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Notes
NOTES ON THE USE OF THIS BOOK
1. Coulton, Chaucer, 62.
2. Michelet, x, 3.
3. Müntz, Leonardo da Vinci, I, 22.
CHAPTER I
1. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, I, 205.
2. Pastor, History of the Popes, I, 71, 66.
3. Ibid.
4. Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire, 226; Cambridge Medieval History, VIII, 623.
5. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, III-I, 1034.
6. Pastor, I, 91.
7. Sismondi, History of the Italian Republics, 328.
8. Gierke, Political Theories of the Middle Ages, 52, 59; Hearnshaw, Medieval Contributions to Modern Civilization, 67.
9. Emerton, The Defensor Pacis of Marsiglio of Padua, 70-2.
10. Milman, History of Latin Christianity, VII, 328-31.
11. Ogg, Source Book of Medieval History, 391.
12. Creighton, History of the Papacy during the Reformation, I, 297; Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 8n.
13. Pastor, I, 241.
14. Pastor, III, 269.
15. Ibid., 324.
16. For a candid Catholic summary of ecclesiastical abuses c. 1500 cf. Janelle, The Catholic Reformation, Chapters I-III.
17. Cambridge Modern History, I, 388.
18. Montalembert, The Monks of the West, I, 81.
19. Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty, 45.
20. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, I, 465.
21. Beard, Chas., Martin Luther and the Reformation, 42.
22. Machiavelli, Discourses, iii, 1.
23. Robertson, History of the Reign of Charles V, I, 402.
24. Hayes, Political and Social History of Modern Europe, I, 126.
25. La Tour, Les origines de la Reforme, I, 361.
26. Cf. Pastor, V, 361-2.
27. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 670.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, II, 411.
31. Erasmus, Mar. 5, 1518, in Epistles, III, 287
32. Pastor, VIII, 124.
33. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 670.
34. Ibid., 659.
35. Smith, Preserved, History of Modern Culture, I, 19.
36. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 674.
37. Coulton, Five Centuries of Religion, I, 410 f.; II, 429.
38. Ibid., 400.
39. Erasmus, Epistle 94 in Froude, Life and Letters of Erasmus, 352.
40. Blok, History of the People of the Netherlands, II, 299.
41. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, IV, 354.
42. Coulton, Five Centuries, II, 399.
43. Lea, History of the Inquisition in Spain, I. 427.
44. Coulton, Five Centuries, 1,410.
45. La Tour, Les origines, II, 297 f.
46. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 150, 160.
47. Ibid., 177.
48. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, IV, 95 f.
49. Lea, Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy, 429-32; Kautsky, Communism in Central Europe in the Time of the Reformation, 268.
50. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 672.
51. Pastor, V, 457 f.
52. Lea, Inquisition in Spain I, 394.
53.
Ibid., 402.
54. Ibid.
55. 406.
56. 407.
57. Gascoigne, Seven Rivers of Babylon, in Coulton, Social Life in Britain, 203.
58. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 277; Beard, Luther, 299.
59. Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 74.
60. Ibid., 179.
61. 343 f.
62. Pastor, VII, 338, 340.
63. Ranke, History of the Reformation in Germany, 153.
64. Camb. Mod. Hy, 660.
65. Pastor, VII, 305.
66. Coulton, The Black Death, 114.
67. Erasmus, Militis Christiani enchiridion, in Lea, Auricular Confession, III, 429.
68. Lea, ibid.
69. Coulton, Five Centuries, I, 410.
CHAPTER II
1. Stubbs, Constitutional History of England, II, 331.
2. Headlam, Story of Nuremberg, 164.
3. Coulton, Chaucer and His England, 173.
4. Froissart, Chronicles, I, 77, 89.
5. Froissart, Everyman ed., 124.
6. Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 28.
7. Stubbs, III, 385.
8. Power, Medieval People, 78.
9. Ibid., 68.
10. Green, Mrs. J. R., Town Life in the Fifteenth Century, I, 351 f.
11. Rogers, Economic Interpretation of History, 75.
12. Cheyney, Dawn of a New Era, 186.
13. Poole, R. L., Wycliffe and Movements for Reform, 88; Id., Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought, 254.
14. Wyclif, De civili dominio, i, 30, in Poole, Wycliffe, 89.
15. Poole, Illustrations, 264.
16. Poole, Wycliffe, 65.
17. Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 489.
18. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, 499.
19. Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 82.
20. Wyclif, “On the Pope,” in English Works, 477.
21. Wyclif, “Of Prelates,” in English Works, 80-1.
22. Ibid., 81.
23. Ibid., 100.
24. 143-63.
25. 96-104.
26. Wyclif, “Of Prelates,” v, 66; vi, 68.
27. “On the Popes,” iii.
28. De officio pastorali in English Works, 457.
29. I John, ii, 18.
30. Rev., xi, 7.
31. Janssen, History of the German People, IV, 119.
32. Wyclif, “On Dominion” (English), i.
33. English Works, 47-57.
34. “On Dominion,” iv; De officio pastorali.
35. English Works, 469-70.
36. “On Dominion,” ii, in Poole, Illustrations, 261.
37. English Works, 452.
38. Ibid., 328
39. 330-1.
40. Trevelyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, 173.
41. English Works, 465.
42. Ibid., 227-9.
430. 276 f.
44. Coulton, Medieval Panorama, 685.
45. Poole, Wycliffe, no; Trevelyan, Wycliffe, 316.
46. Coulton, Black Death, 68; Medieval Panorama, 89.
47. Mrs. Green, Town Life, I, 54.
48. Stubbs, III, 617-8.
49. Mrs. Green, I, 141.
50. Abram, A., English Life and Manners, 191.
51. Lounsbury, Studies in Chaucer, I, 14.
52. Abram, 191-3.
53. Coulton, Black Death, 96; Camb. Med. Hy, VII, 442.
54. Coulton, Social Life, 350.
55. Ashley, Introd. to English Economic History and Theory, II, 333.
56. Poole, Wycliffe, 106.
57. Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381, 42.
58. Ibid., 51.
59. Froissart, ii, 73.
60. Ibid.
61. Oman, 38-43.
62. Speculum, Jan., 1940, 25.
63. Oman, 68-77.
64. Ibid., 84.
65. Stubbs, II, 428 f.
66. Chambers, Medieval Stage, II, 185.
67. Langland, Vision of William .... concerning Piers the Plowman, i, 73 f.
68. Ibid., i, 68-99, 144–94; vi, 169 f.; xiii, 4 f.
69. Jusserand, Literary History of the English People, 401.
70. Coulton, Chaucer, 30.
71. Lounsbury, I, 74; Coulton, Chaucer, 54.
72. Ibid., 36.
73. Lounsbury, II, 228.
74. Chaucer, Troilus, i, 463.
75. Ibid., iii, 1373 f.
76. The Nun’s Priest’s Tale, 413 f.
77. Legend of Good Women, 1-9.
78. Knight’s Tale, 444 f.
79. Coulton, Chaucer, 60.
80. Lounsbury, I, 87.
81. Shakespeare, Richard II, iii, 3.
82. Holinshed, iii, 507.
CHAPTER III
1. Pirenne, Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe, 187, 207; Ashley, II, 101; Salzman, English Industries of the Middle Ages, 337.
2. Coulton, The Medieval Village, 126; Boissonade, Life and Work in Medieval Europe, 310.
3. Pirenne, op. cit., 198.
4. Milman, VII, 65-6; Thompson, Economic History... of Later Middle Ages, 53.
5. Michelet, History of France, bk. vi, ch. 1.
6. Campbell, Life and Times of Petrarch, XXV.
7. Guizot, History of France, I, 616 f.
8. Encyc. Brit., XIX, 880b.
9. Froissart, i, 115.
10. Ibid., 127-8.
11. Sarton, III-i, 38.
12. Hammerton, Universal History of the World, VI, 3394.
13. Froissart, i, 151.
14. Boissonade, 284.
15. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, II, 65.
16. Sarton, III-2, 1653.
17. Castiglioni, History of Medicine, 359.
18. Coulton, Black Death, 68.
19. Sarton, III-2, 1654.
20. Thompson, Economic History, 383.
21. Michelet, vi, 3.
22. Froissart, i, 178.
23. Carlyle, R. W., History of Medieval Political Theory, VI, 213.
24. Clapman and Power, Cambridge Economic Hy of Europe, 559.
25. Froissart, I, 181, 183.
26. Michelet, vi, 3.
27. Michelet, vii, 1.
28. Guizot, History of France, II, 245.
29. Boissonade, 330.
30. Nussbaum, History of the Economic Institutions of Modern Europe, 108.
31. Boissonade, 315.
32. Wright, Book of the Knight of La Tour-Landry, ch. 2.
33. Michelet, xi, I.
34. En. Br., IV, 857b.
35. Huizinga, Waning of the Middle Ages, 144-7.
36. Lacroix, History of Prostitution, I, 793.
37. Ibid., II, 1114.
38. Sanger, History of Prostitution, 106.
39. Huizinga, Waning, 145.
40. Ibid., 97.
41. Lacroix, Prostitution, I, 911.
42. Huizinga, 103, 108.
43. Le menagier de Paris, in Power, Medieval People, 85.
44. Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, III, 152.
