Ring of Steel

by Alexander Watson

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  UNPUBLISHED DISSERTATIONS

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  Index

  Aachen 106

  Aarschot 127

  Abschwangen 175

  Adler, Friedrich 373–4

  Adler, Viktor 66, 373

  Adriatic 246

  AEG 208, 259

  Aehrenthal, Count Alois Lexa von 22, 24–5

  Afghanistan 259

  Africa 30, 265

  Aisne, river 136

  Albania 26, 30, 42, 61, 246, 392, 393, 462

  Albert 520

  Aleksandra, Empress of Russia 27, 539

  Alexander, King of Serbia 24

  Algeciras Conference 31, 32, 33

  All-Russian Prisoners of War Committee 510

  Allenstein 162–70

  County offices 175

  Alsace-Lorraine 80, 107, 121, 123–4, 158, 261, 273, 275, 462, 464, 465, 466, 467, 518, 556, 562

  Altona 222

  Amiens 134, 516, 520–21

  second battle of (1918) 523, 527, 529, 532

  Andrian-Werburg, Baron Leopold von 7, 22, 27, 155

  annexationism 260–65, 266, 271, 272, 276, 443, 444, 446, 451, 461, 469

  anti-Catholicism 128

  anti-Semitism

  in Austria-Hungary 5, 245, 369, 370–71

  in Bohemia 204, 371, 505

  in Galicia 183–5, 189, 193, 502–4, 546–7; see also Jews, in Galicia

  in Germany 5, 369–70, 566

  Russian 183–5, 189, 193–4, 205, 206, 245

  in Vienna 204, 370–71, 505–6, 539

  Antwerp 127, 134, 259, 407, 518

  Arabic 240

  Arbeiter-Zeitung 53

  Armenia, Armenians 273–4, 560 493

  armistice(s)

  armistice agreement on Balkan Front 540

  on Eastern Front 492

  on Italian Front 535, 543

  on Western Front 534, 535, 547–9, 551, 554 555–6

  Arnauld de la Perière, Lothar von 433

  Arras 477, 520

  Artois 278

  Artstetten Castle 54

  Arz von Straussenburg, General Arthur 453, 506

  Asquith, Herbert 51

  atrocities of war

  in Belgium 127–9, 133 (Fig. 1), 159

  in East Prussia 163–4, 170–81, 206, 229, 257

  in France 133 (Fig. 1)

  in Galicia 15
2–6, 195–6, 198, 257

  in Serbia 142–7

  attrition, strategy of 277–80, 325–7

  see also Somme; Verdun

  Auguste Viktoria, Kaiserin (Empress) of Germany 87, 211, 213, 557

  Auschwitz 200–201

  Austria-Hungary

  see Habsburg Empire, Austria and Hungary

  Austria

  adolescents 366

  agriculture 342–3, 388–9

  Centrals (Zentralen) 208

  and ‘double mobilization’ 94–9, 213, 241, 255, 472, 503, 539, 545

  and ‘Dualist’ system 1, 15, 18, 22, 269, 452

  emergency legislation 60, 90–91, 333, 381

  Emperor Karl’s plan to restructure 454

  food shortages in 203–4, 206, 209, 243, 337, 342, 357

  and ‘gold-car’ rumour 77–8

  and Hindenburg Programme 381

  infant mortality in 340 (Table 7)

  inflation in 332–3

  Kaiser Karl-Wohlfahrtswerk charity 358

  metals industry 333

  Ministry of Food 472

  Ministry of Social Welfare 472

  People’s Food Office (Amt für Volksernährung) 350

  People’s Kitchens 355

  refugees 162, 198–205

  Reichsrat 15; closure of (1914) 18, 93–4, 202; and Italian offensive 538; recalled (1917) 91, 455, 469–72, 473, 474, 476, 490

  War Supervision [or Surveillance] Office 75, 91, 101–2, 145, 242, 472

  see also anti-Semitism

  Azores 437

  Baden 506

  Badeni, Count 18, 19, 22

  Baernreither, Joseph Maria 39, 64

  Baier, Ernst 126, 128, 129, 135, 136

  Bailleul 521

  Balkan League 25, 26, 27

  Balkan Wars 25–8, 35, 37, 43, 67, 273

  Baltic Sea 230, 424, 425

  Baltic states 398

  see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania

  Baltimore 425

  Baralong, HMS 235–6

  Baranovitchi 309

  Barbed Wire Disease 511

  Batocki, Adolf von 178, 349

  ‘On World Peace 1915. From an East Prussian’ 266–8

  Bauer, Lieutenant Commander Hermann 426, 434, 441

  Bauer, Colonel Max 370, 378, 380

  Bauer, Otto 78

  Bäumer, Gertrud 88, 89