The Mystery of Lewis Carroll
Page 30
22. Diary, 19 December 1857.
23. Diary, 19 May 1892.
24. Unpublished letter in possession of the Dodgson Family.
25. Dr Selwyn Goodacre, ‘The Illnesses of Lewis Carroll. Jabberwocky, Vol 1, No 8, Lewis Carroll Society, pp 15–20.
26. Diary, 13 September 1867.
27. Hugues Lebailly, ‘Charles Dodgson’s Infatuation With the Weaker and More Aesthetic Sex Re-Examined’, Dickens Studies Annual, Vol 32, 2002.
28. Diary, 26 May 1884.
29. James Paget, Clinical Lectures (Longman, London: 1875), p 285.
30. Dorothy Furniss, ’New Lewis Carroll letters’, Pearson’s Magazine, December 1930.
31. Ibid.
32. Diary, 28 August 1875.
33. Dr Hart kindly gave permission to reproduce her report; it is included in full in the Appendix.
Chapter 4
1. Langford Reed, p 92.
2. 21 July 1946, Lennon.
3. Edith Olivier, Without Knowing Mr Walkley (Faber, 1938), pp 176–9.
4. Wiliam H Dixon, Spiritual Wives (Hurst & Blackett, London: 1868).
5. 13 January 1879 and 5 April 1881, both Rosenbach.
6. contrariwise.cc/cldandfemales.html.
7. Jeffrey Stern, Lewis Carroll, Bibliophile, (White Stone Publications, Lewis Carroll Society, London: 1997) p 57.
8. 15 August 1888, Linseth.
9. Thomson, pp 229–30.
10. Ibid.
11. Quoted in Collected Letters, pp 576–80.
12. 7 January, 1884, Collection of Selwyn Goodacre.
13. 26 August 1886, Rosenbach.
14. 26 November 1893, Berol.
15. Laurence Irving, The Successors (Rupert Hart-Davis, London: 1967), p 75.
16. Langford Reed, p 77.
17. Ibid, p 71.
18. 24 November 1899, Harvard.
19. Thomson, p 232.
20. Ibid.
21. Quoted in Bowman, p 118, letter of? 31 July 1892 (Morton Cohen’s estimated date).
22. Hudson, p 317.
23. 21 September 1893, Berol.
24. Diary, 29 May 1894.
25. 13 September 1893, Collection of Herbert L Carlebach.
26. Diary, 17 October 1866.
27. Stuart Collingwood, quoted in Interviews and Recollections, p 11.
28. Diary, 6 March 1864.
29. Collingwood, p 355.
30. This is part of the reason why Ellen Terry’s family did not acknowledge her during the time she was ‘living in sin’.
31. A theme examined throughout In the Shadow of the Dreamchild: a New Understanding of Lewis Carroll by Karoline Leach (Peter Owen, London: 1999).
32. 21 August 1885, handwritten addition to circular letter, Collection of C Lovett.
33. Collingwood, p 363
34. Harcourt Amory Collection, Harvard.
35. Collingwood, p 362.
36. 27 May 1879, Rosenbach.
37. 28 May 1879, Rosenbach.
38. Hudson, pp 322–6.
39. 16 November 1896, Rosenbach.
40. 21 September 1893, Berol
41. Karoline Leach, In the Shadow of the Dreamchild – the Myth and Reality of Lewis Carroll (Peter Owen, 2008) p 156.
Chapter 5
1. Collingwood, p 360.
2. Bowman, pp 59–60.
3. Lewis Carroll, Sylvie and Bruno (Macmillan, London: 1889) p 176.
4. Private Dodgson family tape recording.
5. Virginia Woolf, ‘Introduction’, Complete Works of Lewis Carroll (Nonesuch Press, 1939).
6. Virginia Woolf, ‘Lewis Carroll’, The Moment and Other Essays (Harcourt, New York: 1948).
7. Greville MacDonald, Reminiscences of a Specialist (George Allen & Unwin, London: 1932) pp 15, 16.
8. Langford Reed, p 95
9. 15 July 1868, unpublished diaries of H P Liddon, copyright Liddon House.
10. Eleanor M. Browne, quoted in Revisiting Richmond School, privately printed, undated.
11. Interviews and Recollections, pp 191, 192, 194, 134.
12. Ibid, p 175.
13. 23 November 1881, Boston (Massachusetts) Public Library collection.
14. 14 August 1877, New York Public Library collection.
15. 15 August 1877, Berol.
16. 2 October 1877, New York Public Library collection.
17. Letter to The Times, 2 January 1932.
18. 16 February 1894, quoted in Gernsheim, p 82.
