-Rivers, Michael 469–70
Platts-Mills, John 354, 360
Plebs, The (magazine) 199, 200
Poland 9–10, 14; munitions works 11; Nazi invasion 267, 270; Soviet invasion and communist takeover 9, 214, 267, 270, 301, 302–3, 504
police: spending 55, 56, 84, 85; strikes (1918–19) 54, 84–6, 91; see also City of London Police; Metropolitan Police
Police Act (1919) 85
Police Federation 85, 205
Police Review (magazine) 109
Political Warfare Executive (PWE) 299, 302, 431
Pollard, A.F. 215
Pollard, Graham 154, 215–16, 369
Pollitt, Harry 93, 112, 152, 156, 157, 162, 204, 294
Pollock, Peter 326, 463
Pompidou, Claude 452
Ponsonby of Shulbrede, Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron 238–9
Pontecorvo, Bruno 370, 407, 410
Pool, Phoebe 519, 520
Pope-Hennessy, James 320, 326, 397, 458, 463
Popish Plot (1678–9) xxiv, 533
Poretsky, Elizabeth 22–3, 123, 128
Port Arthur, battle of (1904) 164
Port Lympne, Kent 460
Portland spy ring xxviii, 450, 477, 495
Portsea, Bertram Falle, 1st Baron 203
Portsmouth 189; Royal Navy yards 45–6, 160, 483
Portugal 80, 188, 311, 490
positive vetting (PV) 46–8, 69, 271, 356, 368, 370–71, 416, 465
Post Office: Censor’s Office 46; Deciphering Branch 46
Postan, Sir Michael 75, 203
Potsdam conference (1945) 300–301
Powell, Anthony 190, 548–9
Poyntz, Juliet 307
Prague 16, 148, 232, 300, 399; Soviet trade mission 125–6
Pratt, Sir John 411–12
Pravda (newspaper) 300, 432; forgery 90–91, 110
Price, Mary 282–3, 284, 365
Price, Morgan Philips 427
Priestley, Frank 158–9
Pritt, Denis 31–2, 204, 360, 423; defence of communist spies 157, 167, 168, 169
Private Eye (magazine) 526
Proctor, Sir Dennis 251, 322, 384, 538
Profumo affair (1963) 454–5
Pronto Agency (news agency) 241
Protectorate of England 35, 214, 298
Proust, Marcel 198, 254, 486
Prussia 37, 41, 48
Pryce-Jones, Alan 485–6
Pujol Garcia, Juan (agent GARBO) 273, 533
puritanism 183, 208, 214, 218, 396
Putin, Vladimir 12, 239
Putlitz, Wolfgang zu 431, 433
Pyle, Dolly 161
Quai d’Orsay (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 102, 428
Quebec 340, 530
Quelch, Thomas 158–9
Quine, John 450–51
Quinlan, Brian 142, 143
racism and condescension to foreigners 24–5, 42, 79–80, 123, 203, 549; see also exceptionalism, English
Radcliffe, Cyril Radcliffe, 1st Viscount 451–2; Report on Security Procedures in the Public Service (1962) 452–3, 477
Radek, Karl 12
Radio Security Service 372, 523
Radlett, Hertfordshire 450
Rado, Alexander 374–6
RAE see Royal Aircraft Establishment
Rakovsky, Khristian 94
Ramsay, David 150
Ramsbotham, Peter (later 3rd Viscount Soulbury) 431
Raphael, Frederic 529
rationing and shortages, post-war 353–4, 358, 429
Rawdon-Smith, Patricia (later Baroness Llewelyn-Davies of Hastoe) 324, 325
Reade, Arthur 186, 196, 197–8, 219, 275–6, 277
Reading, Gerald Isaacs, 2nd Marquess of 467
Reckitt, Eva 94, 163
Red Army: 25th anniversary celebrations 298–9; wartime atrocities 303–4
red scares 51–4, 56, 72, 288, 355–6, 361–2, 364–71, 383
Redesdale, David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron 238
Redl, Alfred 69
Reed, Sir Carol 493
Reed, John 371, 372, 380
Reed, Ronnie 409; ‘The Disappearance of Burgess and Maclean’ discussion paper 446–7
