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The Age of Atheists: How We Have Sought to Live Since the Death of God

Page 74

by Watson, Peter


  inverting of, 407

  Jewish views about, 377

  and living well, 520

  love of, 68

  meaning of, 4, 18, 29, 400, 496, 506, 519, 521, 522, 524

  as narrative, 548, 550

  as performance, 520, 521, 548–49, 554

  realms of, 554

  religion as way to fulfilled, 6

  shadow culture and, 178

  size of, 538, 544–45

  theothanatology and, 385

  as tragedy, 164

  turning points in, 427

  unexamined, 517–18, 522

  unsatisfiability of, 511–12

  use is, 100–101

  withdrawal from, 511

  See also specific person’s views or topic

  life-lie, 254

  lifestyles, Nietzschean, 35–36

  light, 112, 113–14, 120, 516

  literature, 260, 292, 465–68, 499, 533. See also specific author

  Locke, John, 83, 357, 436, 503

  logic, 75, 76, 129–30, 164, 275, 278, 300

  logical positivism. See Vienna Circle

  logotherapy, 369–70

  loneliness, 19–20, 50, 241, 255, 358, 365, 390, 416, 425, 451

  Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 56

  Lorca, Federico García, 120, 146

  Louÿs, Pierre, 160

  love:

  comradeship and, 390

  counterculture and, 414, 424, 427

  enduring, 555

  ethics and, 516

  family, 255

  as harmful, 444

  and hierarchy of psychological needs, 415

  Jews and, 373

  as refuge, 341–43

  self-, 272, 359, 445

  as source of fulfillment, 444

  universal, 284

  of the world, 440

  See also agape (law of love); specific person’s views

  Lovelock, James, 486, 487, 488

  Lowell, Robert, 458, 537

  Lowell Lectures, 55

  LSD, 418–19, 421–22, 424, 441, 442

  Ludendorff, Mathilde, 322, 324

  Lukács, George, 159, 233

  Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 205, 206, 209–10, 211, 213

  lust: Saint-Point’s views about, 47, 543

  Lustig, Arnot, 379

  Luther, Martin, 202, 319, 353

  Lutheran Church, 314, 322

  luxury, meaning as, 431, 533

  lying, 133, 135, 136, 139

  Lynd, Helen, 239, 240, 241, 242, 352

  Lynd, Robert, 239, 240, 241, 242, 352

  Mach, Ernst, 232–33, 273

  Machiavelli, Niccolo, 212

  machine/machinery, 90–92, 117–18, 270, 434–35

  MacIntyre, Alasdair, 58n, 435, 501–2, 539

  Macke, August, 181

  Magritte, René, 199

  Mahler, Gustav, 33, 35

  Mailer, Norman, 368, 405

  Malevich, Kazimir, 210–11

  Mallarmé, Stéphane, 128, 146, 147–50, 160, 163, 164, 165, 536, 542

  Malraux, André, 339–40, 341–42, 343, 344, 347, 399, 537

  man. See human beings

  Mandelstam, Osip, 449, 455, 457, 537

  Manet, Edouard, 115

  Mann, Thomas, 36–37, 157, 180, 265, 395, 534–35

  Mannheim, Karl, 332, 333

  Mansfield, Katherine, 303

  Marcuse, Herbert, 411

  marginal practices, Heidegger’s, 226

  Margulis, Lynn, 486, 488

  marijuana, 424, 442, 442n

  Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso, 117

  marriage, 135, 227, 313, 436

  martyrdom, James’s (William) views about, 58

  Marx, Karl:

  art and, 292

  and capitalism, 202

  Christianity and, 202

  consciousness and, 292

  and decline in belief in God, 23

  and history, 203

  influence of, 205

  language and, 465

  and literature, 292

  Mallarmé compared with, 147

  and morals/morality, 292

  and politics, 203

  postmodernism and, 499

  Marx, Karl (continued)

