185. Ibid., document 404, National Intelligence Estimate, Washington, April 13, 1967; NIE 30–67, “The Arab-Israeli Dispute: Current Phase.”
186. Harriet Dashiell Schwar, ed., Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, vol. 19, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004), “Summary.”
187. Hathaway and Smith, Richard Helms, 144.
188. Author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 16, 2015.
189. Hadden, Conversations with a Masked Man, 110–11.
190. Meir Amit, Rosh be-rosh: Mabat ishi al eru’im gedolim u-farashiyot alumot [Or Yehudah, Israel]: Hed Artsi, 1999, 239–41.
191. Tom Segev, 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year that Transformed the Middle East (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2007), 332.
192. Author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 16, 2015.
193. Hathaway and Smith, Richard Helms, 141.
194. Schwar, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 19, “Summary.”
195. The oft-told story that the CIA predicted the war would last seven days, not six, is more an office legend than documented fact, according to Agency historian David Robarge. The Agency’s reports predicted a quick Israeli victory but never gave a specific time estimate for how long it would take. See Hathaway and Smith, Richard Helms, 142.
196. Author’s interview with Tom Hughes.
197. Transcript of the examination of Comdr. William L. McGonagle, National Security File, Country File, Middle East, folder labeled “Middle East Crisis,” vol. 7, cables, 6/21/67–7/10/67 [3 of 3], document 176, page 32, Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library. Hereafter, McGonagle testimony.
198. “Narrative Based the Report of Court of Inquiry on the Armed Attack on the USS LIBERTY,” National Security File, Country File, Middle East, folder labeled “Middle East Crisis,” vol. 7, cables, 6/21/67–7/10/67 [3 of 3], document 175, page 5, Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library. Hereafter, Liberty narrative.
199. McGonagle testimony, 35.
200. Ibid., 38.
201. Liberty narrative, 11.
202. Schwar, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 19, “Summary.”
203. Ibid.
204. Ibid., document 284, page 470.
205. Ibid.
206. Moorer’s statement is found on ussliberty.org, a Web site run by Jerry Ennis, a survivor of the attack. See http://www.ussliberty.org/moorer3.htm.
207. Matthew M. Aid, ed., U.S. Intelligence on the Middle East, 1945–2009, citing “CIA, Briefing, Draft Briefing by Director of Central Intelligence Helms for President’ s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board,” June 14, 1967; available at Brill Online Sources, http://primarysources.brillonline.com/browse/us-intelligence-on-the-middle-east.
208. Harrison Salisbury, Without Fear or Favor: An Uncompromising Look at the New York Times (New York: Times Books, 1980), 514–17.
209. Otto Kerner, The Kerner Report: The 1968 Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (New York: Pantheon, 1988), 113. A major riot was defined as an incident that lasted for more than two days; generated deaths, injuries, or looting; and required the summoning of the National Guard or federal forces.
210. Newsweek, July 29, 1967, 22.
211. MFF, Helms testimony, Rockefeller Commission, April 28, 1975, 243–44.
212. Memorandum to Chief, CI Staff, “Overseas Coverage of Subversive Student and Related Activities,” August 15, 1967, American Civil Liberties Union Records, box 4108, folder labeled “Duplicate Records,” Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University.
213. E-mail from Josiah Ober, professor at Princeton and nephew of Richard Ober, to the author, December 7, 2015.
214. Church Committee Report, Book 3, 690.
215. ACLU Records, Memorandum for Chief, CIA Staff, August 15, 1967, box 4108.
216. Church Committee Report, Book 2: Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976), report No. 94-755, p. 6. Hereafter, Church Committee Report, Book 2.
217. Church Committee Report, Book 3, 716.
218. Andrew, Defend the Realm, 513.
219. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 207.
220. Ashley, CIA Spymaster, 282. Nosenko told Ashley that he was given hallucinogenic drugs, “probably LSD,” on many occasions.
221. Frontline, “The Spy Hunter,” produced by Jenny Clayton, aired May 14, 1991.
222. Ibid. Gittinger denied that he had dosed Nosenko but did not deny it had happened.
223. Ashley, CIA Spymaster, 284–85.
224. Undated memo written by Leonard McCoy, found in the JFK Records Collection by Malcolm Blunt. The copy Blunt gave the author did not include an RIF sheet or the first page of the memo.
225. Richards J. Heuer, Jr., “Nosenko: Five Paths to Judgment,” in Inside CIA’s Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agency’s Internal Journal, 1955–1992, ed. H. Bradford Westerfield (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), 383.
226. H. Bradford Westerfield, ed. Inside CIA’s Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agency’s Internal Journal, 1955–1992, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), 383.
227. Wise, Molehunt, 192–97.
228. Author’s interview with Steven Murphy, February 24, 2016.
229. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 196–201.