Rees, Goronwy: family background and early life 264, 531; character and personal life 264–5, 325–6, 412, 458–9, 462; politics and views 81, 264–5, 473; Fellow of All Souls 264–5, 412, 521; as Soviet informant 264, 265–7, 320, 393, 412; and Burgess and Maclean defections 397, 400–401, 406, 412, 416; placed on watch-list 410; interviewed by security services 412–13; accusations and denunciations made 413, 521, 523, 530; and re-emergence of Burgess and Maclean in Moscow 472–4
Rees, Margaret 406
Rees, Richard 264
Reform Club 251, 291, 292, 382, 384, 397, 414, 528
refugees: in 19th-century London 36–7; from Nazi Germany 135; Jews and socialists in 1930s Vienna 155, 233
Reich, Wilhelm 162
Reif, Ignaty 243
Reilly, Sir Patrick: Fellow of All Souls 266; as FO SIS liaison 59, 118, 313–14, 357, 389; wartime life in London 325; post-war workload 358–9; vetoes Philby as potential future chief of SIS 381, 503–4; on Maclean’s declining behaviour and appearance 388, 395; and Burgess and Maclean defections 409, 410; views on Philby’s guilt 418; gives evidence to Cadogan committee 464; and Edward Crankshaw 485, 488; Ambassador to Soviet Union 488; and Andrew Boyle’s The Climate of Treason 530
Reiss, Ignace 22–3, 137, 145, 236
Relief Committee for Victims of German Fascism 154, 221
Remarque, Erich Maria, All Quiet on the Western Front 220
Rendel, Sir George xxvii
Rendlesham Hall, Suffolk 127, 129
Rennie, Sir John 506
Republikanischer Schutzbund (Austrian Republican Defence Association) 232–3
Reşiţa (armaments conglomerate) 148
Reuters (press agency) 241
Revai, Andrew 319
Reventlow, Count Eduard 428
Reynolds, John 469–70
Reynolds, Kitty 86
Reynolds News 483–4
Rhineland, Nazi remilitarization (1936) 153
Rhineland High Commission, Inter-Allied 133
Rhodes, Peter 153, 212–13, 262, 280, 285, 365, 457
Rhodes scholars 94, 211–14, 216, 282
Rhodesia 361
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 180
Ribbentrop, Rudolf von 180–81
Richmond, Surre
y 344
Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, The Sun Box (Kim Philby’s temporary home) 419, 420
Ridler, Horace 272
Ridolfi, Roberto di 34
Ridsdale, Sir William 313, 320–21, 428, 447, 494
Riga, SIS station 60, 99
Riga, treaty of (1921) 9
Rimington, Dame Stella 65
Ritchie, Charles 315, 460–61
Roberts, Sir Frank 3, 332, 434
Robertson, E.J. ‘Robbie’ 407
Robertson, J.C. 416–17
Robertson, Thomas ‘Tar’ 130, 141, 155, 255
Robertson, Sir William 42
Roger, Alan 73, 330, 422, 461–2
Röhm, Ernst 244
Romania 14, 81, 148; Soviet takeover 302; see also Bucharest
Romanov dynasty 3, 8, 12; overthrow 7, 8–9, 48
Rome, British embassy 26–7, 28, 362
Room 22 see Foreign Office Communications Department, Room 22
Room 40 see Admiralty, Room 40
Roosevelt, Eleanor 366, 367–8
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 139, 280, 300–301, 335
Roosevelt, Kermit 396
Roosevelt Longworth, Alice 318
ROP see Russian Oil Products Ltd
Rosenbaum, Erna 392
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel 396
Rossall School 174
ROSTA (Soviet news agency) 93
Rothermere, Esmond Harmsworth, 2nd Viscount 462, 471
Rothschild, Dame Miriam 319, 397
Rothschild, Teresa ‘Tess’, Baroness (née Mayor) 320, 324, 401
