The Art of Political Murder

by Francisco Goldman

  To Aura Estrada—I strike the board and cry, No more! You lived with this obsession for several years. Throughout, you were the light. Thank you.

  Index

  Aguilar, Arturo (El Gordo), 72–73, 83, 154, 167, 169, 170, 179–81, 183, 184, 223–27, 258, 292, 294–95, 312–13, 317, 341

  Aguilar, Irvíng, 243, 251, 268

  Aguilar Higueros, Iván (El Chino), 30–35, 58, 60, 77, 79, 82, 83, 95, 101, 190, 192–93, 205, 218, 272–74, 277, 294–300, 302, 327, 332, 353

  Aguilar Martínez, Jorge, 185–86, 196, 205, 209, 223, 225–32, 246, 251, 265, 316–18, 321, 327, 385–6

  Alvarenga, Benjamin, 386

  Alvarado, Carlos Rene, 382

  Andrews, Jurgen, 225

  Annan, Kofi, 96

  Arbenz, Jacobo, 13, 14

  Ardón Medina, Otto, 50, 59, 76–79, 95, 96, 98, 99, 105, 112, 114, 124, 131, 136, 153–57, 160–61, 163, 171, 235, 268, 270, 275, 296, 343, 353, 354

  Arnault, Jean, 50, 54, 70, 80, 90, 154, 175–77, 287, 307

  Arzú, Antonio, 154–55

  Arzú, Diego, 324–25

  Arzú, Roberto, 326

  Arzú Irigoyen, Álvaro Enrique (President), 6, 7, 27, 52, 53, 60, 80, 83, 88–91, 93, 96, 107, 120, 124, 125, 150, 154–55, 157, 173, 185, 189, 205, 224–25, 229, 237, 246, 248, 250, 260, 269, 271, 304, 307, 310, 311, 315, 318, 323–25, 343, 345, 350, 381, 384, 387

  Baloo, 37, 38, 65, 95–101, 105, 107–8, 115–16, 122, 126–28, 136–39, 168, 187

  Bámaca, Efraín, 307, 385

  Barahona, Colonel, 282

  Barrientos, Carlos, 207, 246, 247, 347

  Barrios, Justo Rufino, 141

  Barrios, Yassmín, 203–4, 207, 208, 259, 280, 381

  Batres, Jorge, 347

  Berger, Oscar (President), 311, 318, 320, 345, 347, 386, 388

  Betancourt, Belisario, 136, 380

  Beteta, Noél, 42, 75, 93, 144, 280

  Borges, Jorge Luis, 227, 301

  Brodsky, Joseph, 140

  Búcaro, Sergio, 88

  Bush, George W., 328

  Bushnell, Prudence, 204, 254, 313

  Bux, Robert, 129, 133–34

  Carillo Grajeda, Edgar, 242, 382

  Carpio Nicolle, Jorge, 123

  Carranza, Gustavo, 384

  Casariego, Mario (Cardinal), 11, 19, 20

  Cascante, Wendy, 295, 296

  Castañeda, Mario, 190

  Castillo, Adán, 386

  Cerezo, Vinicio (President), 86, 225

  Chanax Sontay, Rubén (El Colocho), 30–37, 50, 58–60, 77, 79, 82, 83, 95, 189, 190, 192–94, 196, 205, 210, 216–23, 230, 239, 247, 251, 268, 272–80, 288–94, 298–300, 302–3, 305–11, 314, 318, 324, 327, 330–32, 342, 345, 353, 354, 375, 378–9, 384–6

