Tomatoland: How Modern Industrial Agriculture Destroyed Our Most Alluring Fruit

by Barry Estabrook

  Bibliography

  Allen, Arthur. Ripe: The Search for the Perfect Tomato. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2010.

  Bales, Kevin, and Ron Soodalter. The Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking and Slavery in America Today. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.

  Barndt, Deborah. Tangled Routes: Women, Work, and Globalization on the Tomato Trail. 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2008.

  Bowe, John. Nobodies: Modern American Slave Labor and the Dark Side of the New Global Economy. New York: Random House, 2007.

  Conover, Ted. Coyotes: A Journey through the Secret World of America’s Illegal Aliens. New York: Vintage, 1987.

  Fromartz, Samuel. Organic, Inc.: Natural Foods and How They Grew. Orlando: Harcourt, 2006.

  Goldman, Amy. The Heirloom Tomato from Garden to Table: Recipes, Portraits, and History of the World’s Most Beautiful Fruit. New York: Bloomsbury, 2008.

  Kimbrell, Andrew, ed. The Fatal Harvest Reader: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.

  Livingston, Alexander W. Livingston and the Tomato. Foreword and appendix by Andrew F. Smith. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1998.

  Martineau, Belinda. First Fruit: The Creation of the Flavr Savr Tomato and the Birth of Genetically Engineered Food. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

  Martínez, Rubén. Crossing Over: A Mexican Family on the Migrant Trail. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2001.

  McPhee, John. Oranges. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1967.

  Olson, Stephen M., and Bielinski Santos, eds. Vegetable Production Handbook for Florida 2010–2011. Gainesville: University of Florida, 2010.

  Parsons, Russ. How to Pick a Peach: The Search for Flavor from Farm to Table. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.

  Pawel, Miriam. The Union of Their Dreams: Power, Hope, and Struggle in Cesar Chavez’s Farm Worker Movement. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009.

  Pawlick, Thomas F. The End of Food: How the Food Industry Is Destroying Our Food Supply—and What You Can Do about It. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 2006.

  Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006.

  Rothenberg, Daniel. With These Hands: The Hidden World of Migrant Farmworkers Today. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

  Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

  Schlosser, Eric. Reefer Madness: Sex, Drugs, and Cheap Labor in the American Black Market. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.

  Smith, Andrew F. The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1994.

  Stark, Tim. Heirloom: Notes from an Accidental Tomato Farmer. New York: Broadway Books, 2008.

  Stewart, Keith. It’s a Long Road to Tomato: Tales of an Organic Farmer Who Quit the Big City for the (Not So) Simple Life. New York: Marlowe, 2006.

  Thissen, Carlene A. Immokalee’s Fields of Hope. New York: iUniverse, 2004.

  Watt, Bernice K., and Annabel L. Merrill. Composition of Foods: Raw, Processed, Prepared, Agricultural Handbook No. 8. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture, 1964.

  Wilkinson, Alec. Big Sugar: Seasons in the Cane Fields of Florida. New York: Knopf, 1989.

  Index

  A

  acids, 1

  advertising copy, 1

  African Americans, 1, 2, 3

  Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1

  Ag-Mart Produce, Inc., 1, 2, 3, 4

  birth defects and, 1, 2, 3

  chemical withdrawal, 1, 2

  methyl bromide use, 1

  pesticides use, 1

  Schell settlements, 1

  settlement, 1

  agrichemicals. See also fertilizers, chemical; fungicides; herbicides; insecticide; pesticide

