The Whiskey Rebellion
Page 34
gathering unity of, 129
Mingo Creek Association and, 115
Neville’s popularity in, 97
regional independence movement in, 16
squatters at, 19
Washington’s impressions of, 138–40
Westsylvania and, 57
whiskey in, 66, 70
whiskey tax and, 28
Fox, Joseph, 103
France, 31
decapitation of king in, 130, 138, 169
possible war with, 239
in Seven Years’ War, 13–14, 98
Franklin (state), 16, 57
Frederick’s Town, Md., 203
French and Indian War, see Seven Years’ War
French Revolution, 130, 137, 138
Friendship Hill, 122
Fulton, Alexander, 165–68, 220, 225, 245n, 269n
Gallatin, Albert, 242, 262n, 269n, 270n
A. Hamilton’s investigation of, 225–26, 230, 233, 238
Brackenridge’s understanding with, 197, 272n
as moderate, 170
Neville campaign against, 227
Parkinson’s Ferry committee speech of, 201
Parkinson’s Ferry congress and, 181
on rebel negotiating committee, 193, 197
at second Pittsburgh convention, 122–23
Gates, Horatio, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 255n
Gazette, see Pittsburgh Gazette
Germantown, Pa., 99, 209
Gibson, John, 171, 172, 177
Glades, 25, 85–86, 89
gold standard, 88
grand western congress, see Parkinson’s Ferry congress
Granville, Lord, 79
Great Awakening, 34, 73–77, 80, 260n
Great Britain, 68, 73, 80, 130, 198, 229, 240
militias’ proposed alliance with, 169
Great Columbian Federal City, construction of, 3
Green Mountain Boys, 168
Greensburg, Pa., 191
Green Tree Tavern, see Sign of the Green Tree Tavern
Grindletonians, 80
Hamilton, Alexander, 2, 29, 31, 32, 35, 37, 40, 44, 51, 133–35, 136–37, 220–21
appointment to Treasury of, 57
and army-supply reform, 113–14
Brackenridge’s criticism of, 110, 113
central bank and, 111, 133
childhood and background of, 28–29
in conflict with Jefferson, 1
congressional investigations of, 112, 133–34
domestic debt and, 59, 256n
Dutch debt and, 135–36
Findley as enemy of, 115, 170, 208, 214
on governmental force, 271n
Militia Act supported by, 112, 196–97
modern biographies of, 247
national finance and, 94, 110
Newburgh crisis and, 42, 44–46, 47–49, 124, 255n
R. Morris’s finance plans and, 36–37, 39, 253n
reports to Congress of, 60–61, 62–64, 67, 105, 136
retirement of, 239
Shays Rebellion as viewed by, 53, 257n
taxes and, 58–59
vision for America of, 71, 91
W. Bradford’s letter to, 199–200
Walpole’s influence on, 252n
as Washington’s staff officer, 42–44
yellow fever contracted by, 130, 135
Hamilton, Alexander, Whiskey Rebellion and, 7, 9, 185, 206, 209, 211, 223, 237, 239, 276n
admonition to Lee to postdate orders of, 195
as acting secretary of war, 192, 210
arrests made under the direction of, 219–21
Brackenridge and, 227–28, 231–35, 238
civilian deaths and, 213
Findley’s and Redick’s meeting with, 207, 214–16
Husband as prime suspect of, 259n
investigative tactics of, 223–25
J. Hamilton and, 226–27
Lee’s general orders conveyed by, 217
letter to Mifflin by, 218
letter to Washington by, 218
Mifflin disputed by, 196
military action urged by, 189, 190, 192
military expedition against rebels considered by, 115, 117, 124–26, 129, 130, 141, 188–89, 206, 263n, 264n–65n
report on insurrection by, 187–88, 245n–46n, 265n, 267n
reports to Washington by, 225
role in cabinet war council of, 195, 271n
supply-impressment order issued by, 218
“Tully” articles by, 195–96, 203, 210
on usefulness to nation of Rebellion, 240
Washington’s relationship to tactics of, 217–18, 223–24
Hamilton, Alexander, whiskey tax and, 8, 28, 29, 33, 40, 51, 52
Brackenridge on, 110
congressional reports on, 60–64, 67
large-scale distillers and, 69–70, 131
manual for collection of, 102
petitions on, 111, 112–13, 114
as wealth redistribution, 68–70
Hamilton, Daniel, 21–23, 24, 28, 33, 70, 103, 104–5, 165, 167, 220
Hamilton, David, 121, 155–56, 157, 158–59, 162, 177, 268n, 269n
Hamilton, John, 21, 24, 118–19, 121, 122, 151, 169, 175, 226–27, 235, 268n, 275n
Harrisburg, Pa., 209
Hillsborough, N.C., 82
History of the Insurrection (Findley), 245n
Holcroft, John, 131, 147–48, 150, 205, 225
House of Representatives, U.S., 24
securities funded by, 61–62
see also Congress, U.S.