  Chex López, Oscar, 179, 180, 182, 183, 205, 232, 265

  Chin, Carlos, 203

  Chinchilla Monzon, Misael, 382

  Cifuentes, Arlene, 176, 177, 186

  Cintrón Gálvez, Julio, 196–97, 251, 261

  Clinton, Bill, 129, 155

  Coello, Pablo, 97

  Cojulún, Eduardo, 207, 208, 213, 219, 246, 253–54, 256, 259, 266

  Colosio, Luis Donaldo, 61

  Conte Cojulún, Ángel, 54, 353

  Contreras, Blanca Lidia, 157, 159–63

  Contreras, Wilewaldo, 261, 279–81, 287, 301, 313

  Cumaraswamy, Param, 382

  D’Aubuisson, Roberto, 162, 381, 388

  Dedet Catzprowitz, Roy, 238

  De la Grange, Bertrand, 265–68, 287, 288, 292, 315, 326, 336, 343, 382–4

  Del Cid, Thelma, 314

  De León Carpio, Ramiro (President), 306

  De León Girón, Danilo, 327

  Delrue, Terry, 249

  Derham, James, 326

  Domingo, Darinel, 337–39, 356

  Domingo, Mario, 34–35, 53, 73, 97–99, 122, 134, 172, 173, 189, 194, 196, 197, 207, 223, 224, 227, 230, 244, 246, 253, 266, 288, 289, 291, 294, 296–98, 300, 304, 309, 311, 314, 316–18, 330–31, 335–41, 344, 350, 355, 356, 376, 382, 385–6

  Duarte, Napoleon, 20

  Dubois, Alvin, 227, 228

  Dulles, Allen, 14

  Dulles, John Foster, 14

  Echeverría Vallejo, Roberto, 196, 197, 203, 215, 221, 265, 288

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 13, 15

  Escobar, Ana Lucía, 44–46, 48, 60, 156–60, 162, 163, 166–67, 171, 234, 247, 267, 271, 287, 314, 315, 321, 378–9, 383

  Escobar, Dagoberto, 44–45, 160

  Escobar, Imelda, 44, 157–58, 162, 163

  Escobar Blas, Francisco (Major), 153, 157, 161, 171–72, 225, 228, 239, 240, 245, 246, 250, 258, 269, 271, 272, 320–22, 324, 335, 342, 343–44, 354

  Espinosa, Marco Tulio (General), 33, 34, 51, 60, 81, 87, 90, 93, 94, 120, 163, 269, 325, 350, 387

  Fazlollah, Mark, 147

  Fernández, Dina, 92–93

  Figueroa, Isaías, 128–29, 131, 138, 153, 154

  Flores, Gerardo (Bishop), 96

  Font, Juan Luis, 343, 344

  Fujimori, Alberto, 267

  Galeano, Specialist, 225, 228, 386

  Galindo, Celvin, 155–56, 171, 173, 186, 187, 189, 268, 270–71, 343, 354

  García, Carlos, 121, 149, 150

  García, Jorge, 276, 277, 288, 289, 292–94, 296, 297, 311, 314, 318, 345, 386–7

  Garcia, Miguel Angel Hércules (Don Mike), 35, 218

  García González, (General), 290

  García Pimentel, Vinicio, 94, 109

  García Pontaza, Luis Carlos, 160, 166, 167, 234–36, 271, 287, 383

  García Villatoro, Flor de María, 173, 185, 187, 193, 197, 198, 205, 226, 230, 231, 238

  Gerardi Conedera, Juan (Bishop), 3–9, 11–13, 18–21, 23, 25–27, 30–32, 34, 36, 38–44, 46, 49, 54, 56, 58, 59, 65, 67–69, 74–79, 82, 85–87, 89, 91, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100–103, 108–9, 111–14, 116, 118–19, 121, 123–25, 127, 130, 131, 135–38, 140–42, 146, 148, 150, 154–57, 159–63, 167, 169–73, 175–77, 179, 181–83, 185, 186, 192, 195, 198, 201, 205, 210, 217–19, 223, 225, 229, 232, 235, 237, 239, 241, 245, 247–51, 257–58, 260, 261, 266–69, 271, 275, 277–81, 284, 286–88, 290, 294–97, 300, 301, 307, 308, 310–13, 316–18, 320–25, 327–31, 337, 338, 341, 342, 345, 346, 349–54, 356, 357, 378, 381, 386

