inverting of, 407
Jewish views about, 377
and living well, 520
love of, 68
meaning of, 4, 18, 29, 400, 496, 506, 519, 521, 522, 524
as narrative, 548, 550
as performance, 520, 521, 548–49, 554
realms of, 554
religion as way to fulfilled, 6
shadow culture and, 178
size of, 538, 544–45
theothanatology and, 385
as tragedy, 164
turning points in, 427
unexamined, 517–18, 522
unsatisfiability of, 511–12
use is, 100–101
withdrawal from, 511
See also specific person’s views or topic
life-lie, 254
lifestyles, Nietzschean, 35–36
light, 112, 113–14, 120, 516
literature, 260, 292, 465–68, 499, 533. See also specific author
Locke, John, 83, 357, 436, 503
logic, 75, 76, 129–30, 164, 275, 278, 300
logical positivism. See Vienna Circle
logotherapy, 369–70
loneliness, 19–20, 50, 241, 255, 358, 365, 390, 416, 425, 451
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 56
Lorca, Federico García, 120, 146
Louÿs, Pierre, 160
love:
comradeship and, 390
counterculture and, 414, 424, 427
enduring, 555
ethics and, 516
family, 255
as harmful, 444
and hierarchy of psychological needs, 415
Jews and, 373
as refuge, 341–43
self-, 272, 359, 445
as source of fulfillment, 444
universal, 284
of the world, 440
See also agape (law of love); specific person’s views
Lovelock, James, 486, 487, 488
Lowell, Robert, 458, 537
Lowell Lectures, 55
LSD, 418–19, 421–22, 424, 441, 442
Ludendorff, Mathilde, 322, 324
Lukács, George, 159, 233
Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 205, 206, 209–10, 211, 213
lust: Saint-Point’s views about, 47, 543
Lustig, Arnot, 379
Luther, Martin, 202, 319, 353
Lutheran Church, 314, 322
luxury, meaning as, 431, 533
lying, 133, 135, 136, 139
Lynd, Helen, 239, 240, 241, 242, 352
Lynd, Robert, 239, 240, 241, 242, 352
Mach, Ernst, 232–33, 273
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 212
machine/machinery, 90–92, 117–18, 270, 434–35
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 58n, 435, 501–2, 539
Macke, August, 181
Magritte, René, 199
Mahler, Gustav, 33, 35
Mailer, Norman, 368, 405
Malevich, Kazimir, 210–11
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 128, 146, 147–50, 160, 163, 164, 165, 536, 542
Malraux, André, 339–40, 341–42, 343, 344, 347, 399, 537
man. See human beings
Mandelstam, Osip, 449, 455, 457, 537
Manet, Edouard, 115
Mann, Thomas, 36–37, 157, 180, 265, 395, 534–35
Mannheim, Karl, 332, 333
Mansfield, Katherine, 303
Marcuse, Herbert, 411
marginal practices, Heidegger’s, 226
Margulis, Lynn, 486, 488
marijuana, 424, 442, 442n
Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso, 117
marriage, 135, 227, 313, 436
martyrdom, James’s (William) views about, 58
Marx, Karl:
art and, 292
and capitalism, 202
Christianity and, 202
consciousness and, 292
and decline in belief in God, 23
and history, 203
influence of, 205
language and, 465
and literature, 292
Mallarmé compared with, 147
and morals/morality, 292
and politics, 203
postmodernism and, 499
Marx, Karl (continued)
religion and, 201, 292
Ricoeur’s views about, 292
“ruling ideas” of society, 203
sex and, 292
socialism and, 202
Trotsky’s views about, 214
and withering away of state, 285
writings of, 200, 202, 203
See also Marxism
Marxism:
counterculture and, 411
existentialists and, 336
God and, 201
good and, 211
individual and, 205
materialism and, 211
nationalism and, 200
Nazis and, 315
Nietzsche’s influence on, 38, 204–14
popularity of, 330
postmodernism and, 498
rationality and, 211
religion and, 201, 213, 292
spirituality and, 211
spread of, 202
Superman and, 213
will to power and, 211
work/workers and, 202–3, 217–19
See also communism; specific person’s views
mask, 172, 173, 174, 181, 251
“Masks” (Macke), 181
Maslow, Abraham, 362, 363, 368, 414–15, 426, 434, 537
Masonic lodges, 318, 320
Massachusetts Metaphysical College, 178
Masters, R. E., 419–20
materialism:
art as way out of, 18
communism and, 216
and Gifford Lectures, 58n
happiness and, 20, 434
Marxism and, 211
modern art and, 113
Nazis and, 311, 315
scientific, 58n, 280–81, 480–81
shift toward, 239
Theosophy and, 167, 170
World War I and, 190