Howell, Governor, 212
Hume, David, 33
Husband, Emmy, 84–85, 86, 243–44, 259n, 261n
Husband, Herman, 86, 172, 203, 236, 237, 248n, 259n–61n
administration’s desire for arrest of, 217
aliases of, 85–86
Alleghenies explored by, 87
arrest of, 219–20, 225
as assemblyman, 83
childhood of, 71–72
Constitution as viewed by, 93, 261n
death of, 243, 277n
early political views of, 80–81
federal government envisioned by, 91–93, 94–95
first marriage of, 79
Hillsborough riot and, 82
as “Hutrim Hutrim,” 91
indictment of, 243
militia plans of, 117
North Carolina move of, 79
in Parkinson’s Ferry congress, 182
in Pennsylvania assembly, 87–88
as “the Philosopher of the Allegheny,” 91
in Quaker meeting, 78–80
on rebel negotiating committee, 193, 197
as Regulator, 82–84
religious reflections and struggles of, 25–26, 71, 77–78, 252n
revelation of, 89–91
third marriage of, 84
Wells’s evidence against, 179
Whitefield heard by, 73–75
Husband, Isaac Tuscape, 86
Husband, John, 86, 90, 243
Husband, William, 90
“Hutrim Hutrim,” 91
impost, 37, 39–40, 47, 52, 58, 59
impressment, 218
Incidents of the Insurrection (Brackenridge), 246n, 259n, 268n, 269n, 270n, 272n, 273n, 275n
Indian Queen, 127
Indians, 198, 229
in American Revolution, 15
attacks on western settlers by, 56–57, 89
Brackenridge’s disdain for, 18–19
British arms sales to, 14
Forks lands sold by, 15
Husband family and, 86
Husband’s proposed government and, 92, 93
McFarlane’s trade with, 151
royal proclamations regarding, 13, 14, 139
wars against, 1, 101, 120, 146, 147, 168, 240, 262n
Iroquois, Six Nations of, 12
Jacobs Creek, 12
Jay, John, 124, 125
Jefferson, Thomas, 1, 2, 134,
135, 136, 242
Johnson, Robert, 20–21, 24, 28, 103, 117, 118, 143, 144, 151, 158–59, 178, 251n–52n, 263n, 271n
Justice Department, U.S., Wells’s testimony to, 129
Kentucky, 137, 164
military spending in, 113
Mingo Creek Association and, 117
new-state movements and, 57
rebels’ escape to, 209
whiskey tax and, 124, 141
Kirkpatrick, Abraham, 100, 101, 114, 146, 162, 228, 268n
Andrew McFarlane’s threat against, 177
defense of Bower Hill by, 150, 152–54, 167
eviction from Pittsburgh of, 171, 172, 175, 178, 180
letters to Washington from, 190
as prisoner of rebels, 155–56
threats to property of, 177
Knox, Henry, 101, 126, 136, 262n
Brackenridge’s mimicry of, 164
call to militias of, 190
Craig’s letter to, 156, 185
Maine visit of, 192, 272n
military expedition urged by, 189, 271n
in the Newburgh crisis, 41, 42, 48
Lafayette, Marquis de, 43
Le Beouf, Fort, 194
Lee, Charles, 42
Lee, Henry:
arrests ordered by, 219–21
and “Blackbeard” White, 222
and Brackenridge, 230, 234
postdating orders of, 195
and prisoners, 223
Rebellion suppressed by, 210–11, 216, 217–18, 219, 224, 225, 238, 275n
Virginia militia called out by, 192
Lee, Thomas, 192
Lenox, David, 150, 157, 190, 259n, 268n–69n
at Bower Hill attack, 153
Brackenridge’s meeting with, 144–46, 267n
escape from Pittsburgh of, 159, 161
as prisoner of rebels, 155
summonses served by, 144–46, 148, 185
W. Bradford’s meeting with, 191
levelers, 80, 88
Lexington, Battle of, 98
liberty poles, 132, 145, 182, 203, 208, 213, 221, 265n, 270n
Lives (Plutarch), 230–31
