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Midnight at the Pera Palace_The Birth of Modern Istanbul

Page 44

by Charles King

modern European history accelerated under, 194

  nation-building and, 194

  rejection of, 230

  secularism of, 182–84, 186–89, 277

  see also Turkish nationalists

  Kenkulian, Hrant (Udi Hrant), 162, 165–67, 169, 170, 172, 175, 229, 334

  Keriman, Halis, 259–63, 261, 267, 277, 375

  Kessel, Dmitri, 272

  Kiev, 105

  Kılıç Ali Pasha mosque, 269

  Kitab-ı bahriye (Pirî Reis), 18

  Knatchbull-Hugessen, Hughe, 294, 312–13

  Kofakos (Greek hotelier), 127

  Koki and Niko’s, 100–101, 105

  Kollek, Teddy, 314, 331

  Korea, 371

  Krauss, Josef, 297

  Krupp, 42

  Kumkapı (neighborhood), 62, 165

  Kurds, Kurdistan, 31, 34, 75, 186, 191, 194

  aerial attacks on, 186

  rebellions among, 227

  Ladino language, 60, 61, 118, 374

  Ladyzensky, Colonel, 99

  “La Gioconda and Si-Ya-U” (Nâzım Hikmet), 228

  Lale (singer), 170

  Lausanne, Treaty of, 114–15, 120–25

  Lawrence, T. E., 37

  League of Nations, 115, 116, 122, 150, 330

  Le Corbusier, 27

  Lenin, Vladimir, 93, 98, 101, 115–16, 224, 227, 235–36, 248

  Leopold II, king of Belgium, 24

  Levantines, 69, 260, 350–51, 375

  Libya, 34, 53

  Lincoln, Abraham, 22–23

  Litvinov, Maxim, 310

  Livadia Palace, 94, 105

  London, 14, 94, 139, 173, 246

  Long, Breckinridge, 326–27

  Ludovic, Edouard and Emanuel, 321, 323

  Macedonia, 34, 192

  Macfarland, Lanning “Packy,” 308–9, 312, 337

  Makarov, Sasha, 100, 105

  Malaya, 86

  Malta, 57, 74, 115, 212

  Maritsa River, 299

  Marmara, Sea of, 14, 15, 35, 44, 79, 82, 99, 165, 195, 219, 222, 238, 239, 293, 324, 363, 376