230. Wise, Mole Hunt, 176 (Gmirkin); Mangold, Cold Warrior, 295 (Bennett), 226 (Loginov).
231. Memorandum to director of Central Intelligence from J. Kenneth McDonald, Chief CIA History Staff, February 10, 1992, NARA JFK CIA, Russ Holmes Work File, RIF 104-10428-10104.
232. Jefferson Morley, Our Man in Mexico: Winston Scott and the Secret History of the CIA (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2008), 244.
233. Scott’s comments are from a JFK assassination chronology compiled by his assistant Anne Goodpasture in 1968. See “Mexico City Chronology,” 116, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104-10014-10046.
234. Peter Wright said that “all important communications with British intelligence went through him [Angleton] personally.” See Wright, Spycatcher, 386. Angleton also had sympathetic British sources, including Wright, Arthur Martin, and Stephen de Mowbray.
235. Letter from “Thomas W. Lund” to “Willard,” June 14, 1967, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104-10247-1049.
236. “Mexico City Station History, Excerpts,” 35, 355, JFK Assassination Records Collection, Russ Holmes Work File, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104-10414-10124.
237. Morley, Our Man in Mexico, 114.
238. Memo from F. W. M. Janney to the record, “Garrison Group Meeting No. 1,” September 20, 1967, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104-10428-10023.
239. NSA/GWU, “The NUMEC Affair,” Memorandum from SAC, WFO, to Director, FBI, Subject: [Redacted] Atomic Energy Act, September 11, 1968, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/dc.html?doc=3149962-10-Memorandum-from-SAC-WFO-to-Director-FBI.
240. “Israel Spy Visited A-Plant Where Uranium Vanished,” Los Angeles Times, June 16, 1986. When Peter Stockton, a congressional investigator, later asked Eitan if he had ever visited NUMEC, Eitan said no. When Stockton informed him the Atomic Energy Commission had a document related to the visit that he had signed, Eitan said, ‘Well, OK, I was there … but I was getting batteries for listening devices.’” See “What Lies Beneath,” by Scott C. Johnson, Foreign Policy, March 2015; available at http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/23/what-lies-beneath-numec-apollo-zalman-shapiro/.
241. Panorama, BBC, June 26, 1978.
242. “Scientist Developed Nuclear Fuel for USS Nautilus,” Pittsburgh Tribune, July 18, 2016; available at http://triblive.com/obituaries/newsstories/10809808-74/shapiro-nuclear-fuel.
243. E-mail from Mark Lowenthal to the author, A
pril 22, 2016.
244. Author’s interview with Avner Cohen, August 4, 2015.
245. Wise, Molehunt, 233.
246. Author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 16, 2015.
247. Knightley, Master Spy, 270.
248. Nobile and Rosenbaum, “Mysterious Murder,” n.p. The authors cite an anonymous source for Bradlee’s reply. See also Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors, 215.
249. Philby, My Silent War, 99.
250. Christopher Felix, “A Second Third Man,” New York Times Book Review, May 26, 1968, 8. McCargar’s article appeared under his nom de plume.
251. Angleton expressed this thought to Paul Wallach, an investigator for the Church Committee, who recorded it in a memo dated October 28, 1975. The memo can be found in a collection of documents entitled “Oswald in New Orleans,” September 19, 1976, NARA JFK SSCIA RIF 157-10014-10120.
252. Holzman, James Jesus Angleton, 262.
253. Wright, Spycatcher, 386.
254. Wise, Mole Hunt, 129 (Karlow), 203 (Garber), 225 (Murphy), 264 (Kovich).
255. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 239.
256. Wright, Spycatcher, 388.
257. Ibid., 389.
PART IV: LEGEND
1. Talbot, Devil’s Chessboard, 616–17.
2. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard Nixon, 1969 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999).
3. Jim Dwyer, “An Infamous Explosion and the Smoldering Memory of Radicalism,” New York Times, November 14, 2007; available at http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/nyregion/14about.html.
4. Bryan Burrough, “Meet the Weather Underground’s Bomb Guru,” Vanity Fair, March 29, 2015; available at http://bit.ly/29lCLMi.
5. Memorandum to Ron Ziegler from J. Bruce Whelihan, “Domestic Violence/Conduct of Foreign Policy,” February 11, 1974, in J. Bruce Whelihan file, “Domestic Violence Chronology,” box 1. See White House Staff Files, Staff Member and Office Files, Richard Nixon Presidential Library.
6. Hearings Before the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities of the United States Senate, 94th Cong., 1st Sess., vol. 2, Huston Plan, September 1975, Angleton testimony, 85. Hereafter, Husten Plan.
7. Holzman, James Jesus Angleton, 264.
8. Powers, Man Who Kept the Secrets, 318.
9. William C. Sullivan, The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover’s FBI (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978), 208.
10. “Internal Security and Domestic Intelligence Presidential Talking Paper,” Nixon Library, White House Subject Files, Confidential Files, box 41, folder ND6, Intelligence 69–70.
