The Age of Atheists: How We Have Sought to Live Since the Death of God

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The Age of Atheists: How We Have Sought to Live Since the Death of God Page 71

by Watson, Peter


  World War I and, 191–93, 200

  See also specific person’s views

  computation, 493, 495

  computers/computer science, 494, 499

  comradeship, 390, 408

  Confessional Church, 313, 324

  confessionals, 354, 362, 444

  conformity, 358, 477, 480

  Conrad, Joseph, 133, 303

  conscience, 308, 382

  consciousness:

  as absolute, 72

  Abstract Expressionism and, 398

  “beat” writing and, 404

  cosmic, 538

  counterculture and, 410, 411, 415, 417, 419, 425–26, 427

  drugs and, 440, 441

  false, 264, 292

  happiness and, 434

  Impressionism and, 112

  New Age and, 500

  and “new spirit” in art, 124

  phenomenology and, 72, 73

  pragmatism and, 72

  self-, 104, 114, 164, 434, 520

  shadow culture and, 178

  spontaneity and, 395

  theosophy and, 168–69

  See also unconscious; specific person’s views

  consciousness-raising groups, 368

  consequentiality, 349–50, 389–90, 513, 521, 547–49, 552, 554

  consilience: Wilson’s (E. O.) views about, 479, 483–85

  continuous growth concept, Dewey’s, 297–98

  conversions, Christian, 58, 308

  “cool,” 393–94

  cooperation, 475–76, 512, 548

  cosmic consciousness, 58, 538

  “cosmologies to two,” 94

  cosmos/cosmologists. See universe

  counseling, 352, 360. See also pastoral psychology/counseling; psychoanalysis/psychotherapy; therapy

  counterculture:

  aesthetics and, 425–27

  Ascona compared with, 40

  consciousness and, 410, 411, 415, 417, 419, 425–26, 427

  “dropping out” and, 420

  drugs and, 410, 416–25, 428, 437, 442

  encounter groups and, 427–30

  Esalen Institute and, 409–10, 413, 414

  God and, 418, 419–20

  happiness and, 437

  humanism and, 412, 413, 415

  identity and, 438

  individualism and, 437

  love and, 414, 424, 427

  Marxism and, 411

  morals and, 425–27

  music and, 410, 420–23, 424

  mysticism and, 412, 413, 416, 418, 419, 428

  Nietzsche generation compared with, 39–40

  phenomenology and, 226

  psychedelics and, 416–23, 424–25

  religion and, 420

  and religion of no religion, 413–16

  salvation and, 429, 438

  science and, 410, 413, 426, 427, 428

  self and, 411, 414, 427, 428, 437

  sex and, 411, 414, 424, 427

  spirituality and, 411, 413, 415, 417–18, 420, 428, 429

  therapeutic approach and, 410–11, 413, 415–16, 429, 437–38

  transcendence and, 411, 414, 415, 417–18, 427, 429, 430, 437

  Cox, Harvey, 382–83

  Coyote, Peter, 423–24

  creationism, 15, 455, 509, 510

  creativity, 100, 206–9, 211, 391, 414, 486, 553

  crime, 9, 15, 21, 87

  “Crisis Theology,” 312

  cruelty, 97–99, 212, 213, 278–82, 306, 372, 450, 523

  Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 534

  Cubists, 75, 111, 124, 184, 210, 257, 397, 399

  culture:

  basic task of, 429

  evolution of, 63

  high/“higher,” 212, 496–97

  popular, 497, 498

  Proletkult and, 213

  religion and, 28–29, 496–97

  shadow, 177–79

  See also specific person’s views

  Cunningham, Merce, 394, 400, 401–2

  da Vinci, Leonardo, 86, 342

  Dadaism, 47, 118, 119, 124, 393, 394–95

  Dali, Salvador, 198

  dance, 43–48, 119, 395, 400–402

  See also modern dance

  “dancer spirit,” 45–48

  d’Annunzio, Gabriele, 38, 39, 188, 189

  Dante Alighieri, 291, 455

  Darmstadt artists’ colony, 35

  Darwin, Charles:

  and atheists as intellectually fulfilled, 542

  Bishop’s admiration for, 551

  critics of, 56

  Dawkins’s views about, 472

  evolution and, 541

  Fitzgerald’s views about, 241

  Freud’s views about, 87

  influence of, 98, 102, 178, 212

  James’s (William) views about, 56

  language and, 465

  Lenin and, 212

  Levine’s views about, 478

  Marx and, 202

  and natural selection, 57, 102, 481, 486–87

  Nietzsche compared with, 51–52

  Origin of the Species by, 24

  and salvation, 102

  Shaw and, 99, 102

  Strindberg and, 98

  Tille’s views about, 51–52

  See also Darwinism; social Darwinism

  Darwinism, 7–8, 495. See also social Darwinism; specific person’s views

  Davies, Paul, 491–92, 493, 510

  Dawkins, Richard, 7, 469–72, 488, 490, 495, 540, 541–42

  de Botton, Alain, 527–28n, 555

  de Kooning, Willem, 397, 398, 400

  death, 93, 178, 191, 213, 225, 240, 374. See also afterlife; God is dead; specific person’s views

  decisiveness, 223, 224, 349, 350

  Dedalus, Stephen, 264

  Degas, Edgar, 113, 300

  deism, 77, 179, 306, 484, 487

  democracy, 51, 60, 61, 250, 295, 297, 298, 320, 363, 406, 440, 450–51, 502, 515

  Dennett, Daniel, 7, 472–75, 478, 540, 541

  Der Blaue Reiter group, 181

  Derrida, Jacques, 499, 555

  Dershowitz, Alan, 534

  Descartes, René, 436, 533

  desire, 97–99, 132–35, 145, 251, 390–91, 449–52, 514, 540, 542–45, 554, 555. See also specific person’s views

  Deutsch, David, 492–94, 495, 506, 544

  Deutscher, Isaac, 378–79

  Dewey, John, 59–63, 295–98

  and American tradition of modern thought, 53

  Being and, 297

  Bergson compared with, 76

  and certainty, 62

  change and, 61

  Christianity and, 296, 297

  continuous growth concept of, 297–98

  and Darwinism, 60, 61

  democracy and, 60, 295, 297, 298

  desire and, 297

  as educator, 65

  and eternal, 61

  and ethics, 296

  existence and, 297–98

  and faith, 297, 298

  and family, 65

  and future, 61

  Gifford Lectures and, 57n

  God and, 295, 296, 297, 298

  and good, 298

  and human nature, 296

  and ideal, 296, 297, 298

  and imagination, 62, 297, 298

  and intelligence, 298

  James (William) compared with, 59, 60, 61, 62–63

  and knowledge, 297

  and love, 65

  and metaphysics, 296, 297–98

  and morals, 65, 515

  personal and professional background of, 295
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  and philosophy, 61

  pragmatism of, 59–62

  public knowledge about, 60

  and reality, 298, 515

  and reason, 60

  religion and, 295–98

  Rorty’s views about, 65, 515

  and science, 60, 297, 298

  and self, 63, 64, 65, 297

  and soul, 64

  and supernatural, 296–97

  and truth, 62, 297

  “unforced flowers of life” of, 525

  and values, 296, 298

  views about human beings of, 68

  and will, 297, 515

  works by, 296, 298

  dialogue, 397–400, 456, 525

  Dickinson, Lowes, 192–93

  Diederich, Eugen, 42, 51

  Dietrich, Marlene, 335

  Diggins, J. P., 250–51

  dignity, 14, 42, 47, 94, 106, 131, 240, 357, 488, 519–22, 548, 549, 554

  Dilthey, Wilhelm, 27, 288

  Dinter, Artur, 310–11

  Dionysianism:

  Chulkov’s views about, 211

  counterculture and, 412, 422

  dance and, 47

  Expressionism and, 50

  German Expressionism and, 49

  Ibsen and, 93

  and imperative of self-submersion, 39, 40

  Ivanov and, 206–7

  Nietzsche’s views about, 26, 554

  Strindberg’s views about, 98, 99

  theatre and, 207

  discipleship, 156–58. See also circle, George’s

  Discovery Institute, 510

  Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 8, 27, 106, 107, 108, 128, 205, 207, 208, 211, 450

  doubt, 7–8, 23, 26–27, 29, 391–93, 408, 499, 513

  drama, 90–91, 173–74. See also specific person’s views or drama

  dreams, 123–24, 198, 252

  drugs:

  counterculture and, 410, 416–25, 428, 437, 442

  happiness and, 440–42

  intimacy and, 425

  as means for controlling others, 442

  music and, 416–23

  and Native American traditions, 416–17

  See also type of drug

  Duncan, Isadora, 47

  Durkheim, Émile, 142, 143, 144, 145, 192, 215–16

  Dworkin, Ronald, 3, 4–5, 519–24, 527, 528, 546, 548–49, 552

  Eagleton, Terry, 437, 506, 546

  Eastern religions/philosophy, 169, 309, 411–12, 420, 490. See also specific religion

  ecopsychology, 485–86

  ecstasy, 120, 183, 208, 262, 263, 420, 440, 537, 543

  Ecstasy (MDMA), 425

  Eddington, Arthur, 57n, 545

  Eddy, Mary Baker, 178

  education, 214, 215, 218, 240–41, 314, 324, 400, 433, 474, 495. See also specific person’s views

  ego/egotism, 82, 264, 276, 282, 393–95, 441, 511, 512

  Einstein, Albert, 184, 304, 305, 368, 470, 495, 524

  Eisenstein, Sergei, 206, 214

  élan vital, 77, 101

  Eliot, T. S., 8, 66, 114, 176, 303, 453, 461, 496–97, 498, 538

  elitism, 49, 77–80, 247

  Ellmann, Richard, 167, 170, 171, 173, 175

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 53, 54, 56, 61, 177, 178, 354

  Emmanuel churches/movement, 179, 351

  emotions, 58, 59, 116, 235, 242, 249, 355, 394, 396, 439, 444, 460, 481, 540. See also specific emotion

  “emotivism” doctrine, 501

  empiricism, 274, 275, 277, 278, 290

  emptiness, 6, 92, 94, 95, 451

  enchantment, 545–46, 551

  encounter groups, 365, 415, 427–30

  energy, 184, 288, 305, 306, 397, 401, 402, 404, 405, 494

  Engels, Friedrich, 200, 203, 204, 205, 499

  Enlightenment, 211, 338, 350, 513, 546

  environment, 411, 483–85, 486

  Ephrata Mystics, 177

  Epicurus, 24, 468

  epiphany, 262, 264, 265, 384, 421, 458, 537, 552

  equality, 51, 52, 334, 476, 497, 506, 547, 554

  erotic, 269, 270, 272, 407, 408

  errors: illusions distinguished from, 280–81

  Esalen Institute, 409–10, 413, 414, 415–16

  essence, 63–64, 66, 223, 339–40, 347, 520

  eternal/eternity, 61, 64, 68, 93, 97, 99, 101, 113, 522, 544–45, 552

  “eternal recurrence” doctrine, Nietzsche’s, 26, 175, 385

  ethics:

  “core” of, 516

  definition of, 520, 548

  eurhythmics and, 45–48

  evolution and, 516

  as guides to behavior, 510

  humanistic, 367

  as important to meaning, 506

  Jewish views about, 378

  layers of, 516

  morality and, 520, 548–49

  Nazis and, 314, 315

  and realms of life, 554

  situation, 366–67, 477

  and teaching belief system to children, 474

  as universal, 366

  utilitarian, 514

  See also specific person’s views

  eugenics, 139

  eurhythmics, 44, 45–48

  evangelicals, 14, 15, 313, 322

  everydayness, 225, 227, 236, 266, 333, 334, 404, 456, 499, 518

  evil, 67, 122, 132, 133, 205, 373, 382, 386, 389, 518, 523, 543

  evolution:

  adaptation and, 541

  advocacy for, 495

  anti-essentialism and, 64

  benefits of, 495

  biological, 63

  and biology as replacement for theological understanding of humanity, 83–84

  creative, 76–77, 99, 101, 122

  cultural, 63

  ethics and, 516

  God and, 471, 472

  and impact of science, 542

  importance of, 478

  militant atheists’ views about, 7

  morality and, 471, 495, 548

  as naturally occurring process, 7

  omega point concept and, 495

  pragmatism and, 64, 65

  of religion, 536, 471, 474–75, 479, 481

  as religion, 487–88

  Theosophy and, 168

  of trade, 477

  universe and, 471

  See also specific person’s views

  existence:

  aim/purpose of, 211, 278, 426

  counterculture and, 411

  existentialists’ views about, 338, 339–40

  Jewish views about, 377

  life distinguished from, 539

  as preceding essence, 339–40, 347, 520

  rules of, 294

  See also specific person’s views

  “existential security,” 11–13, 14, 19, 21

  existentialism:

  Abstract Expressionism and, 398

  consequences and, 349–50

  emergence of, 184, 331

  “existence precedes essence” as mantra of, 339–40, 347

  as form of humanism, 335, 338, 349

  God and, 336, 337

  in Paris, 334–35, 339

  perfection and, 336

  phenomenology and, 226

  in post–World War II years, 335–37

  proto-, 338, 340, 347

  spontaneity movement and, 395

  as tragic, 349–50

  transcendence and, 337–39

  World War I and, 336

  See also specific person’s views

  expectations: diminished, 434–35

  experience:

  Abstract Expressionism and,
398

  aesthetic, 69

  art as, 400

  “beat” writing and, 404

  counterculture and, 426

  dance as, 400–402

  Impressionist art and, 537

  minimalism and, 387

  modernization as narrowing of, 17–18

  naming and, 552

  personality and, 538

  phenomenology and, 73

  poetry and, 458–59

  postmodernism and, 500

  pragmatism and, 64

  shadow culture and, 179

  Vienna Circle and, 274

  and wholeness via juxtaposition, 125–26

  See also specific person’s views

  experts: Roszak’s views about, 426–27

  Expressionism, 35, 48–50, 119–22, 189, 257, 394, 395, 397–400, 402. See also Abstract Expressionism; specific person’s views

  extinction: Nagel’s views about, 510

  Fabian Society, 99, 102, 140

  face: Futurists’ views about human, 210

  fact/facts, 25, 258, 260, 264, 266, 309, 489, 499, 538

  factory: as substitute for churches, 217–18

  faith:

  belief differentiated from, 514

  change in, 546

  “escaping” from, 472

  in process, 304–6

  religion as based on, 3

  right to, 514

  unfitness of, 27–29

  “wordless,” 301, 302

  See also specific person’s views

  Faithbook, 18–19, 21

  falsification, 274, 275

  family, 13, 255–56, 315, 411. See also specific person’s views

  Farr, Florence, 170, 172

  fascism, 38, 314, 317n, 336, 346, 347

  fear, 58, 59, 199, 276, 391, 476, 543

  festivity: as hallmark of religion, 67

  “field theories,” 398

  final cause: Stevens’s (Wallace) views about, 248

  financial crisis of 2008, 18–19

  First World War. See World War I

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 238, 239–40, 241, 243–44, 546, 552

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott—works by:

  “Absolution,” 243

  The Beautiful and Damned, 240

  “Benediction,” 241

  “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz,” 243–44

  Echoes of the Jazz Age, 239–40

  The Great Gatsby, 240, 243

  Tender Is the Night, 240

  This Side of Paradise, 238, 241

  Fletcher, Joseph, 366, 367

  flow, 94, 231, 242, 426, 534

  Four Palliatives, Freud’s, 283–85

  France:

  cults in, 170

  in post–World War II years, 334

  World War I and, 192

  See also French Revolution; Paris, France

  Frankl, Viktor, 369–71

  Frazer, James, 57n, 167

  freedom:

  Abstract Expressionism and, 398

  counterculture and, 411, 419, 424

 

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