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Contributors
Frans de Waal is a Dutch-born ethologist/biologist known for his work on the social intelligence of primates. His first book, Chimpanzee Politics (1982), compared the schmoozing and scheming of chimpanzees involved in power struggles with that of human politicians. Ever since, de Waal has drawn parallels between primate and human behavior, from peacemaking and morality to culture. His scientific work has been published in hundreds of technical articles in journals such as Science, Nature, Scientific American, and outlets specialized in animal behavior. De Waal is also editor or coeditor of nine scientific volumes. His seven popular books— translated into more than a dozen languages—have made him one of the world’s most visible primatologists. His latest is Our Inner Ape (2005), published by Riverhead. De Waal is C. H. Candler Professor in the Psychology Department of Emory University and director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Center, in Atlanta, Georgia. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) and the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences.
Philip Kitcher is John Dewey Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University. He is the author of nine books, including, most recently, In Mendel’s Mirror: Philosophical Reflections on Biology (Oxford, 2003); Finding an Ending: Reflections on Wagner’s Ring (coauthored with Richard Schacht, Oxford, 2004), and Life without God: Darwin, Design, and the Future of Faith (forthcoming from Oxford University Press). He is a past president of the American Philosophical Association (Pacific Division) and a former editor-in-chief of the journal Philosophy of Science. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Christine M. Korsgaard received her B.A. from the University of Illinois and her Ph.D. from Harvard, where she studied with John Rawls. She taught at Yale, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Chicago before taking up her present position at Harvard, where she is Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy. She is the author of two books. Creating the Kingdom of Ends (Cambridge, 1996) is a collection of previously published essays on Kant’s moral philosophy. The Sources of Normativity (Cambridge, 1996), an exploration of modern views about the basis of obligation, is an expanded version of her 1992 Tanner Lectures on Human Values. She is currently working on a book on the connections between the metaphysics of agency, the normative standards that govern action, and the constitution of personal identity, entitled Self-Constitution: Agency, Identity, and Integrity, and putting together another collection of papers, under the title The Constitution of Agency: Essays on Practical Reason and Moral Psychology (both to be published by Oxford).
Stephen Macedo writes and teaches on political theory, ethics, American constitutionalism, and public policy, with an emphasis on liberalism, justice, and the roles of schools, civil society, and public policy in promoting citizenship. He served as founding director of Princeton’s Program in Law and Public Affairs (1999–2001). He recently served as vice president of the American Political Science Association and chair of its first standing committee on Civic Education and Engagement, and in this capacity he is principal coauthor of Democracy at Risk: How Political Choices Undermine Citizenship and What We Can Do About It (2005). His books include Diversity and Distrust: Civic Education in a Multicultural Democracy (2000); and Liberal Virtues: Citizenship, Virtue, and Community in Liberal Constitutionalism (1990). He is coauthor and coeditor of American Constitutional Interpretation, 3rd edition, with W. F. Murphy, J. E. Fleming, and S. A. Barber. Among his edited volumes are Educating Citizens: International Perspectives on Civic Values and School Choice (2004) and Universal Jurisdiction: International Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes under International Law (2004). Macedo has taught at Harvard University and at the Maxwell School at Syracuse University. He earned his B.A. at the College of William and Mary, masters degrees at the London School of Economics and Oxford University, and his M.A. and Ph.D. at Princeton University.
Josiah Ober, formerly the David Magie ’97 Class of 1897 Professor of Classics at Princeton University, is the Constantine Mitsotakis Professor of Political Science and Classics at Stanford University. His collected essays Athenian Legacies: Essays on the Politics of Going on Together were published by the Princeton University Press in 2005. In addition to his ongoing work on knowledge and innovation in democratic Athens, he is interested in the relationship between democracy as a natural human capacity and its association with moral responsibility.
Peter Singer was educated at the University of Melbourne and the University of Oxford. In 1977, he was appointed to a chair of philosophy at Monash University in Melbourne and subsequently was the founding director of that university’s Centre for Human Bioethics. In 1999 he became the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics. Peter Singer was the founding president of the International Association of Bioethics, and with Helga Kuhse, founding coeditor of the journal Bioethics. He first became well known internationally after the publication of Animal Liberation. His other books include: Democracy and Disobedience; Practical Ethics; The Expanding Circle; Marx; Hegel; The Reproduction Revolution (with Deane Wells), Should the Baby Live? (with Helga Kuhse), How Are We to Live?; Rethinking Life and Death; One World; Pushing Time Away; and The President of Good and Evil. His works have appeared in twenty languages. He is the author of the major article on ethics in the current edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Robert Wright is the author of Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny and The Moral Animal: Evolutionary Psychology and Everyday Life, both published by Vintage Books. The Moral Animal was named by the New York Times Book Review as one of the twelve best books of 1994 and has been published in twelve languages. Nonzero was named a New York Times Book Review Notable Book for 2000 and has been published in nine languages. Wright’s first book, Three Scientists and Their Gods: Looking for Meaning in an Age of Information, was published in 1988 and was nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award. Wright is a contributing editor at the New Republic, Time, and Slate. He has also written for the Atlantic Monthly, the New Yorker, and the New York Times Magazine. He previously worked at The Sciences magazine, where his column “The Information Age” won the National Magazine Award for Essay and Criticism.
Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the e-Book. Please use the search function on your e-Reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
altruism: cognitive vs. emotional motivations for reciprocal; definition of in biology; dimensions of; empathy and sympathy, relation between and; evolution of as central to human morality; examples of primate; the expanding circle of morality and; helping tendencies, reciprocal as alternative to group selection in explaining; paternalistic and nonpaternalistic, distinction between; psychological (see psychological altruism); retributive kindly emotions as parallel to reciprocal; selfishness vs., intentionality in distinguishing; taxonomy of. See also sympathy
animal rights: the Great Ape Project; human obligations to nonhuman animals; medical research and (see medical research); responses to skepticism regarding; skepticism regarding
animals, nonhuman. See nonhuman animals
animal testing. See medical research
anthropocentrism
anthropodenial
anthropomorphic parsimony, principle of
anthropomorphism: chimpanzees, language of appropriate for; cognitive vs. evolutionary parsimony and; the debate regarding; definitions of; the dilemma regarding; emotional vs. cognitive language of; emotional vs. cognitive language of, preferences for; fear of, stifling of research into animal emotions due to; labeling shared language as; scientific distinguished from sentimental; unitary explanation of shared characteristics vs. anthropodenial
apes: bonobos; chimpanzees (see chimpanzees); humans and, comparison of regarding levels of morality; medical research, use of for; special status for; theory of mind in. See also primates
Aquinas, Thomas
Aristotle
Aureli, F.
autism
Axelrod, Robert
Baron-Cohen, S.
Beethoven error
behavioral science: the anthropomorphism problem (see anthropomorphism); Behaviorism and anthropomorphism; cognitive vs. evolutionary parsimony as dilemma in
Bekoff, Marc