Venetians
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Grahl, Nancy, 320
Granada, 15
Grand Canal, Venice, 22, 74, 117, 118, 124, 142, 143, 145, 165, 169, 180, 185, 264, 297, 299, 301, 308, 324
Grand Tour, 260, 312
Gray, W., 304
Graz, 284, 285
Great Council, 2, 39, 46, 68, 124, 125, 136, 242, 297, 333
Great Schism, 75, 80
Great Wall of China, 14 and n
Great Zimbabwe, 18
Greece, 73, 145, 254–5 see also names of locations in Greece
Greenland, 14–15, 33, 53
‘Greek Fire’, 103 and n
Gregory XII, Pope (Angelo Correr), 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80
Grimam, Michele, 322
Guarco, Niccolò, 57
Guardi, Francesco, 308, 313–14
Gulf of Corinth, 209
Gulf of Izmir, 175
Gutenberg, Johannes, 180
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 108, 110, 135
Halil Pasha, Grand Vizier, 107 and n
Hangzhou, 13, 276
Hanno (elephant), 182–3
Harvey, William, 187, 260, 261–2, 269
De motu cordis, 261
Hawkwood, John, 67 and n
Hebrew language, 233
Hellespont, 56 see also Dardanelles
Henry III, King of France, 27, 224, 226
Henry VIII, King of England, 185
Hibbert, Christopher, 25
Hodges, Sheila, 317
Hodgson, FC., 57n
Hofkirche, Dresden, 286
Holbein, Hans, 307
Holdsworth, Edward, 285
Holland, Bernard, 280
Holland/Netherlands, 242, 246, 272, 303, 320
Holme, Timothy, 290
Holy League, 198–9, 209–10, 211, 212, 254, 258
Holy Roman Empire, 18, 100, 103, 171, 224, 246, 254, 255
Hundred Years War, 19
Hungary, 18, 44, 47, 56, 59, 60, 68, 76, 80, 81, 100, 103, 107, 254
Ibn al-Wardi, 22
Ibrahim I the Mad, Sultan, 250 and n, 251, 253
Iceland, 15
Il Barco (palace at Asolo), 165, 166, 168
Imer company, 288, 289
Impero, Giovanni da, 94, 95
India, 15, 16, 18, 140, 174
Indian Ocean, 15, 174
Innocent IV, Pope, 37
Innocent VIII, Pope, 154
Innocent X, Pope, 251
Innocent XI, Pope, 254
Inquisition, 237, 240
Roman, 237, 263, 266, 267, 268, 269, 274, 275
Venetian, 226, 265, 266, 267, 327
intellectuals, 188–96, 260–75 see also names of individuals
Inuit, 15
Ionian islands, 138, 199, 295, 297
Isarello, Bertucci, 38–9, 42
Istnan peninsula, 34
Ivan the Terrible, 200
James I, King of England, 237, 238
James II (James the Bastard), King of Cyprus, 140–1, 142, 143, 144–5, 146, 147, 148–9
James III, infant King of Cyprus, 149, 150–1
Janissaries, 109, 110, 211, 253
Jews, 24–5, 231–40, 314
Johanna II, Queen of Naples, 126–7
Johanna of Austria, 227, 228–9, 230
John, illegitimate child of James II of Cyprus, 146, 148, 150
John Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond, 141
John V Palaeologus, Emperor, 55
John VI Cantacuzenus, Emperor, 23–4, 30, 31
John XXIII, Pope (Cardinal Cossa)
as Cardinal Cossa, 76–7, 79–80
as Pope, 79, 80
Johnson, Dr, 291
Joseph II, Emperor, 320
Juan of Austria, Don, 209, 210, 211, 212
Julian VII, Pope, 183
Julius II, Pope, 168, 171
Juven, Balthasar, 244
Kabbala, 239, 240, 323
Kaffa, 22, 23
Kafka, Franz, 329
Karamama, Emir of, 144
Karlowitz, 255