Long, Jacob, 132
“Louis Capet has Lost His Caput” (Brackenridge), 138
Louisiana, Spanish, 56
Louisiana territory, 242
Loyalists, 87
Lucian, 17
Lynn, John, 143–44, 267n
McFarlane, Andrew, 151–52, 156, 162, 165, 174, 177, 205
McFarlane, James, 151–54, 155, 162, 166–67
Madison, James, 17, 20, 107, 242, 258n, 270n–71n
on A. Hamilton’s investigation by Congress, 135
on congressional tax debate, 45
on insurgencies, 188
on Newburgh crisis, 255n
whiskey tax and, 62
Mamachtaga, 18–19, 109, 229, 276n
manufacture, excises on, 27
Marshall, James, 137, 138, 151, 163, 167–68, 169, 177, 193, 197, 268n
Maryland, 85
Anglican church in, 79
insurgency in, 203
militia call in, 190, 192
troops from, 206, 216
Massachusetts:
constitution of, 36
Shays Rebellion in, 53
merchants, 35, 63
Mexico, 30
Mifflin, Thomas, 172, 186–87, 190, 192, 207, 261n
A. Hamilton’s letter to, 219
cabinet war council kept secret from, 195
drunken order of, 213
as enemy of Washington administration, 186, 189
on militia law, 196
proclamation of, 191
Militia Act, 164, 185, 262n
Miller, Oliver, 148, 268n
Miller, William, 145–46, 148, 185, 267n, 268n
mills, 5, 12, 22
Mingo Creek, 12, 21, 205, 222
Mingo Creek Association, 117, 132, 138, 144, 151, 263n–64n
attacks on Bower Hill by, 147–48, 150, 152–56
constitution of, 121
as court, 119, 147
demands of, 150–51
Faulkner and, 121
government file on, 141
J. McFarlane’s association with, 152
at second Pittsburgh convention, 122–23
takeover of Forks militias of, 118–19
Mingo Creek church meeting, 161–65, 167, 234, 269n
Mitchell, John, 238
Modern Chivalry (Brackenridge), 109, 115, 170, 243
Monongahela River, 12, 23, 131, 155, 159, 172, 182, 200, 225
Monongahela rye, 66
Morris, Gouverneur, 42, 45, 47, 48
Morris, Robert, 32, 34, 35, 51, 106, 107, 141, 253n, 254n, 256n, 257n
A. Hamilton recommended to cabinet by, 51
A. Hamilton’s defense of, 48
A. Hamilton’s finance-policy advice to, 51
Brackenridge’s support for, 107, 108
and central banking, 36–37
and the impost, 37, 39–40
J. Wilson and, 186
Newburgh crisis and, 41, 42, 45, 47, 48, 255n
on paper money, 35–36
in Pennsylvania assembly, 54–55
Pennsylvania bank of, 54–55
plan for federal IOU’s of, 38–40
revolution as viewed by, 36
state bonds purchased by, 61
state debt assumption and, 62
taxes as viewed by, 33, 37, 38, 52, 256n
war bonds and, 31
Morrison, Robert, 120–21
Mount Vernon, 139, 250n
distilling at, 240
Washington’s trip to, 1–6, 185
National Gazette, 110–12, 228
Netherlands, 135–36
Neville, Amelia, 100
Neville, John, ix, 91, 119–20, 129, 130, 131–132, 142, 143, 144, 157, 165, 190–91, 214, 220, 252n, 259n, 265n, 267n
in American Revolution, 98–99
background of, 98–99
Bower Hill attacks and, 147–48, 152–54, 163, 186
Brackenridge and, 108, 227–28, 230, 231–33, 274n
campaign against Brackenridge of, 208
Clymer and, 128
demands for resignation of, 123, 151, 157
as distiller, 97, 102
escape from Pittsburgh of, 159, 161
Faulkner and, 119–21
letters of, 245n
military enforcement urged by, 112, 128, 129–30
popularity of, 97
role in Connor attack of, 103–4, 262n
salary of, 102
tax collection by, 145–46, 239
tax collector attacks reported by, 137, 138
tax survey of, 97, 118
