religion and, 204, 209, 253, 292
Ricoeur’s views about, 292
and salvation, 25–26
and science, 205
and self, 99
and sex, 292
and socialism, 209
Strindberg and, 98
style of, 23, 24, 26, 33
Superman concept of, 34, 103, 253, 320
and tragedy, 253
and transcendence, 25
and truth, 547
Übermensch concept of, 35, 39, 50–52, 253
Valéry and, 160
and will, 205
and will to power concept, 25, 26, 35, 40, 207, 324
and women, 547
and World War I, 24, 38, 51, 187–88
writings about, 37, 52, 187–88
Yeats and, 163–64
youth as followers of, 24–25
Nietzsche, Friedrich—works by:
Die Geburt der Tragodie, 45
Ecce Homo, 188
The Gay Science, 23, 35
hymnals as delaying publication of, 23, 33
Thus Spake Zarathustra, 23, 27, 33, 36, 46, 188, 212
Tille as editor of English edition of, 51
nihilism, 24, 39, 50, 330, 429, 450, 469, 476, 512, 545
Norris, Pippa, 11–13, 17, 21
Norton, Robert, 151, 153
nothingness, 92, 95, 130, 146, 246, 377, 451
Novak, Michael, 412–13
Nozick, Robert, 502–3, 516–19, 523, 524, 528, 536–37, 548, 549
Oates, Joyce Carol, 444
objectivity, 426, 507–8, 511–12
observation, 288, 460, 553
occult, 166, 167, 169–72, 175, 176, 179–80, 182, 213–14, 288, 412. See also specific doctrine
oceanic feeling, Freud’s, 271–72, 282, 485
Oedipus complex, Freud’s, 87, 88, 285, 290, 357
Olson, Charles, 394, 401, 404
omega point concept, 493–94, 544
O’Neill, Eugene, 235, 249–56, 266, 435, 537, 540, 542
O’Neill, Eugene—works by:
Days without End, 251
Dynamo, 251, 255
The Iceman Cometh, 249, 251–52, 254
Lazarus Laughed, 251
Long Day’s Journey into Night, 249, 251, 252–53, 255, 435
More Stately Mansions, 254
Mourning Becomes Electra, 249
Oppenheim, Méret, 198–99
optimism, 116–17, 119, 287, 351, 361, 363, 367–68, 546, 547
Option Institute and Fellowship, 433
order, 160–61, 162, 163–66, 340, 387, 398, 460–62, 536
Ortega y Gasset, José, 428, 544
Other Condition, Musil’s, 235–37, 301, 514
other/otherness:
counterculture and, 411
drugs as means for controlling, 442
of God, 382, 535, 555
helping, 506
meaning and, 554
postmodernism and, 498, 499–500
respect for, 548
St. Augustine and, 536n
Steiner’s views about, 455
warm, 272
See also specific person’s views
Owen, Wilfred, 194, 195, 448–49
Pacelli, Eugenio (aka Pius XI), 314
pain. See suffering/pain
painting, 245–46, 257, 397–400
parent-child relationship, 65, 86–87, 239, 263, 272, 282, 354–55, 360, 518
Pareto, Vilfredo, 192
Paris, France:
existentialism in, 334–35, 339
in post–World War II years, 334–35
Parker, Charlie “Bird,” 387, 393, 393n, 396, 397, 430
participation mystique, Jung’s, 286
Pascal, Blaise, 346, 436
passions, 25, 270, 271, 272, 303
past:
no meaning in, 119–22
See also history
pastoral psychology/counseling, 352, 360–62
pastoralism: radical, 226–27
patriotism, 171, 191, 200
Paul, Saint, 310, 311, 312, 316, 353
Pauling, Linus, 545
“peak experiences,” Maslow’s, 414–15, 537
Peale, Norman Vincent, 352, 360
Péguy, Charles, 110, 189
Peirce, Benjamin, 53, 56
Peirce, Charles, 53, 56
Pentecostals, 14
perception, 74, 88, 97, 121, 129, 130, 149, 343, 534
perfection, 214, 336, 376, 545. See also specific person’s views
performance, 405, 520, 521, 548–49, 552, 554
“permissive turn,” 331, 351
Perrottet, Suzanne, 44–45
personality, 130, 149, 164, 174, 317n, 323, 340, 358, 424, 427, 538
Petigny, Alan, 351, 355, 363
petites heureuses, Sartre’s, 182, 460, 554
Pew Research Center/Forum, 15, 21, 28
phenomenology:
aftermath of World War II and, 331
being and, 542
characteristics of, 541, 553, 554
contributors to idea of, 226–27
Csikszentmihalyi and, 534
as fad, 177
Gide and, 128, 129
immediacy as point of, 459
importance of, 536
intelligence and, 74
life and, 73, 75
lyrical, 460, 541
and metaphysics of the concrete, 71–73
minimalism as form of, 391
naming and, 465
perception and, 74
and pleasure in small things, 197, 198–99
reality and, 553
as realm of life, 554
and Saint-Exupéry’s works, 345
science and, 544
scientific discoveries and, 337
Strindberg and, 98
as success, 541
“thingness” and, 73–75
wholeness and, 553
