The Age of Atheists: How We Have Sought to Live Since the Death of God
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pagan, 270, 323–25
primitive, 145
privatization of, 239, 513–14
promises of, 281
reassurance from, 13
religious distinguished from, 296–97
retreat from, 29
root of, 65
secular world’s relationship to, 2–6, 526–27, 528
shadow culture and, 177–79
as “slave morality,” 204, 209
success as, 250
universality of, 28–29
without theology, 480–81
See also specific person’s views or topic
“religion of the blood” concept, 317, 319, 323
religious atheist: Dworkin’s views about, 519, 522
renewal, 50–51, 95
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, 113, 300
repression, 311, 353
resistance, 342, 400, 401, 402–3
Resistance, French, 336, 338, 339, 346, 389, 390
respect:
as layer of ethics, 516
self-, 519, 521, 548, 549
See also dignity
responsibility, 103, 344, 350, 383, 444, 513, 519–22, 554
responsiveness: as layer of ethics, 516
resurrection, 271, 384
revolution, 138, 203, 209
Richards, I. A., 74, 146
Richards, Mary Caroline, 394, 402
Ricoeur, Paul, 292, 555
Ridley, Matt, 475–76, 477, 512
Rieff, Philip, 270, 358
rights: origins of, 534
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 227–32
afterlife and, 229–30, 550
being and, 231
Christianity and, 228, 550
consciousness and, 228, 230
Csikszentmihalyi and, 534
death and, 225, 230, 231–32
death of, 232
Die Freistatt, as publisher for, 157
and existence, 232, 537, 550
and experience, 550
and God, 228, 230
and happiness, 228, 436
Heidegger and, 227
and human beings, 230
and imagination, 232, 237, 553–54
influence of, 227, 413
influences on, 228
and language, 228, 550
life and, 228, 230, 231–32, 265
Mallarmé’s influence on, 147
and meaning, 230
metaphor use by, 231–32
music and, 230–31, 550
naming and, 262, 550
and nature, 228, 229, 550
personal and professional background of, 227–28
and poetry, 222, 550
religion and, 228, 229, 230
and science, 229
and self, 231
and singing, 230–31, 232, 550
Spiegelberg and, 413
and truth, 229
and universe, 229
views about world of, 148–49
Rilke, Rainer Maria—works by:
Duino Elegies, 228
“The Passing,” 229
Sonnets to Orpheus, 228
Rimbaud, Arthur, 71, 72–73, 123, 422
rituals, 67, 135, 145, 215, 216, 242, 391, 473, 555
Ritzkrieg, 335
“RNA world,” 510
Robbins, Bruce, 539, 546, 548
Robinson, John, 385–86
Roche, G. T., 440–41
rock and roll, 410, 422, 424
Rodin, Auguste, 227, 436
Rogers, Carl, 360, 361, 362, 363–66, 368, 370, 415
“romance”: Rorty’s views about, 515
Romanticism, 23, 92, 123, 125, 161, 264, 274, 420, 465
Rorty, Richard, 59, 60, 64, 65, 465–68, 512–16, 524, 528, 538, 546, 547, 554, 556
Rosenberg, Alfred, 316–22, 323
The Myth of the Twentieth Century by, 316–19, 321, 322
Rosenberg, Harold, 397–98
Rosenthal, Bernice Glazer, 205, 206, 207, 210, 211, 212, 214
Roszak, Theodore, 410, 411–12, 425–30, 447, 485, 486, 487, 490–91
Roth, Philip, 406–8, 430, 447, 537, 538, 543
Rothchild, Paul, 421–23
Roughgarden, Joan, 10–11
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 123, 203, 346, 357, 450, 503, 525
Roy, Oliver, 28, 29, 536, 546
rules, 223, 232, 291, 292, 294, 357, 404, 503
Rushdie, Salman, 1–2, 531–32
Russell, Bertrand, 302–4, 306–9
anxiety and, 308
awards and honors for, 303
belief and, 309
as Cambridge Conversazione Society member, 78
at Cambridge University, 303–4
and children, 308
Christianity and, 306, 307
communism and, 307
community and, 308
conscience and, 308
death of, 303
delight and, 307–8
desire and, 308, 309
Dewey’s debates with, 60
and ecstasy, 440
and education, 308
ethics and, 308
and existence, 507
and facts, 309
and God, 306, 307, 309
and good, 308
and happiness, 307, 308, 435, 436–37
and humanism, 307
and intuition, 76
and knowledge, 303, 307, 309
and Lawrence’s “quit thinking” advice, 271, 387
life and, 303, 307, 308, 309
and love, 303, 307–8, 309
and mathematics, 303–4
and matter, 309
and Moore’s influence, 79
and morals, 308
and nature, 307
passions of, 303
personal and professional background of, 303
and religion, 306–7