See also specific person’s views
mathematics, 160, 278, 303–4, 305, 336, 487, 491–95, 517, 523, 524
Matisse, Henri, 115–16, 119
matter, 73, 183, 309, 429
May, Rollo, 352, 362
Mead, Margaret, 356
meaning:
ambigous, 124
of artwork, 392
“beat” writing and, 403–6
and beliefs as public, 514
body’s role in search for, 387
color as, 115–16
community and, 546
counterculture and, 414, 430
Expressionism and, 122
Futurists and, 210
global ethics as important to, 506
hope and, 546
and impoverishment of modern life, 555
intensity as, 339–41
of life, 4, 18, 29, 400, 496, 506, 519, 521, 522
as luxury, 431, 533
minimalist art and, 392
need for, 6
and “new spirit” in art, 124
as not a security blanket, 536–41
as oppressive illusion, 505–6
and others, 554
poetry and, 459–60, 464
prosody as, 403–6
psychotherapy and, 89, 438
religion and, 556
simultanism and, 126
surrealism and, 198
therapeutic approach and, 446
and wholeness via juxtaposition, 125
See also specific person’s views
The Meaning of Life (movie), 18
meditations, Nozick’s, 517–18
Merezhkovsky, Dmitry, 206, 211
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 335, 339, 340–41, 534
metal: Futurists and, 117–18
metanarrative, 498–99
metaphors, 173, 231–32, 248
Metaphysical Club “Saturday Club,” 55–56, 59
metaphysics, 71–73, 274–78, 382, 384, 394, 415, 432, 456, 538. See also specific person’s views
middle-class, spiritual, 253–54
Middletown (Lynd and Lynd), 239, 241, 242, 352
Midgley, Mary, 58n, 487–90, 491, 495
Mill, John Stuart, 83, 303, 503
Miłosz, Czesław, 448, 449–52, 456, 461–62, 464, 468, 538, 546, 549
Milton, John, 465
mind, 64, 112, 136–41, 190, 398, 401, 419. See also mind-body; specific person’s views
mind-body, 394, 395, 398, 399, 404
Mingus, Charles, 397
minimalism, 387–93, 400, 407. See also specific person’s views
minutes heureuses, Baudelaire’s, 536, 553
miracles, 173, 261
missing:
“practice” as, 501–3
“what is,” 5–6, 510, 526, 528–29, 539
Mode, Doris, 361–62
modern art, 111, 198, 316, 341–42, 546. See also specific artist
modern dance, 44, 400, 401
Modern Times (movie), 339
modernism, 10, 14, 17–18, 20, 37, 90–91, 143, 156, 311, 316, 498, 527, 535
moments of being: Woolf’s views about, 261, 262–63
moments bienheureux, Proust’s, 144, 537
Mondrian, Piet, 180, 183–84, 197, 454
Monet, Claude, 112–13, 115, 118, 537
money: as replacing God, 238–43
Monod, Jacques, 488, 489–90
Montaigne, Michel de, 130, 346
Montale, Eugenio, 460–61, 537
Monte Veritá, 44, 46
Moore, George Edward, 77–82, 83, 251, 289, 301, 303, 308, 426–27, 538
morals/morality:
counterculture and, 410, 425–27
Darwinism as explanation for, 7
definition of, 520, 548
“discursive Christianity” and, 28
drugs and, 441
ethics and, 520, 548–49
evolution and, 471, 495, 548
and God, 548
as guides to behavior, 510
lust and, 47
Nietzschean Marxists and, 204, 208
and realms of life, 554
and religion as “slave morality,” 204, 209
science and, 540
World War I impact on, 240
See also specific person’s views
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 66
Mormons, 178
Morrison, Jim, 421–22
Morton, Frederic, 278–79
Mother Teresa, 383
Motherwell, Robert, 397, 400
Munch, Edvard, 111, 120–21
Munich putsch (1923), 321–22
Murdoch, Iris, 58n, 452–53, 464
Murray, Gilbert, 38, 180
Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, 218
music, 115, 160, 213, 230–31, 245, 395–97, 410, 416–23, 424, 505, 550. See also dance; type of music
Musil, Robert, 232–37, 301, 432, 514, 533, 537
Muslims. See Islam
Mussolini, Benito, 314, 317n
My Dinner with Andre (Malle film), 439–40
Myrdal, Gunnar, 333–34
mysticism:
arts and, 484
counterculture and, 412, 413, 416, 418, 419, 428
and limits of wholeness, 539
scientific, 250
shadow culture and, 178–79
See also specific person’s views
mythology:
of avant-garde, 118
Beckett’s views about, 391
Ivanov’s views about, 207
Joyce’s views about, 267
Jung’s views about, 286, 288, 289
religion as, 292
science as, 481
of wholeness, 290–93, 294
Wilson’s (E. O.) views about, 480–81
Yeats’s use of, 173, 176, 267
Nagel, Thomas, 507–12
and beauty, 512
and chance, 509
and change, 509
