Up and Down Stairs

by Jeremy Musson

  Scott-Thomson, Gladys, Life in a Noble Household 1641–1700 (Jonathan Cape), London, 1965

  Sidebotham, Andrew, Brampton Bryan: Church and Castle, Brampton Bryan, 1990

  Slater, Miriam, Family Life in the Seventeenth Century: The Verneys of Claydon House (Routledge & Kegan Paul), London, 1984

  Steen, Sara-Jane (ed.), The Letters of Lady Arbella Stuart (Oxford University Press), Oxford, 1994

  Steer, Francis (ed.), ‘Easton Lodge Inventory, 1637’, in Essex Review, Colchester, Vol. LXI, January 1952

  Taylor-Lewis, Thomas (ed.), Letters of the Lady Brilliana Harley (Camden Society), London, 1854

  Tomalin, Claire, Samuel Pepys: The Unequalled Self (Penguin), London, 2002

  Verney, Sir Harry, The Verneys of Claydon: A Seventeenth-Century English Family (Robert Maxwell), London, 1968

  Wall, Wendy, Staging Domesticity: Household Work and Identity in Early Modern Drama (Cambridge University Press), Cambridge, 1992

  Whyman, Susan, Sociability and Power in Late-Stuart England: The Cultural Worlds of the Verneys 1660–1720 (Oxford University Press), Oxford, 1999

  Woolley, Hannah, The Gentlewomans Companion (Maxwell), London, 1675

  Worsley, Lucy, Cavalier: A Tale of Chivalry, Passion and Great Houses (Faber), London, 2007

  THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

  Baird, Rosemary, Goodwood: Art and Architecture, Sport and Family (Frances Lincoln), London, 2007

  Briggs, Asa (ed.), ‘How They Lived’, Vol. III (Basil Blackwell), Oxford, 1969

  Christie, Christopher, The British Country House in the Eighteenth Century (Manchester University Press), Manchester, 2000

  Clutton, George (Sir), ‘The Gardeners of the Eighth Lord Petre’, Essex Naturalist, Vol.32 (1967–71), pp. 201–210.

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  Dolan, Brian, Ladies of the Grand Tour (Flamingo), London, 2002

  Glasse, Hannah, The Servants Directory, Improved, or, House-Keepers Companion (J. Potts), Dublin, 2nd edn, 1762

  Gordon, Lyndall, Vindication: A Life of Mary Wollstonecraft (Virago), London, 2006

  Hanway, Jonas, Eight Letters to His Grace the Duke of — on the custom of Vails-Giving in England, London, 1760

  Hecht, Jean, The Domestic Servant Class in Eighteenth Century England (Routledge & Kegan Paul), London, 1956

  Hill, Bridget, English Domestic Servants in the 18th Century (Oxford University Press), Oxford, 1996

  Horn, Pamela, Flunkeys and Scullions: Life Below Stairs in Georgian England (Sutton Publishing), Stroud, 2004

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  Lehmann, Gilly, The British Housewife: Cookery Books, Cooking and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Prospect Books), Totnes, 2003

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  Macarthey, Patricia, ‘Vails and Travails: how Lord Kildare kept his household in order’, in Irish Architectural and Decorative Studies, Vol.IV (2003), pp. 120–39.

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  Schmidt, Leo (ed.), Holkham (Prestel), London, 2006

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  Wilson, Richard and Mackley, Alan, Creating Paradise: The Building of the English Country House 1660–1880 (Hambledon and London), London and New York, 2000

  THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

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  Gathorne-Hardy, Jonathan, The Rise and Fall of the British Nanny (Hodder & Stoughton), London, 1972

  Gerard, Jessica, Country House Life: Family and Servants 1815–1914 (Blackwell), Oxford, 1994

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  Goodwin, Francis, Rural Architecture (John Weale), London, 1835

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  Stanley, Liz, The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant (Ruttgers University Press), Piscataway, NJ, 1984

  Sykes, Christophes Simon, Country House Camera (Book Club Associates/Weidenfeld and Nicolson), London, 1980