  quantities used in Florida vs. California, 1

  reproductive disorders and use of, 1

  Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, 1

  AIDs education program, 1

  Ailsa Craig, 1

  Aim, 1

  Alachua, Florida, 1

  alligator health, 1

  Anti-Slavery International, 1

  Aramark, 1

  Arrow, 1

  artisanal economics, 1

  Arysta LifeScience, 1

  Asbed, Greg, 1

  Atacama Desert, 1

  Audubon Society, 1

  avermectin (insecticide), 1, 2

  Aztec, 1

  B

  Bacillus thuringiensis, 1

  Bad Actors, 1. See also specific Bad Actors

  banana, 1

  Bastianich, Lidia, 1

  bathroom breaks, 1

  Bauer, Mary, 1, 2

  Bayer CropScience, 1

  Beard, James, 1

  Beard on Food (Beard), 1

  Beddard, Tom, 1

  Bejo Seeds, Inc., 1

  Benitez, Lucas, 1, 2, 3

  Brown and, 1

  CIW and, 1

  Crist to, 1

  Birds, death of, 1

  birth defects, 1, 2, 3, See also specific cases

  Lake Apopka, 1

  pesticide exposure and, 1

  Block, John R., 1

  Blocker, Jerry, 1

  Blocker, Kimberlee, 1

  Bloody Butcher, 1

  Blund, E. S., 1

  Boca Raton, 1

  Bon Appétit Management Co., 1

  “Boot the Bell,” 1

  bottleneck effect, 1

  bottom mix, 1

  Brandywine, xi, 1

  breeders, tomato, 1, 2, 3

  Klee on, 1

  Britain, tomatoes in, 1

  Brown, Reggie, 1, 2, 3

  Benitez and, 1

  Burger King and, 1

  CIW and, 1

  on food safety, 1

  on housing conditions, 1

  on labor laws, 1

  Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions and, 1

  on tomato industry, 1

  UglyRipe and, 1

  buffer zone, 1

  bugs, 1

  Burger King, 1

  Brown and, 1

  in Campaign for Fair Food, 1

  surfxholic36 and, 1

  Bush, George W., 1

  Bush, Jeb, 1, 2

  C

  calcium content, x

  California, 1. See also canning tomatoes; University of California Davis; University of California Los Angeles

  agrichemical quantities used in, 1

  harvest in, 1

  pesticide exposure cases in, 1

  Caloosahatchee River, 1

  Campaign for Fair Food, 1, 2, 3, See also specific companies involved

  Lady Moon Farms and, 1

  SAFE and, 1

  Canada, 1, 2

  Candelario, Abraham, 1, 2, 3

  canning tomatoes, xiii, 1, 2

  Carlos Herrera-Candelario v. Ag-Mart Produce, Inc., 1

  Castaneda, Nolasco, 1

  Castro, Fidel, 1

  Category I Acute Toxin, 1

  Catholic church of Immokalee, 1

  Center for Media and Democracy, 1

  El Chacal, 1

  Chasing the Sun Training Acknowledgement, 1

  Chefs Collaborative, 1

  chemical defense system, 1

  Cherokee Purple, 1

  Cherry Berry, 1

  Cherry Roma, 1, 2

  Chetelat, Roger, 1, 2, 3, 4

  on disease, 1

  Chidsey, John, 1

  child labor, xvi, 1

  child-care programs, 1, 2

  Children’s Medical Services of Lee County, 1

  Chile, 1

  Chiles, Lawton, 1

  “chilling injury,” 1

  Chipotle Mexican Grill, 1

  chlorination, 1

  Cisneros, Yolanda, 1

  citric, 1

  CIW. See Coalition of Immokalee Workers

  C.M. Rick Tomato Gene
tics Resource Center, 1, 2, 3

  collection, 1

  Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW), 1, 2, 3, 4. See also Campaign for Fair Food

