66. Angleton and Murphy, American Cause, 3. Murphy and Angleton were close friends and coauthored this collection of essays. Their views on détente were very similar.
67. Ibid., 11.
68. Cram, “Of Moles and Mole Hunters,” 8.
69. “Clare Edward Petty, Cold Warrior and Spycatching CIA Officer, Dies at 90,” Washington Post, April 15, 2011; available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/clare-edward-petty-cold-warrior-and-spycatching-cia-officer-dies-at-90/2011/04/13/AFGpYziD_story.html. The CIA has never declassified Petty’s report, which was reputedly mammoth and detailed.
70. Washington Post, August 6, 1974.
71. William Greider, “Amidst Mussed Hair and Trivia, a Smoking Gun,” Washington Post, August 7, 1974.
72. See http://watergate.info/chronology/1974-chronology.
73. Oliver Burkeman, “Scoop,” Guardian, October 8, 2004; available at http://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/oct/09/pulitzerprize.awardsandprizes.
74. Ford, William E. Colby, 97.
75. Seymour M. Hersh, “Huge CIA Operation Reported in U.S. Against Antiwar Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years,” New York Times, December 22, 1974.
76. To William Colby from Richard Helms, December 22, 1974, Richard M. Helms Papers, box 17, folder labeled “Seymour Hersh,” Georgetown University.
77. Colby and Forbath, Honorable Men, 377.
78. Randall B. Woods, Shadow Warrior: William Egan Colby and the CIA (New York: Basic Books, 2013), 330.
79. Riebling, Wedge, 323.
80. “The CIA’s ‘Illegal Domestic Spying,’” Washington Post, January 5, 1975.
81. Testimony of Deputy Chief of CI Staff, undated, American Civil Liberties Union Records, box 4108, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University.
82. Memorandum for Inspector General, “Audit of Chaos Program,” August 22, 1975, American Civil Liberties Union Records, box 4108, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University.
83. If anything, the Times story underestimated the extent of the Agency’s domestic spy operations. While Hersh mentioned that the CIA had opened the mail of Americans opposed to the Vietnam War, the article portrayed the epistolary surveillance as merely one part of the program to spy on the antiwar movement. Unbeknownst to Hersh, the LINGUAL mail-opening operation was separate from CHAOS, much larger and much older.
84. Author’s interview with David Martin, June 23, 2015.
85. Daniel Schorr, Clearing the Air (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977), 135.
86. Ibid., 134–37.
87. NBC, CBS, and ABC news broadcasts, December 24, 1974, Vanderbilt Television News Archive.
88. Phillips, Night Watch, 265.
89. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 323–24.
90. “George T. Kalaris, 73, Official Who Changed CIA’s Direction,” New York Times, September 14, 1995; available at http://nyti.ms/2dkI6q7.
91. Wise, Molehunt, 41.
92. Prados, Family Jewels, 23.
93. Ibid., 26.
94. Ibid., 28.
95. Cheney’s memo is in the Richard B. Cheney Files, box 5, folder labeled “Intelligence—Colby Report,” Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
96. Prados, Family Jewels, 34.
97. Powers, Man Who Kept the Secrets, 374.
98. Letter from Tom Karamessines to Cord Meyer, January 6, 1975, Cord Meyer Papers, box 2, folder 5, Library of Congress.
99. Letter from Efraim Halevy to James Angleton, January 5, 1975.
100. Letter from Reed Whittemore to Cord Meyer, January 13, 1975, Cord Meyer Papers, box 2, folder 5, Library of Congress.
101. Kathryn S. Olmsted, Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations on the CIA and FBI (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 49–50.
102. Angleton and Murphy, American Cause, 7.
103. Bill Miller, Oral History, First Interview, May 5, 2014, 12, Senate Historical Office.
104. Ibid., 13.
105. Bill Miller, Oral History, Third Interview, 6–7, Senate Historical Office, unpublished.
106. Letter from James Angleton to Cord Meyer, January 26, 1975, Cord Meyer Papers, box 2, folder 5, Library of Congress.
107. Olmsted, Challenging the Secret Government, 59.
108. Angleton had taken notes in October 1961 when Peter Wright explained to Bill Harvey the virtues of using poison gas. When Harvey turned to Johnny Rosselli to carry out the hit in June 1963, Angleton protected both of them from the FBI’s surveillance teams. He had explored the possibility of hypnotizing an assassin in July 1963. And in 1965, Angleton buried Harold Swenson’s memo, warning that the AMLASH operation to assassinate Castro was known to its target before November 22.