  Thompson, F.M.L., English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century (Routledge & Kegan Paul), London, 19
63

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  Wells, H.G., Tono-Bungay, first published 1909, republished 1964 (Pan Books), London, 1964

  Wells, H.G., Experiments in Autobiography (Victor Gollancz), London, 1934

  THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

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  Aslet, Clive, The Last Country Houses (Yale University Press), London and New Haven, 1982

  Bailey, Catharine, Black Diamonds (Penguin), London, 2008

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  McCrum, Robert, Wodehouse: A Life (Viking Penguin), London, 2004

  Powell, Margaret, Below Stairs (Peter Davies), London, 1968

  Robinson, John Martin, The Country House at War (Bodley Head), London, 1989

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  Sackville-West, Vita, The Edwardians, 1930 (republished Virago), London, 1983

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  Wodehouse, P.G., Money in the Bank (Doubleday Doran), New York, 1942

  Worsthorne, Peregrine, Tricks of Memory: An Autobiography (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), London, 1993

  Ziegler, Philip, Osbert Sitwell (Random House), London, 1999

  THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY

  Ager, Stanley and St Aubyn, Fiona, The Butler’s Guide to Clothes Care, Managing the Table, Running the Home and Other Graces (Simon & Schuster), London and New York, 1980

  Beard, Madeliene, English Landed Society in the Twentieth Century (Routledge), London, 1989

  Cartland, Barbara, Etiquette Handbook: A Guide to Good Behaviour from the Boudoir to the Boardroom, 1962 (reprinted Random House, London, 2008)

  Cornforth, John, The Country Houses of England, 1948–1998 (Constable), London, 1998

  Devonshire, the Duchess of, The House: A Portrait of Chatsworth (Macmillan/Book Club Associates), London, 1982

  Devonshire, the Duchess of, Counting My Chickens and Other Home Thoughts (Long Barn), Ebrington, 2001

  Horn, Pamela, Life Below Stairs in the Twentieth Century (Sutton Publishing), Stroud, 2003

  Inch, Arthur and Hirst, Arlene, Dinner is Served: An English Butler’s Guide to the Art of the Table (Running Press), London, 2003

  McCrum, Robert, Wodehouse: A Life (Penguin), London, 2004

  Martin, Brian P., Tales of Old Gamekeepers (David & Charles), Newton Abbot, 1989

  Musgrave, Toby, The Head Gardeners (Aurum Press), London, 2007

  National Trust, The National Trust Manual of Housekeeping: The Care of Collections in Historic Houses Open to the Public (Butterworth and Heinemann), London, 2005

  Nichols, Beverley, Down the Kitchen Sink (W.H. Allen), London, 1974

  Powell, Margaret, Below Stairs (Pan Books), London, 1970

  Powers, Alan, The Twentieth Century House in Britain (Aurum Press), London, 2004

  Robinson, John Martin, The Latest Country Houses (Bodley Head), London, 1983

  Sebald, W.G., The Rings of Saturn (Vintage), London, 2002

  Sykes, Christopher Simon, The Big House: The Story of a Country House and its Family (Harper Perennial), London, 2005

  Tyack, Geoffrey, Cliveden and the Astor Household Between the Wars, pamphlet, 1982

  Worsthorne, Peregrine, Tricks of Memory (Weidenfeld and Nicolson), London, 1993

  Table of Contents

  Introduction

  1. The Visible and Glorious Household From the later Middle Ages to the end of the Sixteenth Century

  2. The Beginning of the Back Stairs and the Servants’ Hall The Seventeenth Century

  3. The Household in the Age of Conspicuous Consumption The Eighteenth Century

  4. Behind the Green Baize Door The Eighteenth Century

  5. The Apogee The Nineteenth Century

  6. Moving Up or Moving On The Nineteenth Century

  7. In Retreat from a Golden Age The first half of the Twentieth century

  8. Staying On: A Changing World The later Twentieth Century

  Acknowledgements

  Notes

  Bibliography and Sources