Andy Warhol
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Ronald Feldman Gallery, 127–128, 131
sidney Janis Gallery, New York City, xvi, 38
Sonnabend Gallery, Paris, xi
Stable Gallery first show, x, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 47
Stable Gallery second show, x, xiii, xvii, 45, 53, 64, 66–67, 70, 74, 136
success of, 44
“Exploding Plastic Inevitable†multimedia event (Warhol), 8, 110
Factory, The, 48, 59, 61, 72, 92–93, 102–103, 120–121, 122, 123, 124–125
businesslike operation of, 100, 121
cardboard grocery boxes created at, 60–61
demographics of, 49, 80, 140
Empire film and, 79
end of, 100
mechanical/industrial production at, 49–51, 58–59, 60, 61, 62, 73, 93, 114
movies and videos shot at, 82–84, 122
permissive atmosphere of, 49
productive capabilities of, 82, 89
silver painting of, 59, 92–94, 100
social scene at, 74–75, 82, 84–85, 88, 91, 93–96
television produced at, 90
transvestites at, 112
value scheme at, 99
Factory Diaries, The (Warhol), 84–85
Factory-Made: Warhol and the Sixties (Watson), 101
fan magazines, 17
Fauvism, 6
Feldman, Morton, 30
feminism, 101–102, 103
fifteen minutes of fame concept, 87–88
Fight video (Warhol), 86–87
Film Culture magazine, 76, 82
films and videos, 78–79
art, 26
underground, 76, 92, 104, 122
films and videos by Warhol, 65, 74–75, 76–77, 79–80, 81, 82–87, 96–97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 106, 111, 112, 122–123, 145
photomat shots, 115
screen tests, 80, 82, 83, 115
sex portrayed in, 141–142
shot in Italy, 124, 125
Film Stills (Sherman), 78
Finnegan’s Wake (Joyce), 83, 98
Fischl, Eric, 107
Flanner, Janet, 39
Flavin, Dan, 133
Fluxus movement, 30
Ford, John, 104
Frankenstein film (Warhol), 114, 124
Freedom Riders, 7
Fremont, Vincent, 83, 86, 89, 90
French Revolution, 29
Fried, Michael, 45
Friedan, Betty, 103
Fry, Roger, 139
Galerie Daniel Templon, Paris, 116, 117
Garland, Judy, 94
Geldzahler, Henry, 22, 41
General Electric logo, 143
Germany, xii, 30
Giorno, John, 75–76
Gluck, Nathan, 56, 70
Goddard, Paulette, 117–118
Green, Sam, 5
Greenberg, Clement, 109
Green Car Crash (Warhol), 113
Green Gallery, xvi
guns, 130–131
Guston, Philip, 30
Hackett, Pat, 73
Hacklin, Allan, 107
Haircut film (Warhol), 99
Hamburger Bahnhof Museum for Contemporary Art, 20
Hammer and Sickle paintings (Warhol), 116–118, 123–124, 131
Handel, George Frideric, 140
“Hand Painted Pop†proposed retrospective, 106
Hard-Edged Abstraction, 9–10, 28
Harvey, James, xiv, 64
Heartney, Eleanor, 140
Hegel, Georg, 97–98, 139
Herko, Freddie, 98–99
Hirst, Damien, 33, 54
Hitler, Adolf, xii
Hofer, Evelyn, 147
Hollywood films, 122, 127
Hollywood movies, 26, 82
Holy Grail, 136–138, 144, 147
Holy Spirit, 143
Holy Terror (Colacello), 89–90
homosexuality, 7, 11–12, 75–76, 81, 102
in New York City, 94
Hopper, Dennis, 84
Howdy Doody, 128–129
Hughes, Fred, 100, 103, 121, 124–125, 130
Hulten, Pontus, 52, 53
I, a Man film (Warhol), 102
I. Miller shoes, 12
Impressionism, 61–62
Independent Film Award, 82
Indiana, Robert, 35
installations of art, 67, 68
Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA), University of Pennsylvania, 5, 6
Institutional Theory of Art (Dickie), 69
Internal Revenue Service, 73
Interview magazine, 84
Iolas, Alexandre, 142
Italy, 30, 117, 124, 142–143, 144
Jagger, Mick, 84