  Marmara Taksim Hotel, 196

  Marx, Karl, 223, 226, 238

  Maslak, 84

  Matisse, Henri, 272–73

  Maxim club, 5, 138, 140–42, 173, 178

  Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 228, 230

  Mediterranean Sea, 15, 36, 59, 69, 71, 164, 189, 268, 275

  Medovi, Nicolaus, 297

  Mefkûre, 361–63, 344

  Megali Idea, 71

  Mehmed I, Sultan, 229

  Mehmed II, Sultan, 16, 21, 43, 270, 285

  Mehmed V, Sultan, 34, 35, 43

  Mehmed VI, Sultan, 45, 51, 55, 65, 73, 103, 223

  as caliph, 43, 85–86

  deposing of, 4–5, 85–87, 91, 114, 136, 146, 180–82

  Ottoman breakup accepted by, 74–78, 84

  weakness of, 35, 81, 83, 173

  Meisterwerke muhammedanischer Kunst, 273

  Meletios IV, patriarch, 119, 126

  Menderes, Adnan, 197, 371–72

  Menemenciolu, Numan, 348–49, 354

  Mensheviks, 98–99, 226

  Mercader, Caridad, 250–51

  Mercader, Ramón, 250–51

  Mesopotamia, 36, 39, 75

  Merutiyet (Constitution) Avenue, 129, 318; see also Graveyard Street

  Mexico City, 244, 250–52, 255

  Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 228, 230

  Meyers Guide, 144

  meyhanes (taverns), 142–43, 164

  Middle East, 295, 298, 350

  Midhat (public prosecutor), 158–59

  millet system, 58–59, 120, 123

  Milliyet (The Nation), 193–94, 197, 204–5

  Milne, George, 42, 51–52, 74, 78, 83

  Minsky, Yakov, 236–37, 247

  Miss Turkey competition, 254, 256–61, 267, 297

  Miss Universe competition, 260–63, 277

  Moda, 95, 96, 239, 297

  Montreux Convention, 291

  Morina, 361–63

  Moscow, 102, 105, 116, 117, 139–40, 227, 232, 247, 249, 250

  Nâzım Hikmet in, 226–27

  mosques, 20, 123, 187–88, 189, 269, 378

  churches converted to, 268, 270

  imperial, 49, 51

  Moulin Rouge club (Mulenruj), 161

  movies, 155–60

  democratizing influence of, 158–59

  Turkish, 157, 213, 220, 257–58, 263

  Mudanya accord, 82–83, 85

  Mudros armistice, 40, 53, 57, 72, 74, 75, 82, 113, 114, 184

  muezzins, 187–88

  muhacirs (forced migrants), 32

  Muhammad, Prophet, 10, 43, 135, 179

  Muhayye, Misbah, 128–30, 131, 303, 317, 369–70, 377

  Muhiddin, Nezihe, 204, 206

  Muhlis Sabahattin, 157

  Murder on the Orient Express (Christie), 118, 235, 373

  music, 5, 155–75

  in Ankara, 194

  genres of Turkish, 161

  in Istanbul’s nightlife, 136–38, 141–42

  loss and longing portrayed in, 162

  recorded, 161–75

  Muslims, xiii, 44, 49, 61, 72, 80–81, 124, 137, 162, 179, 222, 229, 301, 305, 374