45. Huizinga, 133,
46. Ibid., 21, 175.
47. Thompson, Economic History, 105.
48. Huizinga, 140.
49. Speculum, April, 1940, 148.
50. Friedländer, Roman Life and Manners, III, 196.
51. France, A., Joan of Arc, II, 254.
52. In Jusserand, English Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages, 400.
53. Froissart, Everyman ed., 368, 292, 1.
54. In Pernoud, La poésie médiévale, 80.
55. In Faguet, Literary History of France, 147. Margaret came to France in 1436; there is no trace of Chartier after 1434.
56. In Pauphilet, Poètes et romanciers du moyen age, 774.
57. Tr. in Lang, Ballads and Lyrics of Old France.
58. In Faguet, 151.
59. In Pauphilet, 792.
60. Michelet, x, 3.
61. Ibid.; France, Joan of Arc, I, 25.
/> 62. Trial process in Michelet, x, 3.
63. Ibid.; France, Joan of Arc, 139&
64. Michelet, i.e.
65. Ibid.
66. France, Joan, II, 250.
67. Ibid., I, xlvii.
68. Michelet, xi, I.
69. Ibid., xi, 2; D’Orliac, The Lady of Beauty, 17-35.
CHAPTER IV
1. Guizot, History of France, II, 407,
2. Ibid.; Hare, Life of Louis X/, 69.
3. Comines, Memoirs, i, 10,
4. Ibid., ii, 1; Hare, 241.
5. Hare, 204.
6. Comines, vi, 2.
7. Ibid., iv, 10.
8. Ibid., vi, 7, 11; Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 296.
9. Troyes, Chronique scandaleuse, in Comines, II, 379, 395.
10. Comines, vi, 12.
11. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 116.
12. Ferrara, The Borgia Pope, 184; Beuf, Cesare Borgia, 42; Michelet, Histoire de France, III, i, 1.
13. Lacroix, Prostitution, II, 1117,
14. Batiffol, Century of the Renaissance, 22.
15. Guizot, France, II, 627.
16. Michelet, iii, 109.
17. Ward, Architecture of the Renaissance in France, II, 16-17.
18. Boyd, French Renaissance, 9.
19. Cf. the handsome reissue of Les heures d’Anne de Bretagne, Editions Verve, Paris, 1946.
20. Addison, J. D., Arts and Crafts in the Middle Ages, 265.
21. Comines, v, 18.
22. Ibid., iii, 8-9; ii, 6.
23. Mantzius, History of Theatrical Art, II, 134.
24. Pauphilet, Jeux et sapience du moyen age, 332.
25. Villon, Ballade de la grosse Margot; Lewis, François Villon, 6, 301.
26. Villon, Le petit testaptent, xxiii, xxxi, x.
27. Tr. by John Payne. Ruskin’s version, less agreeable as a whole, rendered better the final line: “But where are the snows of yester-year?”
28. Villon, Poems, tr. John Payne, 128.
29. Ibid., 189.
30. Ibid., 191.
31. Tr. by Swinburne, Poems, 265-6.
32. In Lewis, 209.
CHAPTER V
1. Camb. Med. Hy, VIII, 375n.
2. Holinshed, iii, 541.
3. Walsingham in Stubbs, III, 79.
4. Michelet, ix, 3.
5. Comines, ii, 12.
6. Ibid., vi, 2.
7. Holinshed, iii, 712; cf. Shakespeare, 5 Henry VI, iii, 2; Richard III, i, 1.
8. Bacon, Works, VI, 240.
9. Coulton, Medieval Village, 136.
10. More, Utopia, 175.
11. Coulton, Social Life in Britain, 321.
12. Rogers, Six Centuries of Work and Wages, 73; Schoenhof, History of Money and Prices, 311-2.