and world as illogical, 164, 183
See also specific person’s views or topic
philosopher-kings (Samurai): Wells’s views about, 137
philosophers:
O’Neill’s views about, 254
See also specific person
philosophy:
beginning of, 61
as changing, 64
counterculture and, 426
definition of, 162
German, 83
happiness and, 435
and object of philosophic reflection, 4
poetry and, 460, 505
postmodernism and, 499
pragmatism and, 64
“process,” 184, 305–6, 380, 381, 384, 397, 492
of science, 492
science and, 516
task of, 460, 507
Theosophy and, 167
Vienna Circle and, 278
See also specific person’s views
photography: difference between human eye and, 74, 88
physics, 3, 121, 141, 305, 336, 471, 488, 490–95, 508, 509, 542, 544, 545
Picasso, Pablo, 110, 111, 227, 233, 266, 334, 436
Pinker, Steven, 476–77, 510
Pius XI (pope), 314
Pius XII (pope), 314, 362
plasticity, 397–400, 401, 402
Plath, Sylvia, 458, 463, 537
Plato, 4, 48, 63, 289, 465, 517
Platonism, 60, 184, 209, 453
play, 118, 119, 125, 504, 537
plays. See drama; specific person’s views or play
pleasure, 113, 114, 197, 282–83, 370, 435, 439, 460, 504, 512, 533�
�34, 536–37, 543, 547
plenitude aesthetic, 486–87
Podhoretz, Norman, 405
Poe, Edgar Allan, 222, 422
“poetic science,” 470
poetry/poets:
achievement of, 457
activity of, 464
of affirmation, 484–85
aim/purpose of, 164, 248, 462, 464, 537
authority of, 457
“beat,” 403–6
benefits of, 549
brevity of, 458–59
chance and, 119
counterculture and, 411
definitions of, 450, 458, 463–64
detail and, 537
as disinterested, 464
engagement with, 542
as experience of being, 458–59
as form of philosophy, 505
fulfillment and, 461
George’s impact on, 150–55
God as major idea in, 146
as God’s orphans, 147–50
Heaney’s views about, 224, 448–49, 456–60, 463–64, 537, 542, 549, 550
as heroes, 449
as holiday from rationality, 460–61
ideal reader of, 451
imagination and, 464
importance of, 146–47, 457
knowledge and, 459, 464, 549
language of, 458, 459, 465, 549
in late nineteenth century, 90–91
as life’s redemption, 146
meaning of, 459–60, 464
Miłosz’s views about, 448, 449–52, 456, 461–62, 464, 468, 538, 546, 549
music and, 245–46
“naming” in, 149–50, 462–65
order and, 460–62
as privileged, 151–52
Proletkult, 213
and reality, 549
and realms of life, 554
relationship between painting and, 245–46
poetry/poets (continued)
as replacement for God/religion, 151, 159, 244
Russian, 206
science and, 148, 159, 460, 542
as between science and philosophy, 460
as secular revelation, 549–50
size of, 457
Symbolism and, 206
verification and, 542
as witness, 449, 450, 451
World War I and, 146, 189–90, 193, 194–95, 197
See also specific person’s views
pointillism theory, 113
Poland, 219, 331, 332, 449
politics:
Grayling’s views about, 506
identity, 445
Jung’s views about, 287
Lunacharsky’s views about, 209
Marx’s views about, 203
O’Neill’s views about, 251
Popper’s views about, 333
postmodernism and, 499
radical, 438
religion and, 526–29
Shaw and, 100, 102, 103
Weber’s views about, 220
Wells’s views about, 137
Woolf’s views about, 257
Pollock, Jackson, 394, 397, 398–99, 400, 401, 402
pop art, 391, 392
“pop-psych” movements, 177
Popper, Karl, 273, 274, 333
popular culture, 497, 498
positivism, 23, 113, 178, 179, 277–78, 314–15, 363–64
postmodernism, 313, 385, 466, 498–500, 535
pottery, clay, 402–3
Pound, Ezra, 125, 173, 174, 404, 461, 538
poverty, 13–18, 22, 192, 286, 394, 431, 432–33
power, 251, 255, 501, 502, 543
“practice”: as missing, 501–3
pragmatism:
aims of, 61
and difference between faith and belief, 514
early, 54–56
essences and, 63–64, 66
future and, 61, 62, 63
hope and, 91, 450
life and, 95
phenomenology and, 226
pleasure and, 197
science and, 64, 65
See also specific person’s views or topic
prayer, 376–77, 456, 472
Presbyterian Church, 367
process:
painting, 397–98
Whitehead’s views about, 305–6, 380, 381, 397
“process” philosophy, 184, 305–6, 380, 381, 384, 397, 492
progress, 287, 496, 515, 516, 525, 539
Proletkult, 206, 213
prostitution: and Jewish women’s sacrifice, 374