  Allied condemnation of, 43

  antinationalist, 119

  bathing areas of, 99

  Bolsheviks and, 43

  Byzantium and, 274

  compulsory exile of, 120–23

  discontents of, 64–66

  education for women among, 207–8

  expanding wealth of, 61

  from Black Sea coast, 107

  intellectuals, 259

  in Istanbul, 45, 58, 73–74, 194

  polygamy among, 207

  reaction to Allied invasion by, 41, 65–66

  as refugees to Istanbul, 32, 34, 41, 43, 49–50, 91–92, 171

  secular, 350

  in Turkish nationalism, 55, 80–81, 118, 126, 152, 190–91, 211–12

  Turkish-speaking, 62, 71, 75, 162, 277

  Unionists and, 37

  women, see women, Muslim

  see also Islam

  Mussolini, Benito, 286, 292, 307

  Mustafa III, Sultan, 19

  Mustafa Kemal, see Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal

  Mustafa Suphi, 225–27

  Mutlugün, Reat, 304–5

  My Life (Trotsky), 240, 242–43

  Nabokov, Vladimir, 94

  Nadir Aa (eunuch), 147

  Nagelmackers, Georges, 22–25

  Nansen, Fridtjof, 116, 122

  Nansen passports, 116

  Naide Saffet, 258

  National Pact, 74

  National Turkish Commercial Union, 124

  Nation Awakes, A, 157

  NATO, 371

  Nâzım Hikmet, 219–23, 226–32, 228, 255, 305, 375

  Nazis, Nazism, 290, 295, 307, 308, 314, 329, 346, 352, 358

  Jews killed by, 326, 330, 338, 359

  Jews stripped of citizenship by, 320

  race laws under, 297

  in Turkey, 297

  Near East, 6, 71, 122, 223, 273

  Necdet Rütü, 168

  Necip Celal, 168

  Nerkis (singer), 170

  Nesuhi (public prosecutor), 158–59

  Netherlands, 243, 300

  New Orleans, La., 44, 150

  New Rome, 13, 15, 268, 274; see also Byzantium, Istanbul

  New York, N.Y., 44, 109, 113, 114, 160, 167, 174, 215, 284, 324, 364

  New York Times, 141, 175, 236

  Nicholas I, Tsar, 31

  Nicholas II, Tsar, 105

  Nicolson, Harold, 350

  Nizharadze, Niko, 100–101

  Normandy, Allied invasion of, 313, 362

  North Africa, 37, 55, 96, 306

  nostalji (nostalgia), 161–62

  Novorossiisk, 93–94

  Nuruosmaniye mosque, 20

  “Nutuk” (Atatürk), 214–15, 219

  Odessa, 93, 139, 235–36, 356

  Office of Strategic Se
rvices, US (OSS), 308–14, 333–34, 337

  Dogwood network of, 312, 357

  X-2 (counter-espionage) branch of, 309, 311

  OGPU (Soviet secret police), 236–37, 246–47

  Ökte, Faik, 334

  On the Streets of Istanbul, 157

  Orak-Çekiç (Hammer and Sickle), 227

  Orient Bar, 3, 106, 131, 300, 317

  Orient Express, 3, 22–25, 118, 180, 247

  Orient News, 118, 155

  Osman, House of, 7

  Ottoman army, 52–53, 57, 73, 81–82, 149, 221

  Ottoman Baroque style, 50

  Ottoman Empire, 24, 26, 32, 64, 77, 79, 86, 150–51, 193, 197, 224, 271, 318

  alcohol production in, 143

  under Allied occupation, 40–45

  armistice with Allies and, see Mudros agreement

  boundaries of, 14, 51, 184, 192

  Byzantium conquered by, 13, 16, 21, 60, 169, 267, 270–71, 274

  Christians in, 32; see also Greeks (ethnic), Armenians

  classical music of, 161, 164–65, 166, 170, 172

  constitutional monarchy in, 33–34

  construction regulations in, 19

  demise of, 31–33, 75–77, 86, 91, 114, 210, 259, 330

  domestic spies in, 32–33

  duration of, 43, 58

  European annexations of territory of, 34

  imperial harem in, 134

  infrastructure of, 24–25

  as Islamic empire, 4, 277

  Istanbul as capital of, 3, 6

  modernization of, 208

  as multicultural, 4, 31, 58–59, 73, 120

  parliament of, 33, 73–75, 212

  poetic conventions in, 220, 227

  police officers of, 44–45

  property records under, 69

  reform movements in, 33–34

  religion as social system in, 120–23

  renamed Turkey, 74

  seafaring by, 18

  sürgün (forced resettlement) under, 21–22

  Turkish rejection of past in, 4

  Turks perceived by, 190

  uprisings and rebellions in, 32, 34–35

  in World War I, 35–40, 70, 289

  Ottoman naval college, 222, 229

  Ottoman Turkish language, 61, 118, 147

  rank expressed in, 158

  oud (ud), 165–67, 170, 171–72

  Palestine, 39, 52, 75, 247, 290, 331, 363, 364–65

  Arabs in, 330, 332

  immigration quotas and certificates for, 328–29, 330, 331–32, 358–60

  Jewish refugees and, 320–24, 328–30, 332, 335–41, 345, 348–49, 355, 362

  Palm Beach Seven, 141–42

  Paris, 22, 24–26, 75, 113, 117, 137, 139, 140, 160, 215, 225, 235, 244, 246, 247, 263, 276, 294

  Park Hotel, 318–19, 331, 349, 363–65, 375

  Parthenon, 277, 383

  “Past Is a Wound in My Heart, The,” 168–69

  Patria, 324

  Pegasus, 94

  Pera (neighborhood), 42, 43, 44, 49, 64, 72, 101, 104, 108, 123, 127, 140, 143, 147, 155, 160, 208, 237, 300, 350, 373

  avant-garde popular culture of, 151, 167

  decline of neighborhood, 3

  department stores in, 203

  as destination for visiting Europeans, 25

  as district of debauchery, 143, 150, 151, 305

  espionage in, 244–46

  fire of 1870 in, 21, 25, 27

  foreign embassies in, 3–4, 44, 295

  as Istanbul’s most fashionable neighborhood, 3

  nightclubs in, 136–52, 167, 196, 260

  northward shift to social life in, 318

  secondhand shops in, 102

  three curses of, 49

  Pera Palace Hotel, 64, 96, 118, 127, 137, 140, 149, 192, 267, 276, 297, 298, 305, 308, 333, 372, 373, 376–77