109. Prados, Family Jewels, 33.
110. Olmsted, Challenging the Secret Government, 61.
111. Author’s interview with David Martin, June 23, 2015.
112. Washington Post, March 6, 1975.
113. Warren Commission report, 3.
114. Shenon, Cruel and Shocking Act, 578–79.
115. David Talbot, Brothers, The Hidden History of the Kennedy Years (New York: Free Press, 2007), 275.
116. Powers, Man Who Kept the Secrets, 367.
117. Schorr, Clearing the Air, 147.
118. Smith W. Thomas, Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency (New York: Infobase Publishing, 2003), 15.
119. Letter from James Angleton to Cord Meyer, April 28, 1975, Cord Meyer Papers, box 2, folder 5, Library of Congress.
120. “Report by James J. Angleton,” 30, box 7, folder labeled “Intelligence—Report by James J. Angleton,” Richard B. Cheney Files, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
121. Huston Plan, 51.
122. Ibid., 52–53.
123. Ibid., 59–75.
124. Quotes from all three September 24, 1975, broadcasts come from footage provided by Vanderbilt Television News Archive.
125. Epstein, Deception, 100–101.
126. Burleigh, Very Private Woman, 298–99.
127. Author’s interview with Edward Epstein, June 12, 2015.
128. Ashley, CIA Spymaster, 288.
129. “Trailblazer Awards,” James McCargar Papers, box 20, folder 23, Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University.
130. Benjamin B. Fischer, “Double Troubles: The CIA and Double Agents During the Cold War,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 29, no. 1 (2016): 49.
131. Hood, Nolan, and Halpern, Myths Surrounding James Angleton.
132. In 1967, Deputy Director Rufus Taylor warned Dick Helms that the situation in the Soviet Russia Division was unhealthy, that fears of Soviet penetration had disrupted the division’s effectiveness. An inspector general’s report in 1968 reached the same conclusion, attributing the poor performance to a preoccupation with Nosenko. David Robarge, in-house historian, concluded that anti-Soviet operations were most adversely affected between 1964 and 1969.
133. Serra, March 20 1971.
134. Wells Stabler, deputy chief of mission at the U.S. embassy in Rome, saw the system firsthand. The cash was divided by “the Ambassador, myself and the station chief,” he said in an oral history. “Some was given to the parties, some to individuals.” He didn’t name the beneficiaries. See “Italy Country Reader,” entry for Wells Stabler, 244, Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, Arlington, Virginia; available at http://adst.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Italy.pdf.
135. The story is told in Leigh, Wilson Plot. In Spycatcher, Peter Wright downplayed his own role in the plot but acknowledged a Tory counterintelligence clique did seek to confront Wilso
n about his Eastern Bloc friends.
136. Leigh, Wilson Plot, 22.
137. “Report of the Department of Justice Concerning Its Investigation and Prosecutorial Decisions with Respect to Central Intelligence Agency Mail-Opening Activities in the United States, 3, ACLU Records, Princeton University.
138. Transcript of “Near Armageddon: The Spread of Nuclear Weapons in the Middle East,” 14, ABC News Closeup, broadcast April 28, 1981. See also “Only CIA Believed Uranium Diverted,” Washington Post, February 26, 1978.
139. Author’s interview with Roger Mattson, December 10, 2015.
140. One of them was investigator Peter Stockton, who said Hadden had showed him “a binder of stuff” when they met at a CIA safe house. “He would pull out a 25 foot makeshift scroll of paper that contained the case against NUMEC,” Stockton told a reporter. “This was before computers, and the thing was long and pasted together and that was his evidence. We’d sit there in the safe house and he’d read me portions.” See Scott Johnson, “What Lies Beneath,” Foreign Policy, March 23, 2015.
141. When the NUMEC investigation petered out in the late 1970s, Hadden let the matter drop. He was intelligence officer, not a crusader. He had done what he could as a CIA officer and a citizen. He filed his findings about NUMEC among his personal papers, where his son found them after his death in 2013.
142. MFF, Angleton Church Committee testimony, June 19, 1975, 51.
143. One of his successors as counterintelligence chief, Hugh Tovar, was asked how paperwork related to the JFK assassination was prepared and stored. He testified that Angleton had not passed on any files or reports on Nosenko, the KGB, and Oswald. “I have seen nothing either original or approved or signed by him.” See “Deposition of Bernard Hugh Tovar,” House Select Committee on Assassinations Security Classified Testimony, June 29, 1978, 38–39, NARA JFK HSCA RIF 180-10110-10014.
144. MFF, Angleton Church Committee testimony, June 19, 1975, 103.
145. MFF, Angleton House Select Committee on Assassinations testimony, 89.
146. Swenson called attention to his memo when the Congress reopened the JFK investigation in 1978, and he made sure Helms got a copy. See “Affidavit, Joseph Langosch,” September 14, 1978, Richard M. Helms Papers, box 18, folder 7, Georgetown University. LANGOSCH was Swenson’s cryptonym.