Janovich, Tama, 91–92
Jarry, Alfred, 6
Jefferson, Thomas, 129
Jesus Christ, 23, 136–139, 140, 144
Johns, Jasper, 10, 11, 24, 25, 70
Joyce, James, 83, 96–97
Judd, Donald, 54, 133
junk mail, 17
Kaprow, Allen, 68
Karp, Ivan, 14, 15, 22, 25, 70
Kennedy, Bobby, 104
Kennedy, Jackie, 81, 88, 144
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 104
Kiss, The (Lichtenstein), xiii, 22, 28
Komar, Vitaly, 73
Koons, Jeff, 54
Krasner, Lee, 108–109
Ladies and Gentlemen (Warhol), 117
language game, 60–61
Large Coca-Cola (Warhol), 18
Last Sacrament of Saint Jerome, The (Domenichino), 143
Last Supper, 136–137, 145, 147
Last Supper, The (Da Vinci), 142–143
Last Supper(s), The (Warhol), 37, 134, 142–143, 144, 145, 147
Latow, Muriel, 32, 33, 35, 37
lecture tour, 65
Léger, Fernand, 110
L.H.O.O.Q. (Duchamp), 29
Lichtenstein, Roy, 4, 6, 16, 22, 28, 33, 45, 125
comic book images, 13, 27, 28
exhibition at Castelli Gallery, 28
paint quality, 13
as Pop artist, xiii, 39
subject matter of works, 14–15
Linich, Billy (a.k.a. Billy Name), 59, 60, 67, 82, 93, 95, 99, 100, 105
social scene at the Silver Factory and, 94–95
Lisanby, Charles, 36
“Little Boxes†song (Reynolds), 57, 58
Little King, The, 13, 20, 26
Lonesome Cowboys film (Warhol), 80–81, 100, 104, 122
Louis Napoleon, 5–6
Love Boat, The television show, 86
MacDarrah, Fred, 61, 63
machisimo, 108
Mako, Chris, 112
Malanga, Gerard, 32, 50, 54, 56, 59, 93, 100, 114
Empire film and, 79
on reception of Warhol’s film Blow Job, 77
at the Silver Factory, 60
social scene at the Factory and, 94
Manet, Edouard, 6
Mantegna, Andrea, 139
Mao paintings (Warhol), 111–112, 113–114, 116, 123–124
Mao Tse Tung, 111–112, 113–114, 116, 123–124
Mapplethorpe, Robert, 126, 141
Marcos, Imelda, 117
Marie Antoinette, 73
Marilyn Diptych (Warhol), 41, 42–43
Marilyn (Warhol), 45–46
Maris, Roger, 39
Marisol (Marisol Escobar), 35
Martha Jackson Gallery, 68
Martin, Agnes, 30
Marxist critics, 72–73
mass-media popular culture, x, 26
mass production, 14, 50, 73, 93, 114, 147
Matisse, Henri, 6, 115, 143
Mekas, Jonas, 76, 79
Melamid, Alexander, 73
Messianic Secret, 139
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 22, 41
Mexican muralists, 110
Michaels, Lorne, 90
Mickey Mouse, 13, 128
Midnight Cowboy film, 104
Miller, Henry, xv
Minimalism, 6, 54, 84, 125
Modernist art, 5–6, 29–30, 31, 38, 52, 110
“Modernist Painting†(Greenberg), 109
Mole People, 94–96, 99, 100, 140
Mona Lisa (da Vinci), 81
Mona Lisa (Duchamp), 143
Monogram (Rauschenberg), 11
Monroe, Don, 89
Monroe, Marilyn, xii, 36, 39, 40–41, 45, 81, 88, 100, 143, 144
Moral Majority, 141
Morrissey, Paul, 121, 124, 125
Motherwell, Robert, 9, 35, 141
movie stars. See celebrities
Mudd Club, The, 87
Museum of Art, Richmond, Virginia, 140
Museum of Modern Art, New York City, 55, 108–109
Sixteen Americans exhibition, 30
Name, Billy. See Linich, Billy (a.k.a. Billy Name)
Nancy comic book character, 14, 23, 26
Nation, The, ix
National Endowment for the Arts, 141
National Gallery, Berlin, 20
National Gallery of Canada, 69
National Organization for Women (NOW), 101, 103
National Socialism, xii
Neel, Alice, 104
Nevelson, Louise, 68
Newman, Barnett, 140–141
“New Realists, The†group show, Sidney Janis Gallery, 38
New Realists movement, 38
New School for Social Research, 30
newspaper advertising, 16–17, 20, 23.