  Atatürk at, 52, 54–55

  bar at, 74

  Barlas at, 329, 331, 345, 349, 351–52, 364, 369

  Bodosakis’s ownership of, 13, 69, 124–25, 128, 377

  bombing of, 300–305, 301, 307, 313, 317, 319, 369

  Brodsky at, 373

  change of ownership of, 66

  Christie and, 373

  declared state property, 125, 128

  decline of, 3, 317–18

  Dos Passos at, 244–45

  espionage and, 32–33, 244–45, 298

  Goebbels at, 285–86, 289

  Hemingway and, 4

  initial success of, 26–27, 31

  Milne at, 42

  modernization and, 195, 197

  Muhayye’s purchase of, 128–31, 317, 369–70, 377

  music at, 136

  on New Year’s Eve 1925, 179

  noise and, 135–36, 192

  as part of chain, 26

  renovation of, 375

  restaurant at, 203

  view from, 135

  as Western-style hotel, 4

  Whittemore at, 105–9, 271, 273

  Persia, Persians, 15, 61, 145

  Persian language, 189, 227, 228

  Petits-Champs Park, 25, 27, 136, 196, 203, 245

  Petits-Champs Theater, 138

  Petrograd, 93, 94; see also St. Petersburg

  Phanar (Fener) neighborhood, 59, 61, 70, 120

  Philhellenism, 70–71, 78

  Picasso, Pablo, 230

  Pirî Reis, 18

  Pius XI, Pope, 354

  Pius XII, Pope, 352, 354, 359, 364

  Poland, 101, 102, 117, 221

  communities destroyed in, 326

  death camps in, 338, 352

  government-in-exile of, 300

  invasion of, 289, 294

  Jewish refugees from, 335, 339–41, 346, 357, 363

  polygamy, 202, 207

  Prague, 117

  press, 33, 197, 212

  census questionnaire in, 193

  control of, 185–86, 191, 227

  move to Ankara by, 194

  and Struma affair, 324

  Trotsky and Western, 236

  Turkish, 237

  Price, G. Ward, 82, 84

  Prichard, Matthew, 106, 272–73

  Princes Islands, 44, 229, 238

  Prinkipo, see Büyükada

  Procopius, 16, 268

  Proctor, Bertha, 140, 149, 246

  proletarian revolution, 224–25

  property rights, 202

  Prost, Henri, 195–97, 277, 318

  prostitutes, 96, 147–52, 256

  transvestite, 3, 152

  Pullman, George, 22–23

  Punjabis, British unit of, 52

  Pushkin, Alexander, 226

  Putin, Vladimir, 117

  railroads, 14–15, 22–26, 155

  Ramadan, 156, 189, 376

  Rand, Tamara, 373

  rebetiko, 163–64, 171

  Red Army, Soviet, 101, 235, 248, 339, 341

  Red Crescent Society, 210

  Red Cross, 106, 108, 137, 310, 335, 348

  Refet Pasha, 84–85, 213

  Régence restaurant (Rejans), 161

  Rendel, Anne, 299–300

  Rendel, George, 299–300, 317

  Republican People’s Party, 204, 370–71

  as only legal party, 184, 214, 221, 224, 304

  six pillars of, 183

  Republic Day, 186, 314, 318

  Republic Monument, 196, 316, 318

  Resimli Ay (Illustrated Monthly), 228–29

  Righi, Vittore, 351–52, 355

  Robert College, 51, 309

  Roman Catholic church, 58, 63, 269, 350–55, 357, 359–60

  Romania, 24, 102, 155, 172, 290, 320–22

  Jewish refugees from, 326, 335, 337, 339, 346–47, 360–63

