Up and Down Stairs
Page 40
133. Adams, p. 376.
134. Adams, p. 380.
135. Adams, pp. 382–3.
136. Adams, p. 383.
137. Adams, p. 383.
138. Hartcup, p. 37.
139. Hartcup, p. 37.
140. Beeton, paras 2189–95.
141. E.M. Butler (ed.), A Regency Visitor: The English Tour of Prince PücklerMuskau Described in his Letters 1826–1828 (1957), p. 155.
142. Adams, pp. 409–10.
143. John Kenworthy-Brown, ‘Joseph Paxton (1803–1865)’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004–9) and Kate Colquhon, A Thing in Disguise: the Visionary Life of Joseph Paxton (2004).
144. Devonshire, The House, p. 210.
145. Gerard, p. 198.
146. Hartcup, p. 115.
147. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 105.
148. Gerard, p. 208.
149. Fingall, p. 159.
150. Beeton, para 2153.
151. Beeton, para 2154.
152. Beeton, para 2154.
153. Beeton, para 2154.
154. Beeton, para 1.
155. Beeton, para 17.
156. Horn, Rise and Fall, pp. 123–4.
157. Gerard, p. 164.
158. Gerard, p. 233.
159. Gerard, p. 155.
160. Gerard, pp. 234–5.
Chapter 6: Moving Up or Moving On
1. Gerard, p. 253.
2. Hardyment, pp. 92–4.
3. Horn, Flunkeys, p. 243.
4. Gerard, p. 252.
5. ‘The families of Annesley Park’, extract from a private family history, sent to me by Celia Hanbury, a descendant.
6. Catherine Osborne (ed.), Memorials of Lady Osborne (1870), vol. 1, pp. 5–8.
7. Osborne, p. 5.
8. Osborne, p. 8.
9. Osborne, p. 7.
10. Osborne, pp. 7–8.
11. Elizabeth Smith, Memoirs of a Highland Lady (1911), pp. 170–3.
12. Smith, Memoirs, p. 171.
13. Smith, Memoirs, p. 173 and 377.
14. I am much indebted to the excellent edition edited by Liz Stanley, The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick (1984), afterwards Cullwick; the original manuscript of the diaries is in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge; my thanks to the Master and Fellows, and to the archivist Jonathan Smith, for allowing me to inspect these originals.
15. Trinity MSS, Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, pp. 4–5, Cullwick, pp. 38–41.
16. Cullwick, p. 293.
17. Trinity MSS Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, pp. 4–5.
18. Trinity MSS Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, Cullwick, pp. 6–8.
19. Cullwick, p. 38.
20. Cullwick, pp. 38–9.
21. Cullwick, p. 40.
22. Cullwick, p. 40.
23. Trinity MSS, Munby Collection 8814, ‘Hannah’s Places’, Cullwick, pp. 19–20.
24. Cullwick, p. 41.
25. Cullwick, p. 41.
26. Cullwick, p. 85.
27. Cullwick, p. 107.
28. Lanceley, p. 14.
29. Lanceley, p. 14.
30. Lanceley, p. 23.
31. Lanceley, p. 23.
32. Gerard, p. 210.
33. Gerard, p. 208.
34. Gerard, pp. 208 and 218.
35. Information from James Cartland of Carnfield Hall, Derbyshire.
36. Anon., ‘The Summer Excursion’, in Transactions of the Thoroton Society, vol. III (1899).
37. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 186.
38. Kilgallon memoirs, typescript version (afterwards Kilgallon), now in the Gore-Booth papers in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, with thanks for Dr Anne MacVeigh of PRONI, for her assistance for getting me access to them, quoted here with kind permission of Sir Joscelyn Gore-Booth, Bt. Kilgallon’s memoirs were used as a source for the chapter on Lissadell in Mark Bence-Jones, Life in the Irish Country House (1996), otherwise unpublished.
39. Anne Marreco, The Rebel Countess (1967).
40. Mona Hearn, Below Stairs (1993).
41. Kilgallon, p. 1.
42. Kilgallon, p. 4.
43. Kilgallon, p. 5
44. Kilgallon, p. 8.
45. Kilgallon, pp. 20–1.
46. Kilgallon, p. 21.
47. Kilgallon, pp. 22–3.
48. Kilgallon, p. 23.
49. Kilgallon, p. 19.
50. Kilgallon, p. 23.
51. Kilgallon, p. 23.
52. Kilgallon, p. 24.
53. Kilgallon, p. 25.
54. Kilgallon, p. 26.
55. Kilgallon, p. 26.
56. Eric Horne, What the Butler Winked at (1923), p. 62 (afterwards Horne).
57. Horne, p. 78.
58. Horne, p. 63.
59. Horne, p. 64.
60. Horne, p. 64.
61. Horne, p. 64.
62. Horne, pp. 65–6.
63. Horne, p. 66
64. Horne, pp. 66–7.
65. Horne, pp. 68–9.
66. Horne, p. 84.
67. Horne, p. 71.
68. Horne, p. 71.
69. Horne, pp. 77–9.
70. Horne, p. 83.
71. Horne, p. 85.
72. Horne, p. 93.
73. Horne, p. 94.
74. Horne, p. 95.
75. Horne, pp. 96–7.
76. Horne, pp. 98–9.
77. Horne, p. 127.
78. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 50.
