The Age of Atheists: How We Have Sought to Live Since the Death of God
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World War I and, 191–93, 200
See also specific person’s views
computation, 493, 495
computers/computer science, 494, 499
comradeship, 390, 408
Confessional Church, 313, 324
confessionals, 354, 362, 444
conformity, 358, 477, 480
Conrad, Joseph, 133, 303
conscience, 308, 382
consciousness:
as absolute, 72
Abstract Expressionism and, 398
“beat” writing and, 404
cosmic, 538
counterculture and, 410, 411, 415, 417, 419, 425–26, 427
drugs and, 440, 441
false, 264, 292
happiness and, 434
Impressionism and, 112
New Age and, 500
and “new spirit” in art, 124
phenomenology and, 72, 73
pragmatism and, 72
self-, 104, 114, 164, 434, 520
shadow culture and, 178
spontaneity and, 395
theosophy and, 168–69
See also unconscious; specific person’s views
consciousness-raising groups, 368
consequentiality, 349–50, 389–90, 513, 521, 547–49, 552, 554
consilience: Wilson’s (E. O.) views about, 479, 483–85
continuous growth concept, Dewey’s, 297–98
conversions, Christian, 58, 308
“cool,” 393–94
cooperation, 475–76, 512, 548
cosmic consciousness, 58, 538
“cosmologies to two,” 94
cosmos/cosmologists. See universe
counseling, 352, 360. See also pastoral psychology/counseling; psychoanalysis/psychotherapy; therapy
counterculture:
aesthetics and, 425–27
Ascona compared with, 40
consciousness and, 410, 411, 415, 417, 419, 425–26, 427
“dropping out” and, 420
drugs and, 410, 416–25, 428, 437, 442
encounter groups and, 427–30
Esalen Institute and, 409–10, 413, 414
God and, 418, 419–20
happiness and, 437
humanism and, 412, 413, 415
identity and, 438
individualism and, 437
love and, 414, 424, 427
Marxism and, 411
morals and, 425–27
music and, 410, 420–23, 424
mysticism and, 412, 413, 416, 418, 419, 428
Nietzsche generation compared with, 39–40
phenomenology and, 226
psychedelics and, 416–23, 424–25
religion and, 420
and religion of no religion, 413–16
salvation and, 429, 438
science and, 410, 413, 426, 427, 428
self and, 411, 414, 427, 428, 437
sex and, 411, 414, 424, 427
spirituality and, 411, 413, 415, 417–18, 420, 428, 429
therapeutic approach and, 410–11, 413, 415–16, 429, 437–38
transcendence and, 411, 414, 415, 417–18, 427, 429, 430, 437
Cox, Harvey, 382–83
Coyote, Peter, 423–24
creationism, 15, 455, 509, 510
creativity, 100, 206–9, 211, 391, 414, 486, 553
crime, 9, 15, 21, 87
“Crisis Theology,” 312
cruelty, 97–99, 212, 213, 278–82, 306, 372, 450, 523
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 534
Cubists, 75, 111, 124, 184, 210, 257, 397, 399
culture:
basic task of, 429
evolution of, 63
high/“higher,” 212, 496–97
popular, 497, 498
Proletkult and, 213
religion and, 28–29, 496–97
shadow, 177–79
See also specific person’s views
Cunningham, Merce, 394, 400, 401–2
da Vinci, Leonardo, 86, 342
Dadaism, 47, 118, 119, 124, 393, 394–95
Dali, Salvador, 198
dance, 43–48, 119, 395, 400–402
See also modern dance
“dancer spirit,” 45–48
d’Annunzio, Gabriele, 38, 39, 188, 189
Dante Alighieri, 291, 455
Darmstadt artists’ colony, 35
Darwin, Charles:
and atheists as intellectually fulfilled, 542
Bishop’s admiration for, 551
critics of, 56
Dawkins’s views about, 472
evolution and, 541
Fitzgerald’s views about, 241
Freud’s views about, 87
influence of, 98, 102, 178, 212
James’s (William) views about, 56
language and, 465
Lenin and, 212
Levine’s views about, 478
Marx and, 202
and natural selection, 57, 102, 481, 486–87
Nietzsche compared with, 51–52
Origin of the Species by, 24
and salvation, 102
Shaw and, 99, 102
Strindberg and, 98
Tille’s views about, 51–52
See also Darwinism; social Darwinism
Darwinism, 7–8, 495. See also social Darwinism; specific person’s views
Davies, Paul, 491–92, 493, 510
Dawkins, Richard, 7, 469–72, 488, 490, 495, 540, 541–42
de Botton, Alain, 527–28n, 555
de Kooning, Willem, 397, 398, 400
death, 93, 178, 191, 213, 225, 240, 374. See also afterlife; God is dead; specific person’s views
decisiveness, 223, 224, 349, 350
Dedalus, Stephen, 264
Degas, Edgar, 113, 300
deism, 77, 179, 306, 484, 487
democracy, 51, 60, 61, 250, 295, 297, 298, 320, 363, 406, 440, 450–51, 502, 515