  Jews persecuted in, 355–56

  in World War I, 35

  Romaniotes, 60

  Romanov dynasty, 45, 224

  Rome, 352, 359, 364

  Rome, ancient, 268, 275

  Byzantium as successor to, 273–74

  Roncalli, Angelo Giuseppe (Pope
John XXIII), 353–55, 358–60, 364

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 310, 327, 336

  Rose Noire club (Roznuvar), 141, 161

  Rosenthal, Gérard, 240

  Runciman, Steven, 276

  Russia, Russians, 4, 32, 62, 69, 76, 90, 222–24, 236, 246, 278

  as empire, 26, 92–94, 97, 106, 109, 248

  exiles in Istanbul from, 91–110, 113–17, 122, 126, 137, 139–42, 147–48, 150, 152, 160, 226, 232, 235–52, 260, 271, 276, 320

  in World War I, 35–40

  see also Soviet Union

  Russian Archaeological Institute, 276

  Russian Embassy, shifting power at, 97, 116

  Russian Futurism, 228, 230

  Russian Imperial Academy, 108

  Russian language, 223, 240

  Russian Orthodox church, 107, 270, 351

  Russian Revolution, 45, 93, 113, 117, 139, 232, 237, 240, 248

  Russo-Japanese War, 107, 208

  Rustow, Alexander, 296

  Rustow, Dankwart, 296

  Safa, Peyami, 350

  Safiye Ayla, 170

  Sahibinin Sesi (HMV), 170–72

  St. James’s Brasserie, 136

  St. Petersburg, 98, 100, 102

  Sakarya, battle of, 212

  Sakarya River, 79

  Salih Zeki, 208–9

  Salonica Army, 52

  Salonica (Thessaloniki), 33, 210, 372

  Abdülhamid II exiled to, 34

  Greek immigrants to, 127, 374

  Hellenic takeover of, 7–8, 163, 222, 224

  immigrants from, 8, 123, 136, 157, 162, 170, 171, 205, 221–22, 375

  as multicultural, 8, 53, 162–64

  Ottoman, 7

  Salvador, 324

  Samsun, 57, 72

  Sanders, Otto Liman von, 35, 70

  Saracolu, ükrü, 289, 306, 333–34

  Sarayburnu (Seraglio Point), 14, 320, 361

  Sarikamish, 37

  Sartre, Jean-Paul, 230

  Schwartzer, A., 149

  Schwarz, Alfred, 312

  science, religion vs., 279

  Sedova, Natalya, 235–37, 239, 244, 246, 251

  Selimiye mosque, 20, 269

  Senegal, 42, 66, 157

  Serbia, 117

  Serra, Mario, 136

  Sevastopol, 35, 93, 95

  Sèvres, Treaty of, 75–78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 210, 290

  eyhülislam, 16, 186, 259

  Seyyan Hanım, 162, 167–69, 171, 175, 229, 334

  Shakhovskaya, Princess, 114

  Shalikashvili, David, 102

  Shalikashvili, Dmitri, 98–102, 109, 117, 226

  Shalikashvili, John, 117

  Shaul, Eli, 62

  sheet music, 160, 171

  sheiks, 187

  Shi’a Islam, 187

  Shirt of Flame, 213

  Siberia, 107, 236

  Simplon Tunnel, 25

  Simpson, Wallis, 285

  Sirkeci station, 14, 18, 22, 92, 155, 300, 334, 344, 360, 362, 363

  Slavs, 13, 71, 269–70

  Slowes, Abraham, 339–41

  Slowes, Moshe and Malke, 339–41

  Smyrna, 71–73, 75, 77, 79–84, 91, 113, 129, 163–64, 171

  Hellenic occupation of, 204, 210

  Turkish conquest of, 212

 

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