  religion and, 201, 292

  Ricoeur’s views about, 292

  “ruling ideas” of society, 203

  sex and, 292

  socialism and, 202

  Trotsky’s views about, 214

  and withering away of state, 285

  writings of, 200, 202, 203

  See also Marxism

  Marxism:

  counterculture and, 411

  existentialists and, 336

  God and, 201

  good and, 211

  individual and, 205

  materialism and, 211

  nationalism and, 200

  Nazis and, 315

  Nietzsche’s influence on, 38, 204–14

  popularity of, 330

  postmodernism and, 498

  rationality and, 211

  religion and, 201, 213, 292

  spirituality and, 211

  spread of, 202

  Superman and, 213

  will to power and, 211

  work/workers and, 202–3, 217–19

  See also communism; specific person’s views

  mask, 172, 173, 174, 181, 251

  “Masks” (Macke), 181

  Maslow, Abraham, 362, 363, 368, 414–15, 426, 434, 537

  Masonic lodges, 318, 320

  Massachusetts Metaphysical College, 178

  Masters, R. E., 419–20

  materialism:

  art as way out of, 18

  communism and, 216

  and Gifford Lectures, 58n

  happiness and, 20, 434

  Marxism and, 211

  modern art and, 113

  Nazis and, 311, 315

  scientific, 58n, 280–81, 480–81

  shift toward, 239

  Theosophy and, 167, 170

  World War I and, 190

  See also specific person’s views

  mathematics, 160, 278, 303–4, 305, 336, 487, 491–95, 517, 523, 524

  Matisse, Henri, 115–16, 119

  matter, 73, 183, 309, 429

  May, Rollo, 352, 362

  Mead, Margaret, 356

  meaning:

  ambigous, 124

  of artwork, 392

  “beat” writing and, 403–6

  and beliefs as public, 514

  body’s role in search for, 387

  color as, 115–16

  community and, 546

  counterculture and, 414, 430

  Expressionism and, 122

  Futurists and, 210

  global ethics as important to, 506

  hope and, 546

  and impoverishment of modern life, 555

  intensity as, 339–41

  of life, 4, 18, 29, 400, 496, 506, 519, 521, 522

  as luxury, 431, 533

  minimalist art and, 392

  need for, 6

  and “new spirit” in art, 124

  as not a security blanket, 536–41

  as oppressive illusion, 505–6

  and others, 554

  poetry and, 459–60, 464

  prosody as, 403–6

  psychotherapy and, 89, 438

  religion and, 556

  simultanism and, 126

  surrealism and, 198

  therapeutic approach and, 446

  and wholeness via juxtaposition, 125


  See also specific person’s views

  The Meaning of Life (movie), 18

  meditations, Nozick’s, 517–18

  Merezhkovsky, Dmitry, 206, 211

  Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 335, 339, 340–41, 534

  metal: Futurists and, 117–18

  metanarrative, 498–99

  metaphors, 173, 231–32, 248

  Metaphysical Club “Saturday Club,” 55–56, 59

  metaphysics, 71–73, 274–78, 382, 384, 394, 415, 432, 456, 538. See also specific person’s views

  middle-class, spiritual, 253–54

  Middletown (Lynd and Lynd), 239, 241, 242, 352

  Midgley, Mary, 58n, 487–90, 491, 495

  Mill, John Stuart, 83, 303, 503

  Miłosz, Czesław, 448, 449–52, 456, 461–62, 464, 468, 538, 546, 549

  Milton, John, 465

  mind, 64, 112, 136–41, 190, 398, 401, 419. See also mind-body; specific person’s views

  mind-body, 394, 395, 398, 399, 404

  Mingus, Charles, 397

  minimalism, 387–93, 400, 407. See also specific person’s views

  minutes heureuses, Baudelaire’s, 536, 553

  miracles, 173, 261

  missing:

  “practice” as, 501–3

  “what is,” 5–6, 510, 526, 528–29, 539

  Mode, Doris, 361–62

  modern art, 111, 198, 316, 341–42, 546. See also specific artist

  modern dance, 44, 400, 401

  Modern Times (movie), 339

  modernism, 10, 14, 17–18, 20, 37, 90–91, 143, 156, 311, 316, 498, 527, 535

  moments of being: Woolf’s views about, 261, 262–63

  moments bienheureux, Proust’s, 144, 537

  Mondrian, Piet, 180, 183–84, 197, 454

  Monet, Claude, 112–13, 115, 118, 537

  money: as replacing God, 238–43

  Monod, Jacques, 488, 489–90

  Montaigne, Michel de, 130, 346

  Montale, Eugenio, 460–61, 537

  Monte Veritá, 44, 46

  Moore, George Edward, 77–82, 83, 251, 289, 301, 303, 308, 426–27, 538

  morals/morality:

  counterculture and, 410, 425–27

  Darwinism as explanation for, 7

  definition of, 520, 548

  “discursive Christianity” and, 28

  drugs and, 441

  ethics and, 520, 548–49

  evolution and, 471, 495, 548

  and God, 548

  as guides to behavior, 510

  lust and, 47

  Nietzschean Marxists and, 204, 208

  and realms of life, 554

  and religion as “slave morality,” 204, 209

  science and, 540

  World War I impact on, 240

  See also specific person’s views

  Morison, Samuel Eliot, 66

  Mormons, 178

  Morrison, Jim, 421–22

  Morton, Frederic, 278–79

  Mother Teresa, 383

  Motherwell, Robert, 397, 400

  Munch, Edvard, 111, 120–21

  Munich putsch (1923), 321–22

  Murdoch, Iris, 58n, 452–53, 464

  Murray, Gilbert, 38, 180

  Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism, 218

  music, 115, 160, 213, 230–31, 245, 395–97, 410, 416–23, 424, 505, 550. See also dance; type of music

  Musil, Robert, 232–37, 301, 432, 514, 533, 537

  Muslims. See Islam

  Mussolini, Benito, 314, 317n

  My Dinner with Andre (Malle film), 439–40

  Myrdal, Gunnar, 333–34

  mysticism:

  arts and, 484

  counterculture and, 412, 413, 416, 418, 419, 428

  and limits of wholeness, 539

  scientific, 250

  shadow culture and, 178–79

  See also specific person’s views

  mythology:

  of avant-garde, 118

  Beckett’s views about, 391

  Ivanov’s views about, 207

  Joyce’s views about, 267

  Jung’s views about, 286, 288, 289

  religion as, 292

  science as, 481

  of wholeness, 290–93, 294

  Wilson’s (E. O.) views about, 480–81

  Yeats’s use of, 173, 176, 267

  Nagel, Thomas, 507–12

  and beauty, 512

  and chance, 509

  and change, 509

  and consciousness, 508, 509, 511

  Nagel, Thomas (continued)

  and creationism, 509, 510

  and Darwinism, 509, 510

  and ego, 511

  and evolution, 4, 508–9, 510, 517, 540

  and existence, 3–4, 507, 523

  and extinction, 510

  and intention, 509

  and intuition, 507

  and language, 507–8, 511

  and materialism, 4

  and meaning, 507, 554

  and metaphysics, 533

  and mind, 508–9

  and morals, 508–9, 511, 548

  objectivity and, 507–8, 511–12

  and other, 554

  and philosophy, 162, 507

  and physics, 508, 509

  and reality, 507–8, 518

  and reason, 508

  and relationship of religion and secular world, 5

  and science, 507, 508

  and self, 512, 536

  and subjectivity, 507–8, 511–12

  and supernatural, 507

  and theism, 4

  and transcendence, 508, 509, 546

  and truth, 508–9

  and unity, 512

  and universe, 509, 521

  and values, 508, 524

  Nagel, Thomas—works by:

  The Last Word, 507

  Mind and Cosmos, 4, 508, 509, 510, 511

  Mortal Questions, 507

  Secular Philosophy and the Religious Temperament, 3

  The View from Nowhere, 507, 511

  What Does It All Mean? 507

  naming, 149–50, 262, 266, 462–65, 542, 550–54, 555, 556

  narcissism, 439, 511

  narrative, 6, 498–99, 538–39, 547, 548, 550, 554

  National Association for Evangicals, 360

  National Commission on Children, 15

  National Committee for Mental Hygiene, 351

  nationalism, 166, 170–71, 172, 175, 176, 191, 200, 315–16, 322, 324

  Native American traditions, 416–17

  natural selection, 57, 102, 481, 486–87, 508, 511, 542, 551

  “naturalistic fallacy” concept, Moore’s, 81–82

  nature/Nature, 40, 61, 121, 151, 177, 337, 541. See also specific person’s views

  Nazis:

  “blood flag” of, 321

  “blood and soil” concept of, 313, 317, 319, 323

  Catholicism and, 314, 315, 319, 322, 324, 325

  Christianity and, 311–12, 313–15, 322, 324–25

  community and, 315

  ethics and, 314, 315

  Evangelical Church and, 313

  God and, 322

  and God is dead, 314

  heroes and, 320, 322

  history and, 317

  Jews and, 311, 313, 314, 322, 373, 380

  Marxism and, 315

  materialism and, 311, 315

  modernism and, 311

  Protestants and, 314, 315, 322, 324

  race and, 315–22

  religion and, 310–25

  Saxon tradition and, 321r />
  See also specific person’s views

  “negative exuberance” concept, Bloom’s, 406–7

  Neruda, Pablo, 449, 461

  Neurath, Otto, 273, 274

  neurosis, 83–89, 239, 241, 281, 288, 290, 358, 438

  “New Age,” 500

  New Thought, 178

  New York Psychoanalytic Institute, 356

  Newton, Isaac, 110, 303, 305, 429, 436, 465, 470

  Nietzsche, Elizabeth Förster, 35, 38

  Nietzsche, Friedrich:

  Altizer and, 383

  and Andreas-Salomé marriage proposal, 227, 436

  and art, 36–38, 39–40, 48–50, 292, 455

  avant-garde influence of, 39–40

  as to blame for current predicament, 22

  as blamed for two world wars, 24, 51, 187–88

  “cargo of life” concept of, 25

  and chaos, 25

  and Christianity, 37, 97

  and community, 205

  and consciousness, 292

  core insight of, 25

  cult of, 36, 37, 50

  Darwinism and, 52, 205

  death of, 24

  and Dionysianism, 26, 554

  Duncan’s views about, 47

  Dworkin and, 520

  eternal recurrence concept of, 26, 175, 385

  and evil, 205

  Expressionism and, 48–49

  and facts, 25

  fame of, 33, 34, 36–38

  and German academic philosophy, 83

  Germanness of, 33, 34, 321

  Gide and, 128

  God is dead announcement of, 3, 4, 7–8, 24, 148, 210, 253, 377, 454, 532–33, 544, 554

  greatest irony for, 33

  happiness of, 436

  Heidegger’s lectures about, 225

  and heroes, 188

  and hope, 546

  Ibsen as response to, 94

  illness/“black melancholy” of, 22–23, 24, 33, 34–35

  individualism and, 204, 205

  influence of, 49, 84, 91, 98, 128, 160, 163–64, 188, 189, 204–14, 253–54, 263–64, 330, 383, 422, 520

  and instinct, 122, 292

  Joyce and, 263–64

  legacy of, 24

  and life, 25, 26, 269

  and literature, 292

  and love, 164

  Marxism and, 38, 204–14

  and metaphysics, 26

  modernism and, 37

  and morality, 292

  Morrison’s music and, 422

  as Musil role model, 234

  mythologizing of, 38

  naming and, 462

  nihilism of, 545

  O’Neill and, 250, 253–54

  and optimism, 546

  and passions, 25

  personal and professional background of, 288

  as phenomenon, 22–24, 29

  as philosopher of death, 188, 210

  popularity of, 34–35, 36–38, 52

  psychology influence of, 49

  Rank and, 84

  and rationality, 25, 205

 

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