Rothschild, Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron 271, 274–5, 286–7, 293, 319, 322, 324, 384, 401, 495, 532, 538
Rothstein, Andrew 93, 98, 163, 164
Rothstein, Theodore 50–51, 535
Rouault, Georges 194
Rowse, A.L. 266
Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough (RAE) 154, 155–7, 344
Royal Albert Hall, London: CPGB rally (1920) 52–3, 99; ‘Red Army’ demonstration (1943) 298
Royal Army Medical Corps 155
Royal Automobile Club 397
Royal Commission on the Press (1947–9) 407
Royal Commission on the Private Manufacture of Armaments (1935–6) 153, 167
Rublatt, Vera 26
Rugby School 179
Ruhleben internment camp 460
Rumbold, Sir Anthony 393
Runciman, Sir Steven 222
Russell, Bertrand Russell, 3rd Earl 205, 537
Russell Cooke, Margaret (later Harker) 89
Russell Cooke, Sidney ‘Cookie’ 89–90, 105, 111
Russia To-day (newspaper) 154
Russia, Tsarist 3, 4–6, 7, 8, 10–11, 12, 39–40; Crimean war (1853–6) 38; see also Soviet Union
Russian Oil Products Ltd (ROP) 158–9, 167, 288
Russian Orthodox Church 8
Russian War Relief (US aid agency) 282
Rutherford, Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron 203
Rycroft, Charles 223–4, 256, 383, 478
Ryle, Gilbert 320
sabotage, industrial xxvi, xxviii, 32, 143, 158–9, 167, 506; Soviet fears of xxvi, 17, 30, 32, 158
sabotage and counter-sabotage: Second World War 274, 287, 288, 308, 309, 426, 521; Cold War 506
Sacco, Nicola 408
Sackville-West, Edward (later 5th Baron Sackville) 198–9
St Albans, Osborne Beauclerk, 12th Duke of 80
St Albans, Charles Beauclerk, 13th Duke of 493–4
St Anne’s College, Oxford 519
St Edmund Hall, Oxford 218, 450
Saint Jacut de la Mer, France 226
St James’s Club 121, 298
Saint Malo 399
Saint Nazaire raid (1942) 384
St Paul’s School, London 255, 463
Sakharov, Andrei 350
Salazar, António de Oliveira 490
Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of 39, 40, 397, 548
Salter, Sir Arthur 266
Salzburg Music Festival 479
Samara (Kuibishev) 401–2
San Francisco 524
Sandys, Duncan (later Baron Duncan-Sandys) 442
Sanlúcar la Mayor, José María Ruiz de Arana y Bauer, Duque de 428
Sargent, Sir Orme ‘Moley’ 261, 371, 372–3
Sassoon, Sir Philip 460
Saudi Arabia 184
Savage, Percy 45–6
Savoy Hotel, London 494
Sax, Saville 350–51
Sayle, Murray 502
Schneider-Creusot (armaments company) 11
schools, and character formation 173–4, 179, 186–7, 188–9, 189–90, 194–5, 254
Scientific Advisory Committee 327–8
Scott, Sir Harold 464
Scott-Hopkins, Sir James 540
SDECE (French intelligence agency) 399, 401
Seale, Patrick, Philby: The Long Road to Moscow 184
Seaman, Don 406
Sebag Montefiore, Simon 30
Sebestyen, Victor 5, 10
Second World War: outbreak 139, 141, 269–70; Nazi invasion of Netherlands 145, 264, 449, 531; fall of France 308, 315; Dunkirk evacuation 288, 291, 298, 315; Italian entry 288, 315; internment of enemy aliens 71, 287, 288, 290, 340, 407; German bombing raids on England 145, 273, 290, 291–2, 294, 324, 325, 333; Nazi invasion of Soviet Union 284, 294–5; Pearl Harbor attack and United States entry 279, 284, 355, 536; Saint Nazaire raid 384; Anglo-Soviet treaty (1942) 275, 295–7, 301, 313; battle of Kursk 328; D-Day landings 324; Yalta and Potsdam conferences 170, 300–301, 302; Soviet victory 301–4, 306; US atomic bombings of Japan 335, 342–3