19. A M E Goldschmidt, ‘Alice in Wonderland Psychoanalysed’, in Richard Crossman, Gilbert Highet, and Derek Kahn (eds), New Oxford Outlook (Basil Blackwell, Oxford: May 1933) pp 68–72.
20. Paul Schilder, ‘Psychoanalytic Remarks on Alice in Wonderland and Lewis Carroll’, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, Vol LXXXVII (1938), pp 159–68.
21. M Grotjah, ‘About the Symbolization of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland’, American Image, Vol IV (1947) pp 32–41.
22. Interviews and Recollections, pp 109, 139, 126, 133, 105, 201
23. To Bertie Coote, 9 June [?1877], Morris L Parrish Collection, Princeton University Library.
24. John Skinner, ‘Lewis Carroll’s Adventures in Wonderland, American Image, Vol IV (1947) pp 3–31.
25. Florence Becker Lennon, Victoria Through the Looking Glass (Simon & Schuster, 1945).
26. 25 November 1962, Lennon.
27. 5 October 1893, Lindseth.
Chapter 6
1. Diary, 6 March 1856.
2. Ibid, 5 June 1856.
3. Ibid, 5 February 1857.
4. Unpublished letter, Lorina Liddell to F B Lennon, 4 May 1930, Lennon.
5. Diary, 17 May 1857.
6. 20 February 1861, Berol.
7. A and C Hargreaves, ‘Alice’s Recollections of Carrollian Days As Told to her Son’, Cornhill Magazine, July 1932.
8. Unpublished letter, Lorina Liddell to F B Lennon, 4 May 1930, Lennon.
9. Unpublished letter, Lorina Liddell to F B Lennon, 22 June 1930, Lennon.
10. Carroll corresponded on logic with Sidgwick, who was later to found the Society for Psychical Research, of which Carroll was a founder member.
11. Anon [John Howe Jenkins], Cakeless (privately printed, 1877).
12. Cohen, p 515.
13. Edward Wakeling, ‘Two Letters from Lorina to Alice’ Jabberwocky, Vol 21, No 4, Lewis Carroll Society.
14. Diary, 6 April 1865.
15. 10 June 1864, Berg.
16. Diary, 1 November 1888.
17. Letter from C L Dodgson to Mrs Liddell, 12 November 1891, present whereabouts unknown.
18. C L Dodgson, Acrostic poem ‘Around My Lonely Hearth Tonight’, 1878.
19. Vanessa St Clair, ‘A Girl Like Alice’, The Guardian, 5 June 2001.
20. C Hargreaves, ‘Alice’s Recollections’.
21. C L Dodgson, ‘Alice on the Stage’, The Theatre, 9 April 1887, pp 179–84.
22. Thomson, p 234.
23. 25 March 1885, present whereabouts unknown, previously at Christ Church, Oxford.
Chapter 7
1. Letter from C L Dodgson to Mary Brown, 28 June 1889, Berg.
2. Diary, 3 February 1857.
3. Letter from C L Dodgson to W M Wilcox, 10 September 1885, Berol.
4. 10 September 1885, Berol.
5. Diary, 21 October 1862.
6. Ibid, 31 December 1863.
7. Ibid, 14 August 1866.
8. Ibid, 14 April 1867.
9. Ibid, 9 July 1866.
10. Ibid, 23 April 1855.
11. 5 January 1867, Beinecke Library collection, Yale University.
12. 25 January 1866, Berg.
13. Harcourt Amory Collection, Harvard.
14. 26 December 1889, Linseth.
15. 28 June 1889, Berg.
16. Hudson, pp 322–6.
17. E L Shute, ‘Lewis Carroll as Artist’, Cornhill Magazine, November 1932, pp 559–62.
18. 12 May 1896, Lilly Library collection, Indiana University.
19. Jeffrey Stern, Lewis Carroll, Bibliophile.
20. Diary, 23 April 1867.
21. Ibid, 11 September 1867.
22. Revue Spirite d’Etudes Psychologique, Paris, March 1869.
23. Letter from C L Dodgson to James Langton Clarke, 4 December 1882, Texas.
24. Ibid.
25. Diary, 6 September 1891.
Chapter 8
1. Langford Reed, p 95.
2. Dodgson Family Collection.
3. 21 July 1876, Berol.
4. Published by Robert Baldwin, 1850.
5. Isa Bowman, quoted in Langford Reed, p 75.
6. Langford Reed, ‘The Droll and the Don’, The Listener, 3 February 1932, p 171.
7. 3 August 1863, Beinecke Library collection, Yale University.