  Benitez and, 1

  boxing match, 1

  Brown and, 1

  early days, 1

  fast food companies confrontation, 1

  Flores and, 1

  Florida governors and, 1

  members, 1

  surfxaholic36 and, 1

  Whole Foods Market and, 1

  Cobra, 1

  Coles, Robert, 1

  Colfer, Joan, 1

  Collier County Health Department, 1, 2

  Columbian Exchange, 1

  community, pesticide exposure in, 1

  Community Development Credit Union, 1

  Compass Group, 1

  conservation challenge, 1

  consumer satisfaction, 1

  convict lease programs, 1

  cookbook, first appearance of tomato in, 1

  Corkscrew Swamp, 1

  Cortés, Hernán, 1

  cover crops, 1, 2, 3

  “coyote,” 1

  crew

  bosses, 1

  regular members of, 1

  crime

  index, 1

  prevention practices, 1

  “crimson” gene, 1

  Crist, Charlie, 1, 2

  to Benitez, 1

  to Reyes, 1

  crop

  cover, 1, 2, 3

  development, 1

  management, 1

  rotation, 1

  cross-pollination, 1

  Cuban tomatoes, 1

  cubeta, 1

  Cuello, Abel, 1

  culture, tomato, 1

  D

  Dade County, 1

  Daiker, Davis, 1

  Davilos, Ricardo, 1

  Davis, Shelly, 1

  debt-peonage, 1, 2

  deformities. See birth defects

  degreened. See ethylene gas

  Department of Agriculture, U.S., x, 1

  pesticide residue findings by, xiii, 1

  Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, 1

  Department of Health and Human Services, U.S., 1

  deportation risks, 1

  developmental and reproductive toxins, 1

  Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, 1

  DiGrigoli, Paula, 1

  DiMare Fresh, 1

  disease, 1. See also specific diseases

  fungal, xiii, 1

  resistance, 1

  DNA sequencing, 1, 2, 3

  domestic tomato. See Solanum lycopersicum

  domestication of tomato, 1, 2

  Domingo, Lucas Mariano, 1, 2, 3

  Dominguez, Juan, 1

  drip irrigation, 1

  DuPont, 1

  Durbin, Richard, 1

  E

  East Coast Growers and Packers, 1, 2

  Eckerton Hill Farm, 1

  wages, 1

  Economos, Jeannie, 1

  Ecuador, 1

  Edgar, 1

  Edison, Glendell, 1

  education

  AIDs, program, 1

  popular, 1

  El Calvario Fuente de Vida, 1

  employee, 1

  Enriques, Hilda, 1

  Environmental Protection Agency, U.S., 1, 2, 3, See also Worker Protection Standard

  pesticide approval, 1

  environmental threats, 1

  Environmental Working Group, 1

  ESCA, 1

  ethylene gas, x, 1, 1. See also ripening, artificial

  commercial applications, 1

  gas chambers, 1

  Europe, 1

  Everglades, Florida, 1

  Everglades Community Association, 1

  Everglades Farmworker Village, 1

  day care centers, 1

  evolution, of tomato, 1

  exports, 1

  “extended shelf life,” 1

  extract, tomato, 1

  F

  Fair Food Code of Conduct, 1

  fair trade, 1

  fallow fields, 1

  farmworker, 1. See also workers, tomato

  average household income for, 1

  benefits/overtime for, 1

  justice, 1

  legalized discrimination against, 1

  life expectancy, 1

  Farmworker Association of Florida, 1, 2

  air tests, 1

  Farmworker Community Support Foundation, 1

  Farmworker Justice Fund, 1

  fast food companies. See also Burger King; Campaign for Fair Food; Taco Bell

  CIW confrontation with, 1

  Federal Marketing Order 966, 1

  fertilizers, chemical, 1

  for maximum production, 1

  use in dollars, 1

  Firestorm, 1

  flavor, 1

  analysis, 1

  genes that affect, 1

  temperature and, 1

  flooding fields, 1

  Flores, Miguel, 1, 2

  Florida. See also specific places and organization

  agrichemicals quantities in, 1

  environmental threats, 1

  governors and CIW, 1

  growing conditions, 1

  pesticide exposure cases in, 1

  slavery history in, 1

  soil, 1

  Florida 7907, 1

  Florida 8059, 1

  Florida 8153, 1. See also Tasti-Lee

  Florida Bay, Florida, 1

  Florida Board of Education, 1

  Florida Consumer Action Network, 1

  Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1, 2, 3

  pesticide complaints before, 1

  pesticide-abuse investigation and enforcement program, 1

  Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, 1, 2

  “Florida rounds,” 1

  Florida tomato

  business model, 1

  ethylene gassing of, 1

  exports, 1

  freeze of 2010 and, 1, 2

  growing conditions, 1

  harvest, 1

  history, 1

  imported foods vs., 1

  Mexican tomato vs., 1

  percentage of, in United States, 1

  planting, 1

  production of, 1, 2

  pruning, 1

  ripening, 1

  salmonella outbreak and, 1, 2

  sanitation efforts, 1

  staking, 1

  winter fields, 1

  Florida Tomato Committee, 1, 2

  authority of, 1

  donations, 1

  UglyRipe and, 1

  Florida Tomato Growers Exchange, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Campaign for Fair Food and, 1