Dennett, Daniel, 7, 472–75, 478, 540, 541
Der Blaue Reiter group, 181
Derrida, Jacques, 499, 555
Dershowitz, Alan, 534
Descartes, René, 436, 533
desire, 97–99, 132–35, 145, 251, 390–91, 449–52, 514, 540, 542–45, 554, 555. See also specific person’s views
Deutsch, David, 492–94, 495, 506, 544
Deutscher, Isaac, 378–79
Dewey, John, 59–63, 295–98
and American tradition of modern thought, 53
Being and, 297
Bergson compared with, 76
and certainty, 62
change and, 61
Christianity and, 296, 297
continuous growth concept of, 297–98
and Darwinism, 60, 61
democracy and, 60, 295, 297, 298
desire and, 297
as educator, 65
and eternal, 61
and ethics, 296
existence and, 297–98
and faith, 297, 298
and family, 65
and future, 61
Gifford Lectures and, 57n
God and, 295, 296, 297, 298
and good, 298
and human nature, 296
and ideal, 296, 297, 298
and imagination, 62, 297, 298
and intelligence, 298
James (William) compared with, 59, 60, 61, 62–63
and knowledge, 297
and love, 65
and metaphysics, 296, 297–98
and morals, 65, 515
personal and professional background of, 295
/>
and philosophy, 61
pragmatism of, 59–62
public knowledge about, 60
and reality, 298, 515
and reason, 60
religion and, 295–98
Rorty’s views about, 65, 515
and science, 60, 297, 298
and self, 63, 64, 65, 297
and soul, 64
and supernatural, 296–97
and truth, 62, 297
“unforced flowers of life” of, 525
and values, 296, 298
views about human beings of, 68
and will, 297, 515
works by, 296, 298
dialogue, 397–400, 456, 525
Dickinson, Lowes, 192–93
Diederich, Eugen, 42, 51
Dietrich, Marlene, 335
Diggins, J. P., 250–51
dignity, 14, 42, 47, 94, 106, 131, 240, 357, 488, 519–22, 548, 549, 554
Dilthey, Wilhelm, 27, 288
Dinter, Artur, 310–11
Dionysianism:
Chulkov’s views about, 211
counterculture and, 412, 422
dance and, 47
Expressionism and, 50
German Expressionism and, 49
Ibsen and, 93
and imperative of self-submersion, 39, 40
Ivanov and, 206–7
Nietzsche’s views about, 26, 554
Strindberg’s views about, 98, 99
theatre and, 207
discipleship, 156–58. See also circle, George’s
Discovery Institute, 510
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 8, 27, 106, 107, 108, 128, 205, 207, 208, 211, 450
doubt, 7–8, 23, 26–27, 29, 391–93, 408, 499, 513
drama, 90–91, 173–74. See also specific person’s views or drama
dreams, 123–24, 198, 252
drugs:
counterculture and, 410, 416–25, 428, 437, 442
happiness and, 440–42
intimacy and, 425
as means for controlling others, 442
music and, 416–23
and Native American traditions, 416–17
See also type of drug
Duncan, Isadora, 47
Durkheim, Émile, 142, 143, 144, 145, 192, 215–16
Dworkin, Ronald, 3, 4–5, 519–24, 527, 528, 546, 548–49, 552
Eagleton, Terry, 437, 506, 546
Eastern religions/philosophy, 169, 309, 411–12, 420, 490. See also specific religion
ecopsychology, 485–86
ecstasy, 120, 183, 208, 262, 263, 420, 440, 537, 543
Ecstasy (MDMA), 425
Eddington, Arthur, 57n, 545
Eddy, Mary Baker, 178
education, 214, 215, 218, 240–41, 314, 324, 400, 433, 474, 495. See also specific person’s views
ego/egotism, 82, 264, 276, 282, 393–95, 441, 511, 512
Einstein, Albert, 184, 304, 305, 368, 470, 495, 524
Eisenstein, Sergei, 206, 214
élan vital, 77, 101
Eliot, T. S., 8, 66, 114, 176, 303, 453, 461, 496–97, 498, 538
elitism, 49, 77–80, 247
Ellmann, Richard, 167, 170, 171, 173, 175
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 53, 54, 56, 61, 177, 178, 354
Emmanuel churches/movement, 179, 351
emotions, 58, 59, 116, 235, 242, 249, 355, 394, 396, 439, 444, 460, 481, 540. See also specific emotion
“emotivism” doctrine, 501
empiricism, 274, 275, 277, 278, 290
emptiness, 6, 92, 94, 95, 451
enchantment, 545–46, 551
encounter groups, 365, 415, 427–30
energy, 184, 288, 305, 306, 397, 401, 402, 404, 405, 494
Engels, Friedrich, 200, 203, 204, 205, 499
Enlightenment, 211, 338, 350, 513, 546
environment, 411, 483–85, 486
Ephrata Mystics, 177
Epicurus, 24, 468
epiphany, 262, 264, 265, 384, 421, 458, 537, 552
equality, 51, 52, 334, 476, 497, 506, 547, 554
erotic, 269, 270, 272, 407, 408
errors: illusions distinguished from, 280–81
Esalen Institute, 409–10, 413, 414, 415–16
essence, 63–64, 66, 223, 339–40, 347, 520