8. Irene Vanbrugh, quoted in Langford Reed, p 73.
9. Diary, 24 April 1867.
10. Thomson, p 231.
11. Hudson, p 314.
12. E Shawyer, ‘More Recollections of Lewis Carroll’, The Listener 6 February 1958, p 243.
13. Grace Lawless Lee, The Story of the Bosanquets (Phillimore, 1966), p 84.
14. F Soto, ‘The Consumption of the Snark and the Decline of Nonsense’, The Carrollian, No 8, Autumn 2001, pp 9–50.
15. Letter from C L Dodgson to the Lowrie Children, 18 August 1884, quoted in ‘A Letter from Wonderland’, The Critic, Vol XXIX, 5 March 1898.
16. 24 September 1892, Berol.
Chapter 9
1. Collingwood, p 102
2. 20 February, 1861, Berol.
3. Gernsheim, p 20.
4. C Hargreaves, “Alice’s Recollections’.
5. Diary, 18 November 1863.
6. Gernsheim, pp 20–1.
7. In the Morris L Parrish collection, Princeton University Library.
8. Diary, 5 February 1857.
9. Letter from C L Dodgson to Louisa Fletcher Dodgson, 3 August 1864, Texas.
10. Douglas Nickel, Dreaming in Pictures: The Photography of Lewis Carroll (Yale University Press, New Haven and London: 2002), p 21.
11. Margaret L Woods, ‘Oxford in the Seventies,’ Fortnightly Review, No 150, 1941.
12. Letter from C L Dodgson to Mrs Henderson, 30 June 1881, Texas.
13. www.lewiscarroll-site.com/(Talk: Illustrated Paper on Dodgson’s photography). Edward Wakeling, ‘Lewis Carroll and his Photography: Mystic, awful was the process’, a talk given at various venues after the publication of Lewis Carroll, Photographer (Princeton, 2003).
14. Letter from C L Dodgson to Mrs Henderson, 17 July 1879, Texas.
15. 6 November 1893, Huntington.
16. Diary, 13 January 1881.
17. 7 June 1880, Rosenbach.
18. Diary, 5 February 1880.
19. Morton N Cohen (ed), Lewis Carroll and the Kitchins: Containing twenty-five letters not previously published and nineteen of his photographs (Lewis Carroll Society of North America: 1980), p 45.
20. Laurence Irving, The Successors (Rupert Hart-Davis, London: 1967) p 75.
21. Diary, Vol 7, p 280, Note 511.
Chapter 10
1. 29 March 1886, Berol.
2. Diary, 2 August 1865.
3. 29 December 1875, extract, Rosenbach.
4. Talk by Violet Dodgson, 21 June 1950. Surrey History Centre collection.
5. Bowman, p 37
6. Diary, 8 December 1882.
7. All letters London School of Economics archive.
8. Diary, 2 October 1882.
9. Diary, 4 August 1891.
10. Jeffrey Stern, Lewis Carroll, Bibliophile.
11. Canberra Bicycle Museum catalogue.
12. Morton N Cohen, Lewis Carroll and the House of Macmillan (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1987).
13. Private collection.
14. Harcourt Amory Collection, Harvard University, n.d. The letter has also been published in part in Collected Letters, p 81, Note 1.
15. Frederick W Lowndes, Lock Hospitals and Lock Wards in General Hospitals (Churchill, 1882) p 2.
Chapter 11
1. The Times, 27 January 1932.
2. 23 August [1854], Berol.
3. Anonymous, ‘Lewis Carroll, An Interview with his Biographer’, Westminster Budget, 9 December 1898, p 23.
4. 28 June 1889, Berg.