and consciousness, 508, 509, 511
Nagel, Thomas (continued)
and creationism, 509, 510
and Darwinism, 509, 510
and ego, 511
and evolution, 4, 508–9, 510, 517, 540
and existence, 3–4, 507, 523
and extinction, 510
and intention, 509
and intuition, 507
and language, 507–8, 511
and materialism, 4
and meaning, 507, 554
and metaphysics, 533
and mind, 508–9
and morals, 508–9, 511, 548
objectivity and, 507–8, 511–12
and other, 554
and philosophy, 162, 507
and physics, 508, 509
and reality, 507–8, 518
and reason, 508
and relationship of religion and secular world, 5
and science, 507, 508
and self, 512, 536
and subjectivity, 507–8, 511–12
and supernatural, 507
and theism, 4
and transcendence, 508, 509, 546
and truth, 508–9
and unity, 512
and universe, 509, 521
and values, 508, 524
Nagel, Thomas—works by:
The Last Word, 507
Mind and Cosmos, 4, 508, 509, 510, 511
Mortal Questions, 507
Secular Philosophy and the Religious Temperament, 3
The View from Nowhere, 507, 511
What Does It All Mean? 507
naming, 149–50, 262, 266, 462–65, 542, 550–54, 555, 556
narcissism, 439, 511
narrative, 6, 498–99, 538–39, 547, 548, 550, 554
National Association for Evangicals, 360
National Commission on Children, 15
National Committee for Mental Hygiene, 351
nationalism, 166, 170–71, 172, 175, 176, 191, 200, 315–16, 322, 324
Native American traditions, 416–17
natural selection, 57, 102, 481, 486–87, 508, 511, 542, 551
“naturalistic fallacy” concept, Moore’s, 81–82
nature/Nature, 40, 61, 121, 151, 177, 337, 541. See also specific person’s views
Nazis:
“blood flag” of, 321
“blood and soil” concept of, 313, 317, 319, 323
Catholicism and, 314, 315, 319, 322, 324, 325
Christianity and, 311–12, 313–15, 322, 324–25
community and, 315
ethics and, 314, 315
Evangelical Church and, 313
God and, 322
and God is dead, 314
heroes and, 320, 322
history and, 317
Jews and, 311, 313, 314, 322, 373, 380
Marxism and, 315
materialism and, 311, 315
modernism and, 311
Protestants and, 314, 315, 322, 324
race and, 315–22
religion and, 310–25
Saxon tradition and, 321
See also specific person’s views
“negative exuberance” concept, Bloom’s, 406–7
Neruda, Pablo, 449, 461
Neurath, Otto, 273, 274
neurosis, 83–89, 239, 241, 281, 288, 290, 358, 438
“New Age,” 500
New Thought, 178
New York Psychoanalytic Institute, 356
Newton, Isaac, 110, 303, 305, 429, 436, 465, 470
Nietzsche, Elizabeth Förster, 35, 38
Nietzsche, Friedrich:
Altizer and, 383
and Andreas-Salomé marriage proposal, 227, 436
and art, 36–38, 39–40, 48–50, 292, 455
avant-garde influence of, 39–40
as to blame for current predicament, 22
as blamed for two world wars, 24, 51, 187–88
“cargo of life” concept of, 25
and chaos, 25
and Christianity, 37, 97
and community, 205
and consciousness, 292
core insight of, 25
cult of, 36, 37, 50
Darwinism and, 52, 205
death of, 24
and Dionysianism, 26, 554
Duncan’s views about, 47
Dworkin and, 520
eternal recurrence concept of, 26, 175, 385
and evil, 205
Expressionism and, 48–49
and facts, 25
fame of, 33, 34, 36–38
and German academic philosophy, 83
Germanness of, 33, 34, 321
Gide and, 128
God is dead announcement of, 3, 4, 7–8, 24, 148, 210, 253, 377, 454, 532–33, 544, 554
greatest irony for, 33
happiness of, 436
Heidegger’s lectures about, 225
and heroes, 188
and hope, 546
Ibsen as response to, 94
illness/“black melancholy” of, 22–23, 24, 33, 34–35
individualism and, 204, 205
influence of, 49, 84, 91, 98, 128, 160, 163–64, 188, 189, 204–14, 253–54, 263–64, 330, 383, 422, 520
and instinct, 122, 292
Joyce and, 263–64
legacy of, 24
and life, 25, 26, 269
and literature, 292
and love, 164
Marxism and, 38, 204–14
and metaphysics, 26
modernism and, 37
and morality, 292
Morrison’s music and, 422
as Musil role model, 234
mythologizing of, 38
naming and, 462
nihilism of, 545
O’Neill and, 250, 253–54
and optimism, 546
and passions, 25
personal and professional background of, 288
as phenomenon, 22–24, 29
as philosopher of death, 188, 210
popularity of, 34–35, 36–38, 52
psychology influence of, 49
Rank and, 84
and rationality, 25, 205
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