witnesses threatened by, 227
Neville, Mrs., 99, 100, 131, 147–48
Neville, Presley, 100, 131, 140, 157, 168, 170, 171, 178, 191, 214, 252n
at Bower Hill attack, 153
Brackenridge and, 100, 148–49, 180–81, 191, 208, 227–28, 230, 233–34
eviction from Pittsburgh of, 172, 175, 180, 181, 221
Mingo Church meeting and, 162, 163
as prisoner of rebels, 155
threats to property of, 177
as Washington’s land agent, 240
Neville Connection, 100, 103, 145, 156, 161, 171, 180, 200, 227, 239, 262n
Brackenridge’s disparagement of, 109, 149, 163, 228
expulsion from Pittsburgh of, 173, 180, 185, 197–98, 209
federal help requested by, 167–68
Ross as member of, 170
Woods as spy for, 101
New Bern, N.C., 83
Newburgh crisis, 40–42, 44–49, 115, 124, 255n
Newburyport, N.H., 77
New Jersey, 38, 74, 190, 192,
troops from, 206, 207, 212, 214, 216
New Jerusalem, 71, 90, 172
Newton, Isaac, 90
New York, 37, 38, 52, 61, 62, 74
New York, N.Y., U.S. C
ongress in, 57
Northampton, Mass., 53
North Carolina, 16, 79, 87, 124
North East, Md., 73
Northwest Territory, 141
notes, war debt, 29–30
Ohio County, Va., in Parkinson’s Ferry congress, 180, 182
Ohio River, 4, 13, 209
Oldham, Winifred, 99–100
Old Testament, 75
O’Regan, Teague, 109
Ormsby, John, 150
Ormsby family, 101
Paine, Thomas, 36
Parkinson, Benjamin, 264n
at Bower Hill attack, 155, 166, 268n
Brackenridge and, 176
Faulkner’s meeting with, 120–21
in hiding, 225
at McFarlane’s funeral, 156
at Mingo Creek church meeting, 161–65
Neville Connection and, 167–68
at second Pittsburgh convention, 122
submission recommended by, 205
Parkinson’s Ferry, 182, 185, 192, 197, 239, 243
Parkinson’s Ferry congress, 165, 180, 181–82, 185, 200, 217, 221, 259n, 270n, 273n
first meeting of, 182–83
submission resolution of, 207
submission vote of, 201–2
tension at, 192–93
Washington’s proposed pardons and, 199
Parliament, British, 68
Pennsylvania, ix, x, 38, 74, 186, 190, 192, 206, 207
bank of, 54–55
bonds of, 106
Brackenridge in legislature of, 106
constitutions of, 36, 54, 59, 87, 94, 110, 122, 126, 186, 254n
military spending in, 113
militia of, 186–87
troops from, 214, 216
Pennsylvania, assembly of:
Brackenridge in, 11
creditors and, 54–55, 59, 109–10
Morris’s bank and, 54–55
state constitution and, 94
U.S. Constitution ratification convention of, 11, 107–8
Whiskey tax petition and, 105
Pennsylvania, University of, 100
Pennsylvania province:
counties erected in, 15
Forks lands purchased by, 15
settlement rules of, 13
Virginia’s skirmishes with, 15, 16, 98
Peters, Richard, 219, 222–23, 226–27, 235, 237, 275n
Philadelphia, Pa., 62, 66, 73, 112, 195
Philadelphia College of Physicians, 63, 66
Philadelphia Light Horse, 213, 223, 227
“Philosopher of the Allegheny, the,” Husband as, 91
Pickering, Timothy, 240–41
Pigeon Creek, 12, 20, 120
Pitt, Fort, 13–14, 15, 34, 98–99
Pittsburgh, Pa., 11, 106, 140, 155, 156
Clymer’s trip to, 126
demographics of, 11–12
end of rebellion declared in, 209
first anti-excise convention in, 23–25, 187
founding and early growth of, 13–14
as Indian war staging area, 101
militia of, 173–74
second anti-excise convention in, 122–23, 125, 187
threats against, 156–57, 169, 190