See also subject matter of Warhol’s works: newspaper advertising
New York Post newspaper, 105
New York School, xi, xii, 10
Niagara film, 40
Nierendorf Gallery, 68
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 28
Nixon, Richard, 73, 111
Not Andy Warhol (Bidlo), 53
Nude Descending a Staircase (Duchamp), 32
Nureyev, Rudolph, 94
Obitrol drug, 105
Oldenburg, Claes, 4, 6, 31–32, 45
Olivo, Bob (a.k.a. Ondine), 82, 83, 95, 96–97, 98, 99
Ondine. See Olivo, Bob (a.k.a. Ondine)
127 Die (Warhol), 39–40
129 Die (Warhol), 39–40
original art concept, 54–55
Orion, the witch, 95
“painting by the numbers,†39
Palermo, Blinky, 133
Palmer, John, 79
Pasadena Art Museum, 53, 106, 122, 126
Pepsi-Cola, 17
Phenomenology of Mind (Hegel), 97–98
Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again (Warhol), 119, 123
Philosophy of Arthur Danto, The, xvii
photography, 116, 126
Picasso, Pablo, 48, 75
Piss Christ (Serrano), 140
Plato, 77
Podber, Dorothy, 99–100
Point of order film (de Antonio), 15
Pollock, Jackson, 10, 108, 132–133
Ponti, Carlo, 124
Pop art movement, xi, 4, 5, 6, 13, 22, 23, 26–28, 34, 73, 125
Abstract Expressionism and, xii, 27–28
American spirit of, 38–39
bond between artist and viewer, 9
Campbell’s soup and Coca-Cola images in, 24, 39
criticism of, 27
criticism of American culture in, xi
as cultural craze, 47
in Europe, xi, xii, 38
hand-painted Pop, 106, 113
Modernist art and, 31
nature of, 28
paint quality, 28.
See also comic books and characters
Pope, the, 95
Popeye, 13, 14, 20, 23, 26
Postmodern art, 31
Postmodern Heretics (Heartney), 140
Presley, Elvis, xii, 39, 81, 88, 143, 144
Princess Gloria von Thurn und Taxis (Clemente), 115–116
pulp comics, xv, 17
“Queen’s Diary, The,†73
Rabelais, François, 48–49
racial and ethnic art, 109, 117
Rambouillet, Château de, 73
Rameau’s Nephew (Diderot), 97
Rauschenberg, Robert, 10, 11, 25, 30–31, 35, 70
“readymade†objects of art, 51–52, 55, 66
Red Elvis (Warhol), 39, 81
Reed, Lou, 84
religious objects, 136, 139
Republic, The (Plato), 78
Restany, Pierre, 38
retinal art concept, 56, 66
Reynolds, Malvina, 57
Rockwell, Norman, 127
Rodchenko, Aleksandr, 29, 30
Romanticism, 7, 29
Ronald Feldman Gallery, 128–129, 131
Rose, Barbara, 108
Rosenquist, James, 4, 22, 33, 45
Rothko, Mark, 10
Rotten Rita, 95
Rubin, William, 109
Russian Revolution, 110
Rydell, Charles, 86
Ryman, Robert, 133
Sacra Cáliz, 136, 137
Sacre de Printemps, Le (Stravinsky), 6
Saint-Laurent, Yves, 84
Salon de Refusés (1863), 5–6
Salon of 1905, Paris, 6
Sandbeck, Fred, 133
S&H Green Stamps (Warhol), 81
Santa Claus, 128
Saturday Night Live television program, 90
Schiele, Egon, 115
Schjeldahl, Peter, 71
Schlesinger, John, 104
sculptures/three-dimensional objects by Warhol, 58–59, 110. See also Brillo Box(es) (Warhol)
SCUM (“Society for Cutting Up Menâ€), 101
Sedgwick, Edie, 5, 49, 82
Seeger, Pete, 57
Serrano, Andres, 140, 141
sexual revolution of the 60s, 142
Shadow, the, 128
Shadow paintings (Warhol), 131–132, 133–134
Shah of Iran, 117
Sherman, Cindy, 78, 126
Sidney Janis Gallery, New York City, xvi, 38, 133
Slaves of New York (Janovich), 91–92
Sleep film (Warhol), 75, 76
sleepwatchers, 75, 76
Socialist Realism, 72
Society of Independent Artists, 51
Socrates, 69–70, 77–78, 79
Soho, New York City, xvi, 116, 117, 118
Solanas, Valerie, xviii, 100, 101–104, 120, 121, 123, 125, 130
Sonnabend, Ileana/Sonnabend Gallery, Paris, xi, 71, 81
Soviet Russia, xii
Soviet Union, 73, 110
Stable Gallery, New York City, xvi, 35.