11. Huston Plan, Angleton testimony, 57.
12. Powers, Man Who Kept the Secrets, 319.
13. John Prados, The Family Jewels: The CIA, Secrecy, and Presidential Power (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014), Kindle location 1108, citing LINGUAL production for 1972.
14. William Shakespeare, Othello, (New York: Penguin Books, 1978) act I, scene 1, lines 63–64.
15. Information on the lunch and subsequent comments are from the author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 16, 2015.
16. Peter Haldeman, “Outside Time and Place: Classic Forms Rise Up in a Once-Arid Corner of Northern Mexico,” Architectural Digest, April 2007.
17. Angleton wrote this in a private letter to Efraim Halevy.
18. Cord Meyers Papers, box 1, folder “Angleton James”; Ted Jessup interview, August 8, 2015; Confidential interview, March 1, 2017.
19. MFF, Memorandum for Federal Bureau of Investigation, Attention Mr. S. J. Papich, Subject: “Garrison and the Kennedy Assassination,” January 14, 1969.
20. Philip Shenon, A Cruel and Shocking Act: The Secret History of the Kennedy Assassination (New York: Henry Holt, 2013), 528.
21. Ibid., 529.
22. MFF, Angleton House Select Committee on Assassinations testimony, 129.
23. To Director, “Cable re Death Benefits for Mrs. Curtis,” April 29, 1971, NARA JFK CIA RIF 104 10129-10097.
24. Author’s interview with Michael Scott, August 8, 2015.
25. MFF, Angleton House Select Committee on Assassinations testimony, 129.
26. David Atlee Phillips, The Night Watch (New York: Atheneum, 1977), 239.
27. ARRB collection, National Archives. Horton wrote this in a memo to the CIA in 1992, and it was obtained by the Assassination Records Review Board.
28. “Cable re Death Benefits for Mrs. Curtis.”
29. Winston Scott, “It Came to Little,” unpublished manuscript, Michael Scott Collection, 187.
30. Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 371.
31. Jim Hougan, Secret Agenda: Watergate, Deep Throat, and the CIA (New York: Random House, 1984), 262–63.
32. Hunt spoke about Angleton in a video interview with his son St. John Hunt and Eric Hamburg. Hamburg shared a transcript with the author.
33. “Working Draft—CIA Watergate History,” 149–50. This document, written by the CIA general counsel, was obtained by litigation of the conservative watchdog group Judicial Watch in September 2016.
34. Author’s interview with Dennis Helms, May 16, 2016.
35. The correspondence is dissected in Lucy Komisar, “The Art of Flattery: Letters from a CIA Director to a President,” Washington Monthly, April 1996, 22–25.
36. “The Smoking Gun Tape,” June 23, 1972, http://watergate.info/1972/06/23/the-smoking-gun-tape.html.
37. Helms, Look Over My Shoulder, Kindle Location 316.
38. Hathaway and Smith, Richard Helms, 191. Haldeman said he got “the whole Bay of Pigs” idea from Daniel Schorr, who thought Nixon was referring to the CIA’s plots to kill Castro and the assassination of Kennedy.
39. Prados, Family Jewels, 50–51.
40. Stanley Kutler, The Wars of Watergate (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 202.
41. Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 375.
42. Harold P. Ford, William E. Colby as Director of Central Intelligence (Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1993), 82.
43. Holzman, James Jesus Angleton, 282.
44. Carl Colby, Bill Colby’s son, talked about his grandfather’s defense of the murdered soldier in Hoffman and Ostermann, Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions, 13.
45. William Colby and Peter Forbath, Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978), 29.
46. Author’s interview with Ted Jessup, August 8, 2015.
47. Colby and Forbath, Honorable Men, 364.
48. Prados, Family Jewels, 284–89.
49. Weiner, Legacy of Ashes, 378.
50. Ford, William E. Colby as Director of Central Intelligence, 1973–1976, 10.
51. Epstein, Deception, 100–101.
52. Author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 16, 2015; manuscript, entitled “James Angleton,” October 27, 1997, Richard M. Helms Papers, box 1, folder 25, Georgetown University.
53. Powers, Man Who Kept the Secrets, 362.
54. Letter from Carter Woodbury to David Robarge, John Hadden, Jr., Collection.
55. Edward Jay Epstein, “The Spy War,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, September 28, 1980, 11.
56. Ford, William E. Colby 83–87.
57. Ibid., 100.
58. Colby and Forbath, Honorable Men, 365.
59. Ford, William E. Colby, 91.
60. Author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 16, 2015.
61. Ford, William E. Colby, 25.
62. Ibid., 26.
63. David Leigh, The Wilson Plot: How the Spycatchers and Their American Allies Tried to Overthrow the British Governme
nt (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), 215–16.
64. Washington Post, May 1, 1974.
65. John M. Goshko, “Willy Brandt Resigns Over Spy Scandal,” Washington Post, May 7, 1974.
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