  Giammattei, Alejandro, 347, 349

  Godoy Cojulún, Víctor Hugo, 351–54

  Godoy de Cuevas, Rosario, 146–48, 380

  Gómez, Julia, 289

  Gómez Calixto, Héctor, 147

  Gómez Limón, Gilberto, 210–15, 287, 318

  Gómez Limón, Noé, 213, 215, 287

  González, Ángel, 345

  González, Epamonidas, 123

  González, Marco Aurelio (Father Maco), 46, 48

  González, Ramón, 214

  González Rodas, Adoldo, 187, 194, 269

  Gramajo, Héctor (General), 86

  Guerra, Mario, 56, 59, 130, 134

  Guillamón, Rafael, 50, 51, 60, 70, 80–82, 88, 101, 118, 131, 169, 177, 271, 286–87, 292, 296, 299, 306–8, 321, 322, 324, 326, 328, 375, 384–5

  Gutiérrez, Dionisio, 345

  Gutiérrez, Edgar, 5–6, 8, 10, 19, 23, 49, 55–57, 78, 89, 90, 92, 119, 123, 124, 164, 177–78, 187–89, 195, 240, 248–49, 260, 265–67, 304, 311, 314, 315, 318–20, 327

  Guzmán, Enrique, 4, 141

  Guzmán de Zuñiga, Amada, 207, 208

  Hamilton, John, 313

  Harbury, Jennifer, 307

  Hernández, Efraín (Chancellor of the Curia), 39, 44–48, 103, 108, 156–62, 164, 167, 171, 198, 220, 235, 267, 314, 324, 328, 378–9

  Hernández Perez, Santos, 382

  “Hugo,” 273, 277, 296, 298, 299, 304, 308, 330, 331, 387

  Iraheta, Mario, 55–56, 130, 133

  Izaguirre, Antonio, 38, 57, 102, 248

  Izquierdo Banini, Hugo, 246

  John Paul II, Pope, 19, 21, 61, 257, 342

  Kaufman, Andy, 68, 70

  Kennedy, John F., 15

  Kerry, John F., 267

  Kinzer, Stephen, 14


  Knight, Suge, 130

  Lainfiesta Cáceres, Eric, 309–10

  Leal, Mario, 279

  Lima Estrada, Byron Disrael (Colonel), 84–88, 119, 120, 142–44, 148, 153, 156, 160, 161, 176, 181, 186, 194–96, 198, 201, 203, 207, 217–18, 239–44, 248, 255–57, 261, 267, 274, 281, 282, 284–87, 290, 306, 307, 310, 313, 314, 316, 320, 323, 327, 331, 332, 335, 341, 343, 346, 352, 354, 356, 357, 379, 386

  Lima Oliva, Byron (Captain), 53, 84, 88, 89, 119–20, 153, 161, 166, 173, 176, 177, 186, 194–96, 198, 201, 203–5, 207, 209, 215, 217, 219, 225, 228–29, 233–35, 237–40, 245, 246, 248–55, 257, 261, 267, 271–74, 278, 279, 281, 282, 284–87, 294, 296, 298, 299, 307, 308, 313–16, 319, 320, 324, 325, 327, 331, 335, 343, 346–50, 352, 354, 356, 386–7

  Lima Oliva, Luis Alberto, 382

  Linares Beltranena, Fernando, 92, 93, 379

  López, Margarita, 8, 38, 40, 44, 47, 57, 65, 97, 98, 101, 194, 201, 207, 216, 226, 248, 257

  López Rico, Major, 290

  Lucas García, Fernando Romeo (General), 20

  Mack Chang, Helen, 42, 49, 55, 89, 172, 178, 179, 245, 256, 258, 300

  Mack Chang, Myrna, 42, 43, 49, 75, 93, 113, 123–24, 130, 139, 141, 142, 144, 175, 202, 258, 280, 281, 284, 300

  Mancilla Meléndez, Elida, 326

  Marcos, Subcomandante, 267

  Mariano Carrera, José, 106–8

  Mario, Father. See Orantes Nájera, Mario “Meche,” 88, 177

  Medrano Garcia, Erick, 382

  Mejía Victores, Óscar (General), 20, 21, 85, 86

  Meléndez Crispín, Julio, 327, 328, 331, 344, 382

  Melgar, Mynor, 75–77, 84, 109, 133, 201–3, 207, 210, 215, 221, 249, 250, 253, 254, 261, 266, 278, 281