79. Information from Basil Morgan, the Rockingham Castle archivist, extracted in a pamphlet, ‘Diary of a Victorian Lady’, pp. 1–2.
80. Information from Basil Morgan, the Rockingham Castle archivist, extracted in the pamphlet ‘Diary of a Victorian Lady’, p. 2.
81. Sambrook, Keeping their Place, pp. 6–7.
82. Sambrook, Keeping their Place, p. 5.
83. Sambrook, Keeping their Place, pp. 10–11.
84. Sambrook, Keeping their Place, p. 29.
85. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 53.
86. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 54.
87. Carnavon papers, Highclere Castle, Box 3, no. 6, HMC 174, 6/7 May 1873, quoted by kind permission of the Earl and Countess of Carnavon and thanks to Lydia Lebus for researching this material.
88. Carnavon papers, Box 3, no. 6, HMC 174, 6/7 May 1873.
89. Carnavon papers, Box 3, no. 6, HMC 174, 6/7 May 1873.
90. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 51.
91. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 52.
92. MSS at Arundel Castle, dated June 1860, courtesy of the Arundel Castle trustees, and of David Clifton.
93. Information from Mrs Sara Rodger, archivist at Arundel Castle.
94. Hartcup, pp. 96–8.
95. James Miller, Hidden Treasure Houses (2006), pp. 80–95.
96. Copies of these early plans of the house are exhibited at Dalmeny.
97. Duke of Devonshire, Handbook of Chatsworth and Hardwick (1845), pp. 148–9.
98. Devonshire, Handbook, p. 149.
99. Devonshire, Handbook, pp. 149–50.
100. Turner, p. 169.
101. Turner, p. 169.
102. Hardyment, pp. 43–5.
103. Francis Goodwin, Rural Architecture (1835), pp. 3–4 and plates.
104. Goodwin, p. 3.
105. Goodwin, p. 4.
106. William White, ‘Humewood, Co. Wicklow’, in Proceedings of the Royal Institute of British Architects (session 1868–9), 1869, pp. 77–78, and plates (afterwards cited as White).
107. White, pp. 77–80.
108. White, p. 80.
109. White, p. 85.
110. The plans for Humewood are in the Irish Architectural Archive in Dublin; I am grateful to the IAA’s director for drawing my attention to them.
111. Hardyment, p. 18.
112. Hardyment, p. 19.
113. Roger Kerr, The Gentleman’s House (1864), p. 64 (afterwards Kerr).
114. Kerr, pp. 66–8.
115. Kerr, pp. 66–8.
&nbs
p; 116. Kerr, p. 198.
117. Kerr, pp. 199–200.
118. Kerr, p. 199.
119. Kerr, pp. 199–200.
120. Kerr, p. 203.
121. Kerr, p. 202.
122. Jill Franklin, The Gentleman’s Country House and its Plan (1981), p. 91 (afterwards Franklin); Kerr, p. 294 (afterwards Kerr).
123. Kerr, p. 202.
124. Franklin, p. 92.
125. Franklin, p. 93.
126. Kerr, p. 221.
127. Franklin, p. 95; Kerr, p. 224.
128. Sambrook, A Country House at Work, p. 103.
129. Kerr, p. 224.
130. Hardyment, pp. 50–61.
131. Kerr, pp. 228–9.
132. Kerr, p. 231.
133. Hardyment, pp. 64–7.
134. Franklin, p. 95.
135. Franklin, p. 95.
136. Franklin, p. 101.
137. Shared bedrooms were the norm for under servants; see the illustration of the dormitory at Mamhead.
138. Michael Trinick, Lanhydrock, revised edition (1992), pp. 14–18.
139. Trinick, p. 22.
140. Trinick, pp. 22–30.
141. Hardyment, p. 25.
142. Mark Girouard, The Victorian Country House (1979), p. 27.
143. Earl and Countess of Aberdeen, We Twa: Reminiscences of Lord and Lady Aberdeen, vol. 2 (1929), pp. 1–10 (afterwards Aberdeen).
144. Aberdeen, p. 2.
145. Aberdeen, p. 2.
146. Aberdeen, p. 5.
147. Aberdeen, p. 7.
148. Aberdeen, p. 10.
149. H.G. Wells, Tono-Bungay (1964), pp. 12–13.
Chapter 7: In Retreat from a Golden Age
1. Pamela Horn, Life Below Stairs in the Twentieth Century (2003), p. 12.
2. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 171; Gerard, Country House Life, pp. 282–3.
3. Horn, Rise and Fall, p. 185.
4. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 11.
5. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 10.
6. Frederick Gorst, Carriages and Kings (1956), pp. 126–7 (afterwards Gorst).
7. Gorst, p. 136.
8. Gorst, p. 137.
9. Gorst, p. 136.
10. Gorst, pp. 128–9.
11. Gorst, p. 149.
12. Gorst, p. 151.
13. Gorst, pp. 132–3.
14. Gorst, p. 133.
15. Gorst, p. 133.
16. Gorst, p. 133.
17. Gorst, pp. 132–3.
18. Gorst, p. 134.
19. Gorst, p. 134.
20. Gorst, p. 141.
21. Gorst, pp. 159–60.
22. Gorst, p. 13.
23. Gorst, p. 130.
24. Story told by the Dowager Duchess of Devonshire in an interview with the author, 9 January 2009.
25. Rosina Harrison (ed.), Gentlemen’s Gentlemen (1978), pp. 26–7.
26. Catherine Bailey, Black Diamonds (2007), pp. 6–7.
27. Michael Hall, Waddesdon Manor: The Heritage of a Rothschild House (2002), pp. 204–10 (afterwards Hall).
28. Hall, pp. 194–210.
29. Hall, pp. 224–5.
30. Hall, pp. 230–1.
31. Interview with Mr Gautier, conducted by the National Trust in June 1992, typescript in the Waddesdon Collection.
32. Letter in the Waddeson Collection, dated 20 November 1917.
33. Notes from his grandson, John Macleod.
34. Notes from John Macleod.
35. Horn, Life Below Stairs, pp. 117–18.
36. Tom Turner, Memoirs of a Gamekeeper (1954), pp. 17–32 and 51–61.
37. Jonathan Ruffer, The Big Shots (1978), p. 57.
38. Merlin Waterson (ed.), The Country House Remembered: Recollections of Life Between the Wars (1985), p. 88.
39. Merlin Waterson (ed.), The Country House Remembered, p. 88.
40. Herman Muthesius, The English House (1904–5), edited and translated by Dennis Sharp, republished by Frances Lincoln in 2007, vol. II, pp. 61–2 (afterwards Muthesius).
41. Muthesius, II, p. 62.
42. Muthesius, II, p. 63.
43. Muthesius, II, p. 74.
44. Muthesius, II, p. 73.
45. Clive Aslet, The Last Country Houses (1982), p. 99 (afterwards Aslet).
46. Seen on a visit to Waddesdon Manor.
47. National Trust guidebook, Castle Drogo (1995), pp. 20–3.
48. Hardyment, p. 44.
49. Aslet, pp. 105–6.
50. Lady Diana Cooper, The Rainbow Comes and Goes, first published 1954 (1982), pp. 34–5.
51. Cooper, The Rainbow Comes and Goes, p. 35.
52. Harrison (ed.), Gentlemen’s Gentlemen, p. 33.
53. Devonshire, The House, p. 58.
54. Fingall, pp. 115–16.
55. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 23.
56. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 23.
57. Horn, Life Below Stairs, pp. 23–4.
58. Letter from John Whittley, kept at Sudeley Castle; my thanks to Lydia Lebus and Jean Bray, the archivist at Sudeley.
59. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 25.
60. From the diary of James Stevenson of Braidwood, Lanarkshire, 6 November 1915, with thanks to Hew Stevenson for identifying these passages, and James Stevenson-Hamilton for permission to use them.
61. 2 June 1917, from the diary of Colonel James Stevenson.
62. 6 March 1924, from the diary of Colonel James Stevenson.
63. Aslet, p. 99.
64. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 36.
65. Lanceley, p. 155.
66. Lanceley, pp. 155–6.
67. Lanceley, pp. 157–9.
68. Horne, p. 9.
69. Horne, p. 13.
70. Horne, p. 109.
71. Horne, p. 263.
72. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 25.
73. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 25.
74. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 42.
75. Horn, Life Below Stairs, p. 36.
76. Frank Dawes, Not in Front of the Servants (1973), p. 147.
77. Gorden Grimmett in Harrison (ed.), Gentlemen’s Gentlemen, p. 26.
78. Harrison (ed), Gentlemen’s Gentlemen, pp. 33–5.
79. Harrison (ed), Gentlemen’s Gentlemen, pp. 17–18.
80. Charles Smith, Fifty years with Mounbatten (1980), pp. 17–19.
81. Charles Smith, p. 18.
82. Charles Smith, p. 19.
83. Devonshire, The House, pp. 55–7.
84. Devonshire, The House, pp. 55–7.
85. Rosina Harrison, Rose: My Life in Service (1975), pp. 110–11.
86. Harrison, My Life, pp. 128–9.
87. Mrs Davidson, typescript of 1971 interview with James Dugdale, now Lord Crathorne; quoted with kind permission.
88. Mrs Davidson (1971).
89. Mrs Davidson (1971).
90. Waterson (ed.), The Country House Remembered, p. 195.