science and, 308
and sex, 308
and sin, 309
and suffering, 303
Vienna Circle and, 273
Whitehead and, 304, 305
Wittgenstein and, 302–3
work/workers and, 308
world views of, 307, 309
World War I and, 304, 307
Russell, Bertrand—works by:
Autobiography, 78
Behaviorism and Values, 306
The Conquest of Happiness, 306
The Danger of Creed Wars, 306
Eastern and Western Ideals of Happiness, 306
Satan in the Suburbs, 306
Why I Am Not a Christian, 306
Russia:
Bolsheviks in, 200–219, 541n
holidays in, 218
intelligentsia in, 205–6
Marxism in, 202
Russia (continued)
poetry in, 206
religion in, 204–6
revolutions/civil war in, 201, 213, 216
Rilke’s visits to, 227, 228
Rosenberg and, 316
Russell’s views about, 303
and Soviet troops at Auschwitz, 330
theosophy in, 180
World War I and, 190, 192, 200–201
See also Bolsheviks; communism; Marxism; specific person’s views
sacrifice, 207, 344, 374
Safranski, Rudiger, 221–22
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 342–45, 347, 399
Saint-Point, Valentine de, 47, 543
saintliness: James’s (William) views about, 58
salvation:
belief as basis of, 29
communism and, 215
counterculture and, 429, 438
drugs and, 416
Expressionism and, 121
happiness and, 432
Jewish views about, 373, 377
machines and, 91
postmodernism and, 499
and “psychological turn” in America, 362
Russian intelligentsia views about, 206
science as, 487–88
self-realization as replacement for, 368
size of life and, 544–45
“thingness” as alternative to, 74
war as, 190, 191
See also specific person’s views
Samurai (philosopher-kings): Wells’s views about, 137
Santayana, George, 66–70, 94, 96, 108, 128, 161, 245, 537–38, 539, 546, 553–54
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 334–40, 345–49
and action, 348, 349
art/artists and, 349
Beckett’s views about, 389
change and, 346
community and, 349
Csikszentmihalyi and, 534
decisiveness and, 349, 350
as existentialist, 334–36
and freedom, 346, 347–48, 349, 350
French Resistance and, 334
and fulfillment, 460
and God, 336, 347, 350
and God is dead, 347
and good, 347
and human nature, 347
and humanism, 349
and identity, 346
life and, 350
and love, 349
Merleau-Ponty lectures and, 340
and morals, 349
Paris lectures of, 238, 335–36
petites heureuses of, 182, 460, 554
and phenomenology, 460, 541
and poetry, 147–48
and pragmatism, 347
and reality, 349
and responsibility, 350
salvation and, 350
and sin, 350
and singing, 505
Temps modernes journal and, 338–39
“tyranny of concepts” of, 398
and universality, 349
values and, 348, 349
World War II impact on, 346–47
Sartre, Jean-Paul—works by:
“Existentialism Is a Humanism” (lecture), 335, 338, 346–47
Les petites heureuses, 182
Les Temps modernes, 338, 339
Mallarmé, or the Poet of Nothingness, 147
“Portrait of the Anti-Semite,” 346
Sassoon, Siegfried, 194–95, 303
Saturday Club. See Metaphysical Club
Saxon tradition, 321
Schiller, Friedrich, 118, 284
Schlick, Moritz, 273, 274
Schoenberg, Arnold, 180–81
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 23, 163, 301, 436, 533
Schumpeter, Joseph, 332
Schweitzer, Albert, 57n, 311
Schwitters, Kurt, 119
science:
achievements of, 471
aims of, 456, 460, 488, 540, 541
as alternative to religion, 540
art compared with, 455
benefits of, 514, 554
capitalism and, 540
children’s education in, 541
communism and, 215
counterculture and, 410, 413, 426, 427, 428
desire and, 540, 542–43
engagement with, 542
existentialists and, 336–37
humanities’ link with, 483–85
and ideal world, 494
impact of, 541–43, 544
Impressionism and, 113–14
influence on psychology of, 351
Marxism and, 213–14
meaning of life and, 29
morality and, 29, 540
and move away from materialism, 19
as myth, 481
naming and, 550
nature and, 541
in 1950s, 368
occult and, 167, 179
opposition to/criticisms of, 55, 58n, 541
phenomenology and, 73, 75, 544
philosophy and, 516
philosophy of, 492
“poetic,” 470
poetry and, 148, 159, 460, 542
post–World War II, 351
postmodernism and, 499
pragmatism and, 64, 65
psychoanalysis as, 89
as realm of life, 554
reasoning of, 525
of religion, 59