  Melville Novella, Martha Jane, 103, 105, 109, 110, 324

  Menchú, Mario, 91, 92, 94, 101, 138, 177

  Menchú, Rigoberta, 16, 181, 345

  Méndez Arriaza, Claudia, 232–34, 236–42, 260, 266, 286, 307, 312–13, 324, 335, 341, 343, 344, 348, 349, 375, 381

  Méndez Perussina, Jorge Diego, 164–66, 168, 205, 271

  Mendizábal, Luis, 157, 162, 380–1

  Mendizábal de la Riva, Fernando, 51

  Mendoza, Arni (El Pitti), 37, 81, 100, 101

  Mendoza, Rodolfo, 80

  Mérida Escobar, José, 42–43, 175

  Mike, Don. See Garcia, Miguel Angel Hércules

  Monroy, Guillermo, 177

  Monroy, Henry, 168, 172, 173, 271

  Morales, Berta Julia, 383

  Morales, José (Chepito), 322

  Morales Garcia, Darío, 153, 171, 172, 245, 321, 327, 382

  Morales Solares, José, 386

  Nájera de Orantes, Marta, 110–11, 150, 152, 247

  Nájera Ruiz, Hugo, 382

  Ng, Anson, 123

  Novella, Olga, 94

  Ochaeta, Ronalth, 5–6, 8–11, 26, 40, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50–51, 54–56, 62, 70, 71, 76, 83, 89, 90, 94, 96, 112–14, 118, 119, 129, 131, 139, 140, 169, 174–78, 186, 188, 198, 240, 265–67, 314

  Ochaeta, Sonia, 40, 114, 139, 174, 175

  Olivares Alay, Osmel, 316–18, 385

  Olmos, Cecilia, 50, 70, 71

  Omar Aguilar, Elser, 166, 167

  Orantes Nájera, Sergio, 103–11, 142, 158, 203

  Orantes Nájera, Mario, 3, 9, 26, 29, 32, 36–39, 44–47, 50, 51, 57–58, 65, 68–70, 91, 94–112, 114, 115, 117–19, 121, 126, 136–38, 142, 150, 152–56, 158, 160, 161, 163, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173, 187, 190, 194, 197, 198, 201, 207, 219–20, 226, 232, 247, 248, 250, 254–57, 271–73, 279, 295, 298–99, 315–17, 321, 324–25, 332, 337, 343, 354, 355

  Ortega, Ricardo, 75, 202

  Ortega Menaldo, Francisco (General), 379

  Ozaeta, Christian, 356

  Palladino, Jack, 129, 130, 132–35, 137, 139, 331

  Penados, Fernando, 40–44, 48, 49, 54, 55, 71–72, 74, 76, 94, 96, 103, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 118, 121, 149, 150, 160, 166, 167, 169, 170, 179, 188, 189, 197–98, 203, 223, 256, 258, 319, 327, 330

  Penados, Julio, 9, 40, 46

  Penados del Barrio, Próspero (Archbishop), 4, 19–21, 40, 41, 44, 46, 84, 197, 304, 326–28

  Pérez, Hans, 121, 122

  Pérez Avedaño, Carlos, 88

  Pérez Ixcajop, Julio, 42

  Pérez Molina, Otto (General), 239, 306, 307, 318, 345, 346, 349, 385, 388

  Pinochet, Augusto (General), 142, 239

  Pop, Pedro, 192–93, 375

  Porras, Gustavo, 90

  Portillo, Alfonso (President), 187, 188, 195, 259–60, 266, 288, 304, 311–14, 316, 318–19, 326, 327, 381

  Posadas, Cardinal, 61

  Pozuelos, Rudy (Colonel), 94, 173, 225, 229, 230, 238, 245, 246, 250, 258, 269, 316, 317, 335, 382, 385