  Florida tomato industry, 1

  boom years, 1

  Brown on, 1

  business model, 1

  financial difficulties, 1

  Food and Drug Administration, U.S.

  pesticide residue findings by, 1

  salmonella outbreak and, xiv, 1

  food safety, 1

  food-poisoning outbreaks, 1

  Fort Myers News-Press, 1

  France, 1

  freeze of 2010, 1, 2

  Freire, Paulo, 1

  Fridkin, Jeffrey, 1

  Friends of the Earth, 1

  Frost, Charlie, 1

  Fuchs, Leonhart, 1

  fumigation, 1. See also methyl bromide

  buffer zone, 1

  drift problem, 1

  fungal diseases, 1, 2

  fungicides, 1

  quantity of use, 1

  furaneol, 1

  fusarium wilt, 1, 2

  G

  Gabriel, Julia, 1

  Galapagos Islands, 1

  Galindo, Emilio, 1, 2

  Garcia, Carlos Chavez, 1

  gardeners, 1

  Gargiulo, Inc., 1, 2

  “gas chromatograph,” 1

  Genetic Disorders and the Fetus: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment (Milunsky),
1

  genetic variations, 1

  genetically modified foods, 1, 2

  Gerard, John, 1

  Germany, 1

  Germino, Laura, 1

  Gidget, 1

  GoalTender, 1

  Gomez, Sebastian, 1

  Gonzales, Guadalupe, III, 1

  graders, 1

  green tomatoes, 1

  greenhouse tomatoes, xiv, 1

  Greenmarket program, 1

  Greenmarket Union Square, 1

  grey leaf spot, 1

  Grimaldi, Victor, 1

  Grossman Roth, 1

  Grover, Shannon, 1

  Grover, Steven F., 1

  growing conditions, 1

  Guadalupe Center, 1

  H

  Hague Convention, 1

  “harboring illegal aliens,” 1

  hardness, 1

  Harvest of Shame, 1

  harvesting, 1, 2, 3

  Hatch, Orrin, 1

  Head Start, 1

  health

  alligator, 1

  benefits of wild tomatoes, 1

  care workers reporting suspected pesticide poisoning, 1

  pesticides and, 1

  Heirloom: Notes from an Accidental Tomato Farmer (Stark), 1

  Hendrix, Joel, 1

  Herball (Gerard), 1

  herbicides, 1, 1

  quantity of use, in pounds, 1

  Herrera, Francisca, 1, 2, 3

  deposition of, 1

  Herrera, Gladys, 1

  Herrera-Candelario, Carlos, 1, 2, 3

  Hispanic migrants, xiv, 1. See also specific people and cases

  Hoffman, Peter, 1

  Homestead, Florida, 1

  Horticultural Sciences Department, 1

  horticulture, 1, 2

  hot mix, 1

  housing conditions, 1

  Brown on, 1

  housing standards, 1

  human trafficking, 1. See also slavery, modern-day; Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000

  violation of laws, 1

  humidity, 1, 2

  hunger strike, 1, 1

  Hurricane Andrew, 1

  Hurricane Jeanne, 1

  hydroponic technology, 1, 2, 3

  hygiene, 1

  I

  illustrations, tomato, 1

  Immokalee, Florida, 1, 2, 3, 1. See also Coalition of Immokalee Workers; specific cases in Immokalee

  Catholic church of, 1

  crime index, 1

  crime-prevention practices in, 1

  education, 1

  housing, 1

  investigation into deformities in, 1

  per capita income, 1

  rent in, 1

  Immokalee Workers’ Fair Food Code of Conduct, 1

  imported foods, 1

  inbreeding, 1

  indigenous diet, 1

  Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Kohman), 1

  insect species, 1

  insecticide, 1, 2