Protestants, 34, 155, 310, 314, 315, 322, 324, 382
Proust, Marcel, 124, 141–45, 190, 232, 265, 266, 455, 537
Proust, Marcel—works by:
A la recherche du temps perdu, 141–42, 143–44, 232
Swann’s Way, 142
psilocybin experiments, 417
psychedelics, 416–23, 424–25, 441
psychoanalysis/psychotherapy:
beginning of, 84
confessional compared with, 354, 362
counterculture and, 410, 414
first American course offering of, 351
growth of, 360
meaning and, 438
pastoral psychology/counseling and, 352, 360–62
religion and, 83–89, 279–82, 352–55, 358
as science, 89
security, 438
self and, 65
shadow culture and, 178–79
spread of, 88
See also specific person’s views
“psychological turn”: in United States, 362
psychology:
as cause of atheism, 354–55
chicken experiment in, 56–57
depth, 371
Gestalt, 395
height, 371
and hierarchy of needs, 415
humanistic, 361–62, 363, 364, 368
influence of science on, 351
meta-, 278–82
and move away from materialism, 19
origin of, 65
para-, 414
pastoral, 352, 360–62
“permissive turn” and, 331
religion and, 16–17, 58, 59, 84, 254–55, 278–82, 290, 353, 355–57, 359, 437
rise of modern, 241
third-force, 414–15
See also specific person’s views
psychotherapy. See psychoanalysis/psychotherapy; specific person’s views
Puritanism, 255, 366
Putnam, Hilary, 58n, 524, 528
quality of life, 105, 432, 437, 476
quantum theory, 490, 495, 516, 545
Quisling, Vidkun, 330–31
“Quit thinking,” 387, 396
Raban, Jonathan, 382–83
race, 139–41, 235, 315–22, 333–34, 395, 421, 452. See also civil rights movement
Rank, Otto, 84, 352
rationality:
counterculture and, 411
desire and, 543
Futurists and, 210
holiday from, 460–62
Marxism and, 211
minimalist art and, 392
Nazis and, 315–16
phenomenology and, 75
religion and, 526–29
spontaneity and, 394
surrealism and, 198, 199
See also specific person’s views
Rauschenberg, Robert, 391, 400
Rawls, John, 502–3
Read, Herbert, 191
reality/realism:
Abstract Expressionism and, 399
“beat” writing and, 404
drugs and, 441
Expressionism and, 121, 122
final, 136
and goal of religion, 456
Impressionism and, 111
minimalist art and, 391
modern art and, 113
perception of, 72
phenomenology and, 72, 73, 553
Platonic tradition and, 60
poetry and, 549
pragmatism and, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66
reason and, 72
scientific, 514
spontaneity and, 394, 395
surrealism and, 199
in twentieth-century art, 124
See also specific person’s views
reason:
choice and, 513
communicative, 3, 515
existentialists and, 338
Gifford Lectures and, 58n
moral whole and secular, 3
pragmatism and, 60, 61
reality and, 72
religion as based on, 3
science and, 525
shadow culture and, 177
surrealism and, 198, 199
See also specific person’s views
rebellion. See revolution
reciprocal enlightenment concept, Shaw’s, 105
reciprocity, 555
redemption, 69, 92, 146, 189, 192, 193, 197, 373, 377, 378, 515, 546
reflection, 72, 76n, 224, 267, 517–18
Regan, Tom, 78–79, 81
reincarnation, 500
Reisner, Rob, 393–94
relationships, 94–97, 265, 365, 383, 436, 439, 526. See also specific person’s views
relativity theory, 490, 495, 516, 545
religion:
as addiction, 444
aim/function of, 13, 17, 202, 391, 456
alternative, 177–79, 201, 214–17
basis of, 3
benefits of, 15–16
and church-state relations, 526–29
religion (continued)
civil, 533
as combatting bad behavior, 15–16
counterculture and, 416
culture and, 28–29, 496–97
decline in, 8–11, 14, 21, 23–24, 28
of early man, 85
evolution as, 487–88
evolution of, 471, 474–75, 479, 481, 536
expansion of, 7, 8–11, 13, 14
factories as substitutes for, 217–18
as failure, 325
festivity as hallmark of, 67
globalized, 536, 546
as “habit of action,” 513
as ideology, 29
importance of, 497
as infantilism, 285
lifespan of, 472–73
as mental illness, 86
multidisplinary research about, 472
as myth, 292, 480–81
as natural phenomenon, 59, 88
need for, 86
need for research about, 474
neurosis as private, 83–89
of no religion, 416
origin of, 527
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