  Quesén, 218, 307–8

  Quezada Toruño, Rodolfo (Archbishop), 20, 84, 261, 378

  Quiróz, Gabriel, 75, 76, 83, 84, 120–21, 149, 205

  Ramazzini, Álvaro (Bishop), 46

  Reagan, Ronald, 85, 147

  Reverte Coma, José Manuel, 98, 99, 122, 128–38, 178–79, 208, 265, 267

  Reyes Palencia, Fernando (Colonel), 306, 346

  Rico, Maite, 265–68, 287, 288, 292, 294, 315, 326, 336, 343, 382–4

  Ríos Montt, Efraín (General), 20, 21, 85–86, 117, 140, 187, 188, 189, 260, 320, 381

  Ríos Montt, Mario (Bishop), 111, 117–18, 120, 132, 135, 155, 198, 249, 250

  Rivera, Héctor, 81, 353

  Rivera, Victor, 388

  Rivera, Marco Tulio, 81, 353

  Rodas, Arturo (El Califa), 72, 73, 170, 179

  Rodenas, Nery, 51–52, 54, 56, 58, 94, 97, 99, 122, 174, 186, 189, 196, 197, 205, 207, 208, 245, 254, 256, 266, 314, 356

  Romero, Axel, 45, 48, 56, 325

  Romero, Oscar (Archbishop), 13, 162, 380

  Rosales, Victor, 387

  Rossell y Arrellano, Mariano (Archbishop), 11, 103, 106, 110

  Ruano, Ronald Manfredo, 204

  Salvadó, Rodrigo (El Shakira), 73, 74, 83, 95, 149, 169, 170, 179–81, 183, 184, 205, 223, 227, 258, 292, 294–95, 312–13, 322–23, 350–52, 354, 356, 382

  Sanabria, Juana, 36, 45, 205, 248

  Sánchez, Anibál, 187, 190

  Sandoval, Mario, 162, 388

  Sandoval Richardson, Beverly, 271, 384

  Santisteban Zárate, Carlos, 349

  Sas Rompich, Haroldo, 52, 84, 94, 150, 186, 210

  Schlesinger, Stephen, 14, 377

  Simon, Jean-Marie, 17, 145, 146, 377, 380

  Solís Oliva, Juan Carlos, 156–57, 160, 161, 163

  Somoza, Anastasio “Tacho” (the elder), 130

  Sontay, Rosa, 289–92, 384

  Soria, Gustavo, 50, 52, 60, 77, 97, 101, 135, 235, 296

  Sperber, Norman, 129, 133–34, 137

  Sperisen, Erwin, 348, 387

  Spiegler, Otto, 310

  Starr, Kenneth, 129

  Stein, Eduardo, 120, 318

  Stephens, John Lloyd, 66

  Stevens, Wallace, 3

  Toj, Demetrio, 18

  Toledo, José, 109, 126, 127, 197, 250–51

  Trujillo, Julio, 57

  Truman, Harry S., 14

  Turcios, Luis, 15

  Tuyuc, Rosalina, 181

  Urízar, Erick, 153, 238, 382

  Valencia Osorio, Juan (Colonel), 280, 281, 284

  Vargas Llosa, Mario, 267, 268, 288, 301

  Vela Arrango, Francisco, 292

  Vielman, Carlos, 77–79, 90, 91, 95, 101, 138

  Vielmann, Carlos (Interior Minister), 387–8

  Villagrán Alfaro, Andrés (Artillery Major), 173, 174, 231, 245, 250, 258, 335, 382

  Villanueva, Faustino, 17

  Villanueva, Obdulio (Sergeant Major), 53, 54, 150, 186, 194, 195, 198, 201, 205, 207, 210, 211, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 225, 230, 232, 234, 243, 249, 255, 267, 268, 272, 281, 284, 285, 287–88, 294–96, 298, 307, 308, 328, 330, 331, 349, 354, 386

  Vilma, 60, 68, 81

  Yang, Howard, 173, 225, 271

  Yon Sosa, Marco Antonio, 15
<
br />   Zamora, José Rubén, 143, 348, 375

  Zeissig, Leopoldo, 171, 187, 189–97, 204, 206, 207, 213, 214, 216, 217, 222, 235, 242, 243, 249, 252–54, 258, 260, 268–79, 288, 304, 321, 325, 329, 331, 349–50, 354, 356, 357, 375, 383