See also exhibitions of Warhol’s work: Stable Gallery
Stalin, Josef, xii
Steinberg, Leo, 75
Steinberg, sol, 118
Stonewall Riots, 7
“Store, The†(Oldenburg), 31
Storm Door (Warhol), 58
Stravinsky, Igor, 6
student riots, 7, 104
Studio 54, 87
style of Warhol’s works: enlargement of images, 1, 2, 22
in films, 115
machine-made effect of, 33–34, 37, 50–51, 55, 106
paint quality, 8, 13–14, 59–60, 62, 114
portraiture, 112, 114–115
repetition of images (serial works), 33, 34–35, 37–38, 39, 40–41, 55, 59, 64, 106, 113, 143
silk screen works, 3, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42–43, 59, 64, 93, 142, 144
transition from commercial art to avant-garde art, 2–4
use
of blank monochrome canvas, 44
use of color, 8, 12, 41, 44, 45, 116, 133
subject matter of Warhol’s works, 13
athletes, 134
Brillo cartons, 52–53, 59, 61, 62–64, 78, 137
Campbell Soup cans, x, xi, 25, 32, 33, 36–37, 38, 39, 55, 65, 86, 105, 106, 114, 127–128, 143
cardboard grocery boxes/shipping cartons, xiii–xiv, 49–50, 51, 52, 53–54, 55, 56, 64, 66, 70–71, 73, 74, 106, 114, 126
Coca Cola bottles, 16, 17–20, 38, 39, 131
comic book characters, 13, 14, 19, 20, 27, 32
Death and Disaster paintings, xi, 37, 39–40, 41 44, 46, 55, 71, 81, 106, 113, 124, 126, 130, 144
dollar bills/money, 35, 39, 65, 81, 127, 129–130
Elizabeth Taylor, 81, 88, 128, 144
Elvis Presley, xii, 39, 81, 88, 143, 144
endangered species, 134
flowers, 39, 40, 71, 81, 106
Heinz Tomato Ketchup boxes, 56
images from popular culture, 128
Jackie Kennedy, 88, 144
Jesus Christ, 37, 144, 147
Kellogg’s Corn Flakes boxes, 56, 64, 66
Mao Tse Tung, 111–112, 113–114, 116
Marilyn Monroe, 36, 39, 40–41, 42–43, 45–46, 81, 88, 100, 143, 144
Mott’s Apple Juice boxes, 56, 64
newspaper advertising, 1–3, 6, 12, 14–15, 16–17, 17–20, 22, 24–25, 32, 146
portraits (general discussion), 34, 36, 100, 106, 118, 124–125, 134
Richard Nixon, 73, 111
Roger Maris, 39
self-portrait, 144
shadows, 131–132, 133
S&H green stamps, 127
universal quality of, 37–38
Superman, 13, 20, 26
Superstars at the Factory, 5, 49, 80, 98
Suzuki, D. T., 30
swastika, 118
Swimming Underground: My Years in the Warhol Factory (Woronov), 95–96
Switzerland, 29
Synoptic Gospels, 138
tabloids, 17
Tanager Gallery, New York City, 141–142
Taylor, Elizabeth, 81, 88, 124, 128, 144
Therrien, Robert, 54
Thomas, Dylan, 44
Time magazine, 35
To the People of New York City (Palermo), 133
Transfiguration, 138, 139
Transfiguration of the Commonplace, The (Danto), x, xv–xvi
transvestism, 84, 112, 117
Tunnel, the, 87
Twombly, Cy, 10, 11, 30, 35
Ubu Roi (Jarry), 6
Ultra Violet, 84
Ulysses (Joyce), 96–97
Uncle Sam, 128, 129
Velvet Underground, The, rock group, 7–8, 77
Vietnam war, 124
Vile, Ronnie, 95–96
Viva, 80, 84, 104, 141
von Thurn und Taxis, Princess Gloria, 115–116
Ward, Eleanor, 35, 70–71
Warhol (Bockris), 1, 6
Warhol, Andy, 1, 63;
Abstract Expressionism and, 8–9, 14, 58