religion and, 11, 24, 59, 218, 469–72, 515, 523, 540
as salvation, 487–88
secularization and, 540–41
of the soul, 485–86
successes of, 506
surrealism and, 198
Theosophy and, 167, 168
truth and, 29, 455, 540, 544
unfitness of, 27–29
unity and, 524–25, 544
Vienna Circle and, 274
See also evolution; specific person’s views or science
scientific atheism, 204, 217
scientists: emotional reactions of, 5, 522–23
scorn, 349–50
Scriabin, Alexander, 180–81, 190
Scruton, Roger, 58n, 546, 554
Scythians, 212–13
séances, 169, 173, 174, 179, 180, 288
Second World War. See World War II
“Secret Germany,” George’s, 154, 157–60
secularism:
aim of, 539
apotheosis of, 498–99
communism and, 214–17
as complementary to religion, 11–12
education and, 240–41
effects of, 238–43
globalization and, 28
happiness and, 432
high point of, 7
how to find meaning in, 8
Impressionism and, 113
as lacking in something, 5
modern art and, 111
modernization and, 10, 14
as narrative of progress, 539
in 1950s, 368
“permissive turn” and, 331
relationship of religion to, 2–6, 526–27, 528
and religion as sociology, 11–13
science and, 540–41
spread of, 497
theory of, 10, 14, 17
theothanatology and, 382, 383, 384, 385
See also specific person’s views
security, 11–13, 87, 104, 116, 121, 243, 415, 431, 434, 438
self:
acceptance of, 365, 446
aim of life and, 516
beauty and, 536
counterculture’s views about, 411, 414, 420, 427, 428, 437
“discursive Christianity” and, 28
enlargement of, 516
essential, 162
Expressionism and, 120, 121, 122
giving of, 102
happiness and, 435, 444
illusions about, 254
self (continued)
and importance of poetry, 147
Jewish views about, 377
limitation of, 444, 446
love of, 272, 359, 445
multiple, 98, 99, 130, 268, 461
number of, 64
optimism about, 368
porous versus buffered, 6–8
psychoanalysis and, 65
responsibility to, 554
self-contained, 64
as superstition, 130
therapeutic approach and, 446
transcendence of, 370, 371
unity of, 512, 536
See also specific person’s views
self-actualization, 363–64, 365, 368, 370, 414, 415, 434, 546
self-awareness, 4, 103, 221, 517
self-consciousness, 104, 114, 164, 434, 520
self-creation, 39, 64
self-discovery, 354, 377
self-esteem, 415, 445
self-help manuals/books, 435, 438, 443
self-interest, 131, 480
self-knowledge, 122, 269, 408
self-mastery, 351, 362. See also self-realization
self-realization, 68, 131, 204, 349, 351, 358–59, 368
self-respect, 519, 521, 548, 549
self-understanding, 255, 256, 302, 336, 337, 352–55, 526, 528
selfish gene, 548
selfishness, 453, 489
Sennett, Richard, 533–34
sense. See common sense
senses/sensation, 129, 169, 234, 340, 414, 419, 462
Seurat, Georges, 111, 113–14, 115, 119
Seventh-Day Adventists, 178
sex:
children and, 284, 308, 356, 357
counterculture and, 411, 414, 424, 427
fear and, 543
in 1920s, 241
as “peak experience,” 414
See also erotic; specific person’s views
shadow culture, American, 177–79
Shakers, 177
Shakespeare, William, 155, 165, 266, 268, 291, 453, 475, 533
shamanism, 177, 422
shared fictions: of James (Henry), 133–35, 235, 294
Shattuck, Roger, 122–24, 125
Shaw, George Bernard, 44, 99–105, 128, 136, 164, 166, 170, 251, 268, 537
Shaw, George Bernard—works by:
Androcles and the Lion, 104
Back to Methuselah, 101, 103, 104
Candida, 103
Don Juan, 102
Heartbreak House, 100
Major Barbara, 103–4
Man and Superman, 101
Pygmalion, 99
The Quintessence of Ibsenism, 99
Sheen, Monsignor Fulton, 362, 366
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 150, 465
Shestov, Lev, 206, 207–8
Simmel, Georg, 37, 42
simultanism, 126
sin:
children and, 356
“Crisis Theology” and, 312
desire and, 543
Jewish views about, 375
original, 309, 316, 318, 320, 350, 356, 368, 389
See also specific person’s views
singing, 230–31, 232, 550, 551. See also music
situation ethics, 366–67, 477
Six-Day War, 378, 379
Sobornost, 206–9
social contract, 503
social Darwinism, 51, 323, 489
social science, 351, 481, 483–85, 488
social service, religion of, 192
socialism:
and Bolshevik crusade, 200–219
nationalism and, 200
and Nietzsche’s popularity, 52
occult and, 179