5. Letter from C L Dodgson to Helen Feilden, 7 June 1890, Edward Wakeling collection.
A Personal Conclusion
1. The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency, which issues British driving licenses.
Index
A
Abdy, Dora, 31
acrostics, 58–61, 196–7
Acton, William, 96
adultery, 117–18
Africa, 18
Aids to Reflection (Coleridge), 191
A.L., 111
Alderson, Helen, 101
Alice in Wonderland, 29–30, 86, 115, 118, 153–78, 232, 292
and Alice Liddell, 153, 157–8, 168–71, 174–5, 177–8, 217, 223
comic poetry in, 228–9
commercial success, 174, 177–8, 251–2, 266–7, 276, 284
composition, 153, 156–9, 217
growing and shrinking in, 90, 142
manuscript, 153, 168–9, 171, 177–8
illustrations, 169–70, 269
lack of moralism, 193, 228
LC’s attitude to Alice books, 174–6, 297
and number forty-two, 56–8
The Nursery Alice, 267, 270
and psychoanalysis, 142–3, 145
publication, 170
stage presentations, 174, 267
title, 169
trial scene, 159
All the Year Round, 205
Ammoniaphone, 78
Anderson, Gertrude, 145
Animal Futurity (Hamilton), 198
anti-vivisection, 132, 287
Appleton & Co (publishers), 170
Aristotle, 51
Arnold, Dr, 21, 32, 261
Arnold, Julia, 261
art, 83–5, 97, 245–6, 282
and morality, 258–60
Art-Journal, 84–5
Aunt Judy’s, 56
Away with Melancholy (Morton), 222
Aytoun, William Edmonstoune, 233
B
ballads, 233–4
bank account, LC’s, 7–8, 33, 97, 140, 249, 265–6, 268–88
Bannister, Diana, 145
Barber, May, 74
Barclay, Revd James, 41
Bayne, Thomas Vere, 5–6, 149
Becker Lennon, Florence, 75, 147–8, 165–8
Bell, Hilda Moberly, 150
Bennie, Mrs J N, 98, 218–19
Bible, 130, 187–8, 190–2
Acts of the Apostles, 75
Book of Proverbs, 115
Psalms, 117–18
Bickersteth, Ella, 133, 255–6
birth control, 97, 295
Blakemore, Edith (‘Dolly’), 31, 90, 134–5
Blavatsky, Madame, 88
Boasnquet, Robert, 231
Bobrick, Benson, 73
booksellers, 268, 281
Bowman, Isa, 52, 69, 71, 166, 196–7, 202, 218, 275
and LC’s financial support, 283–4
and LC’s friendships, 103–4, 106–7
Bridlington, 275
Brighton, 18, 109, 280
British Association, 270
British Institution, 169
British Library, 171
Brown, Mary, 198, 209, 294
Buckland, Dr, 87
Burch, Constance, 108
Burnett, Dr, 80
Butler, Samuel, 203
C
Cameron, Julia Margaret, 251
Carroll, Lewis (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson)
adolescence, 36–7
appearance and demeanour, 67–72
and art, 83–5
celibacy, 43, 109–10, 139, 183
character, 25–6, 62–3
child-friendships, 118–24, 127–50, 195–6, 296<
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childhood, 11–16
and Common Room duties, 276–7
his death, 81, 92, 288
‘deviant’ image, 138–49
diet, 69, 91
and drawing, 239–40, 263
and drugs, 81
‘dual personality’, 192–3
and Dymes family, 278–81
eccentricity, 86–9, 91, 96, 175
emotional life, 111–25
and epilepsy, 89–91, 298–9
and examination papers, 290–1
family responsibilities, 33–5, 109, 119, 130, 250, 272–4
and father’s death, 33, 110, 119, 176, 201, 222, 294
female friendships, 98–108, 123–5, 145, 295
financial affairs, 265–88
gait, 68–9
general health, 68, 81–2, 91
handwriting, 291
jealousy, 28–9
literary output, 224–35
lifestyle, 63–4, 281–3, 296–7
love of complexity, 44–5
love of learning, 24
and mathematics, 39–41, 43–5, 48–51, 54–5, 131, 196, 210
and medicine, 78–80, 85–6, 89–90, 96
and migraine, 91, 298–9
and moralism, 193–203, 228, 260, 295
and number forty-two, 56–8
and ordination, 43, 164, 182–8, 221, 270
papers and possessions, 140–1, 143, 147, 288
photographic scandal, 261–3
and photography, 240–63, 276
preoccupation with death, 294
and puzzles, 56–62, 87, 129, 293
relations with colleagues, 62–3, 297
relations with Liddell family, 153–69
relationship with father, 31–4
relationship with mother, 26–30
and religion, 26–7, 112, 181–210, 294–5
schooldays, 20–5, 295–6
and sexual matters, 96–7, 112, 116–17, 123–4, 196, 295–6
speech habits, 24, 68, 70, 72–8, 131, 187, 199–200, 214, 218
and storytelling, 214–20, 223, 225
as subject of gossip, 101–8, 144, 156, 161, 202
and supernatural, 203–9, 293–4
and symbolic logic, 51–4, 87
and symmetry, 67
and teaching, 45–8, 128, 184–5, 204, 272, 276
temper, 28, 63
and theatre, 220–3
travels in Europe, 25–6, 207, 283
and walking, 68, 91
WORKS:
‘Beatrice’, 118, 172–4
‘The Blank Check’, 28
‘Crundle Castle’, 28
Curiosa Mathematica Part II: Pillow Problems, 56, 196
‘A Day in the Country’, 59–61