Secret Intelligence Service see SIS
Secret Service Committee 49, 54
Secret Service Vote 55
Security Intelligence Middle East see SIME
Security Service see MI5
Seditious Meetings Act (1817) 204
Seitz, Karl 229, 232
Selfridge’s, London (department store) 298
Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, nuclear tests 351–2, 370
Sempill, William Forbes-Sempill, 19th Lord xxviii
Serbia 7, 206; see also Belgrade; Yugoslavia
Serpell, Michael 345
Seven Years’ war (1756–63) 37
sex discrimination and inequality xxvi, 63–6, 116, 255, 292, 453–4, 547; see also misogyny
Sexual Offences Act (1967) 511
Shakespeare, William 524
Shawcross, Sir Hartley (later Baron Shawcross) 338–9
Sheffield 150, 298
shell crisis (1915) 147
Sheppard, Sir John 218
Shergold, Bevis 450
Shergold, Harold 450–51
Sheridan, Clare 90, 98
Sheridan, Leslie 308
Sherriff, R.C., Journey’s End 220
Shinwell, Emanuel (later Baron Shinwell) 451, 452
Shipp, Cecil 541
Shrewsbury School 179
Shuckburgh, Sir Evelyn 441, 500–501
Shuster, William, The Strangling of Persia 209
Sidmouth, Henry Addington, 1st Viscount 36, 204
Sillitoe, Sir Percy: Chief Constable of Kent 355; Director General of MI5 345, 355, 362, 363, 369, 380, 420, 483; inspection and assessment of security in overseas territories 359, 361; and Burgess and Maclean defections 394–5, 401, 406–8; press attacks on 407–8
Silver Crescent, The (Trinity Hall magazine) 225
Silvermaster, Gregory 284–5, 364–5, 457
Silvermaster, Helen 285, 365
SIME (Security Intelligence Middle East) 374, 450, 540, 543
Simkins, Anthony 417
Simon, Brian 478
Simon, Jocelyn ‘Jack’ (later Baron Simon of Glaisdale) 219–20
Simon, Sir John (later 1st Viscount Simon) 133, 238, 243, 265, 266, 410–411, 442
Simpson, Wallis (later Duchess of Windsor) 169
Sinclair, Sir Hugh ‘Quex’ 60, 61, 105, 309
Sinclair, Sir John ‘Sinbad’ 293
, 357, 380–81, 438, 483, 504
Singapore 361, 540, 543
Sinn Fein 43
SIS (Secret Intelligence Service; MI6): origins and formation 43, 44–5, 147; remit 45, 49, 70, 161; size 46; budgets and financing 55, 313; during First World War 46; cuts following Armistice 55–6; officers deployed as ‘passport control officers’ 59–60, 135, 253; formation of Section VI (economic section) 148–9; Guy Burgess works for 253–4, 263, 270, 318–19, 473–4; Second World War operations 263–4, 267, 270, 297, 308, 309, 313–14, 319, 449, 467; rivalry with MI5 287; D-notice press censorship of activities 430, 442; Kim Philby works for 270, 271, 305, 308–314, 318–19, 349, 377, 418–19, 492–3, 503–4; Graham Greene works for 349; John Cairncross works for 328; post-war reorganization 357–8; liaison with American security services 363–4, 377, 380; and VENONA decrypts 377; joint operation with CIA in Albania 378–9, 413, 522; William Marshall works for 434–5; and Burgess and Maclean defections 399, 400, 401, 412, 418; suspicions and investigation of Philby 418–19, 444, 492, 495–6; denigration of service following Burgess and Maclean defections 453–7, 501–4; George Blake works for 448–51; Ordzhonikidze mission and disappearance of ‘Buster’ Crabb 482–3; and Philby’s defection 512; joint MI5 investigation of alleged penetration 516