147. Helms, Look Over My Shoulder, Kindle Location 5137.
148. Author’s interview with Renata Adler, July 11, 2015.
149. Loch Johnson, “James Angleton and the Church Committee,” Journal of Cold War Studies 15, no. 4 (Fall 2013); 128.
150. Trento, Secret History of the CIA, xii.
151. Author’s interview with David Ignatius, July 11, 2015.
152. This and subsequent quotes from the novel are in Norman Mailer, Harlot’s Ghost (New York: Ballantine Books, 1991), 1144.
153. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, 664.
154. Winks, Cloak and Gown, 435.
155. Anatoliy Golitsyn, New Lies for Old (New York: Dodd, Meade, 1984), 332.
156. Author’s interview with Joseph Augustyn, April 12, 2016. Augustyn headed the CIA’s program for resettling defectors in the 1990s.
157. Letter from Richard Helms to John Hadden, July 28, 1986; courtesy of John Hadden, Jr.
158. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 353.
159. Trento, Secret History of the CIA, 479.
160. James Rosen, Cheney One on One: A Candid Conversation with America’s Most Controversial Statesman (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2015), 162–63.
161. Author’s interview with Efraim Halevy, December 20, 2015.
162. Cave Brown, Treason in the Blood, 565.
163. Mangold, Cold Warrior, 354.
164. Andy Court, “Spy Chiefs Honour a CIA friend,” Jerusalem Post, December 5, 1987.
165. Ibid.
166. Author’s interview with Tom Pickering, September 21, 2015.
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Abel, Rudolf
Abramson, Harold
Adler, Renata
AEC. See Atomic Energy Commission
Allende, Salvatore
American Communist Party
Amit, Meir
AMLASH
Amory, Robert
AMSPELL
Andrew, Christopher
Angleton, Cicely
following Yogi Bhajan
in Israel
against Vietnam war
in Virginia
watching husband award
Angleton, Hugh
Angleton, James Jesus. See specific topics
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
antiwar groups
CIA spying on
in college
Soviet Union protest for
Ardeatine Caves massacre
Armstrong, Scott
Artichoke operation
ARTIFICE
Ashmead, Hugh
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
Avedon, Richard
awards ceremony
B-47 bombers
Bagley, Pete
Bailey II, Charles
Baker, Howard
Baldwin, James
Balkans
Bannerman, Robert
Baranowska, Lucia
Barmor, Yaakov
Baruch, Nir
Bay of Pigs
Beardsley, Mimi
Belin, David
Bendor, Avraham
Ben-Gurion, David
Angleton relations with
Harel falling out with
nuclear weaponry development by
Ben-Natan, Asher
Biegun, Ephraim
Bison bombers
Bissell, Richard
Black Panthers
Blee, David
Boise, Idaho
Bolshakov, Georgi
Borghese, Junio Valerio
capture of
coup of
in IVY plan
in Operation Sunrise
Borgo Ticino
Boudin, Kathy
Boyle, Andrew
Bradlee, Ben
Bradlee, Tony Meyer
Brandt, Willy
British intelligence. See also Great Britain
Angleton working with
KGB defectors working with
leaders of
training at
Brod, Mario
Broe, Bill
Brugioni, Dino
Brule River
Buckley, William F.
Bullitt, William
Burgess, Guy
burial
Cabell, Charles
Cambridge Five
Capote, Truman
Carter, Jimmy
Carter, Marshall
Cassani, Alfredo
Castro, Fidel
Angleton lies about
assassination plans for
CIA underestimating
after Cuban missile crisis
after JFK assassination
“One Thousand Fearful Words for Fidel Castro,” (Ferlinghetti)
Oswald case linked to
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Angleton in
Colby director of
Dulles in
FBI ending contact with
formation of
Golitsyn in
in Havana
Helms career in
investigation of
in Italy
mind control program of
in New Orleans
in postwar world
SIS relationship with
Special Investigations Group files 1959 to 1963 in
underestimating Castro
in Vietnam
cerebral approach
CHAOS
formation of
growth of
Cheney, Richard
strategy of
as vice president
childhood
Childs, Marquis
Christian Democrats
Church, Frank
Church Committee
on mail surveillance
in Olson case
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency
CI/PROJECT
Clark, Mark
Clarke, John Henrik
Cleaver, Eldridge
Clifford, Clark
Cline, Ray
Cohen, Avner
COINTELPRO
Colby, Bill
Angleton relationship with
as CIA director
confirmation hearings for
as executive director
with family jewels
Communists
American Party of
in Balkans
class warfare of
control system of
The Ghost Page 37