eternal/eternity, 61, 64, 68, 93, 97, 99, 101, 113, 522, 544–45, 552
“eternal recurrence” doctrine, Nietzsche’s, 26, 175, 385
ethics:
“core” of, 516
definition of, 520, 548
eurhythmics and, 45–48
evolution and, 516
as guides to behavior, 510
humanistic, 367
as important to meaning, 506
Jewish views about, 378
layers of, 516
morality and, 520, 548–49
Nazis and, 314, 315
and realms of life, 554
situation, 366–67, 477
and teaching belief system to children, 474
as universal, 366
utilitarian, 514
See also specific person’s views
eugenics, 139
eurhythmics, 44, 45–48
evangelicals, 14, 15, 313, 322
everydayness, 225, 227, 236, 266, 333, 334, 404, 456, 499, 518
evil, 67, 122, 132, 133, 205, 373, 382, 386, 389, 518, 523, 543
evolution:
adaptation and, 541
advocacy for, 495
anti-essentialism and, 64
benefits of, 495
biological, 63
and biology as replacement for theological understanding of humanity, 83–84
creative, 76–77, 99, 101, 122
cultural, 63
ethics and, 516
God and, 471, 472
and impact of science, 542
importance of, 478
militant atheists’ views about, 7
morality and, 471, 495, 548
as naturally occurring process, 7
omega point concept and, 495
pragmatism and, 64, 65
of religion, 536, 471, 474–75, 479, 481
as religion, 487–88
Theosophy and, 168
of trade, 477
universe and, 471
See also specific person’s views
existence:
aim/purpose of, 211, 278, 426
counterculture and, 411
existentialists’ views about, 338, 339–40
Jewish views about, 377
life distinguished from, 539
as preceding essence, 339–40, 347, 520
rules of, 294
See also specific person’s views
“existential security,” 11–13, 14, 19, 21
existentialism:
Abstract Expressionism and, 398
consequences and, 349–50
emergence of, 184, 331
“existence precedes essence” as mantra of, 339–40, 347
as form of humanism, 335, 338, 349
God and, 336, 337
in Paris, 334–35, 339
perfection and, 336
phenomenology and, 226
in post–World War II years, 335–37
proto-, 338, 340, 347
spontaneity movement and, 395
as tragic, 349–50
transcendence and, 337–39
World War I and, 336
See also specific person’s views
expectations: diminished, 434–35
experience:
Abstract Expressionism and,
398
aesthetic, 69
art as, 400
“beat” writing and, 404
counterculture and, 426
dance as, 400–402
Impressionist art and, 537
minimalism and, 387
modernization as narrowing of, 17–18
naming and, 552
personality and, 538
phenomenology and, 73
poetry and, 458–59
postmodernism and, 500
pragmatism and, 64
shadow culture and, 179
Vienna Circle and, 274
and wholeness via juxtaposition, 125–26
See also specific person’s views
experts: Roszak’s views about, 426–27
Expressionism, 35, 48–50, 119–22, 189, 257, 394, 395, 397–400, 402. See also Abstract Expressionism; specific person’s views
extinction: Nagel’s views about, 510
Fabian Society, 99, 102, 140
face: Futurists’ views about human, 210
fact/facts, 25, 258, 260, 264, 266, 309, 489, 499, 538
factory: as substitute for churches, 217–18
faith:
belief differentiated from, 514
change in, 546
“escaping” from, 472
in process, 304–6
religion as based on, 3
right to, 514
unfitness of, 27–29
“wordless,” 301, 302
See also specific person’s views
Faithbook, 18–19, 21
falsification, 274, 275
family, 13, 255–56, 315, 411. See also specific person’s views
Farr, Florence, 170, 172
fascism, 38, 314, 317n, 336, 346, 347
fear, 58, 59, 199, 276, 391, 476, 543
festivity: as hallmark of religion, 67
“field theories,” 398
final cause: Stevens’s (Wallace) views about, 248
financial crisis of 2008, 18–19
First World War. See World War I
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 238, 239–40, 241, 243–44, 546, 552
Fitzgerald, F. Scott—works by:
“Absolution,” 243
The Beautiful and Damned, 240
“Benediction,” 241
“The Diamond as Big as the Ritz,” 243–44
Echoes of the Jazz Age, 239–40
The Great Gatsby, 240, 243
Tender Is the Night, 240
This Side of Paradise, 238, 241
Fletcher, Joseph, 366, 367
flow, 94, 231, 242, 426, 534
Four Palliatives, Freud’s, 283–85
France:
cults in, 170
in post–World War II years, 334
World War I and, 192
See also French Revolution; Paris, France
Frankl, Viktor, 369–71
Frazer, James, 57n, 167
freedom:
Abstract Expressionism and, 398
counterculture and, 411, 419, 424