Peace of, 258, 295, 298
Karntnertortheater, Vienna, 285
Kefalonia, 209–10
Kepler, Johannes, 272, 274
Kerkoporta postern, Constantinople, 110
Kinsai, 12–14
Knights Hospitaller/Knights of St John, 47, 157, 250, 251
Knowles (or Knollys), Lady Catherine, 304, 305, 307
Konigsmarck, Count Otto Wilhelm von, 254
Kublai Khan, 7, 8, 14
Kyrenia, 141
Labrador, 15
Ladino, 233 and n
Ladislas, King of Naples, 76, 78, 80–1
Lake Garda, 73, 128, 129
Lane, Frederic C., 37, 66, 84
Larnaca, 201
Laven, Mary: Virgins of Venice, 222
Law, John, 303–7
Lazeretto islands, 214 and n
Lazzanni, Gregorio, 308
Leads, The (Il Piombi), Venice, 327–8, 329
League of Cambrai, 168, 171–3, 188, 189
Leaning Tower of Pisa, 270
Leibniz, Gottfried, 275–6
Leo X, Pope, 182–3
Leonardo da Vinci, 133, 155–6, 181, 193, 307
‘A Temple of Aprhodite’ (sketch), 156
Leopold II, Emperor, 320
Lepanto, Battle of, 209–13, 247
Lesina, 33
Levant, 9, 15, 17, 18, 25, 27, 28, 31, 45, 52, 56, 113, 114, 135, 174, 175, 213, 239
Libro d’oro (Golden Book) see Golden Book
Lido, Venice, 34, 60, 63, 66, 82, 164, 245
Limassol, 201
Links, J.G., 311, 314
Lioni, Nicolò, 40
Lipari islands, 256
Livenza, River, 82
Lodi, 91
Battle of, 331
Peace of, 131, 138
Lombardy, 31–2, 82, 86, 116, 171, 246, 277
London, 17, 51, 137, 138, 261, 303, 311, 312, 313, 320, 322
Longo, Admiral Alvise, 112
Longo, Giovanni, 100
Loredan, Admiral Giacomo, 100, 112, 113
Loredan, Jacopo, 122, 123, 124, 125
Loredan, Leonardo, Doge of Venice, 169
Loredan, Pietro, 116, 119
Loredan faction, 122, 123
Loredan family, 116 see also names of individuals
Louis, King of Hungary, 44
Louis III of Anjou, 126–7
Louis XII, King of France, 171, 172, 173, 189
Louis XIV King of France, 254, 259
Louis XV, King of France, 283, 290, 327
Louis XVI, King of France, 320–1, 330
Louis XVII, King of France, 330
Louis XVIII, King of France, 330, 331
Louis of Savoy, 141, 149, 154
Lucca, 76
Lupazzoli, Angiola, 256
Lupazzoli, Anna, 256, 258
Lupazzoli, Bartolomeo, 259
Lupazzoli, Francesco, 256–9
Isolarto dell’ Ampelago et altri luoght particola, 256–7
Lupazzoli, Maria, 258
Lupazzoli, Orieta, 256, 257
Lusignan, Guy de, 140
Lusignan dynasty, 140, 144, 168
flag, 163 and n
Luther, Martin, 188
Lyons, 263
Machiavelli, 173 and n
The Prime, I73n, 245n
Maclodio, Battle of, 89
McSwiney, Owen, 311, 313
Madonna dell’Orte, church of, Venice, 215, 217
Madrid, 309, 327
Magellan, Ferdinand, 174
Malacca Strait, 174
Malamocco, 60
Malatesta, Carlo, 81, 82, 89
Malatesta, Pandolfo, 81, 82
Malatesta, Pandolfo IV (‘Pandolfaccio’), 167–8, 171
Mali, 18
Malika Safiya mosque, Cairo, 249
Malipiero, Pasquale, Doge of Venice, 125
Malpaga, 132
Malpiero, Alvise, 324
Malta, 250, 251
Mamelukes,
140, 175, 201
Manchester Central Library, 286
Manet, Edouard: Déjeuner sur l’herbe, 178
Manfredia, 68
Manin, Lodovico, Doge of Venice, 331–2, 333
Mantua, 32, 247, 280, 283, 331
Manutius, Aldus, 181–2
Marano, fort of, 69
Marcello, Bartolomeo, 112, 113, 114
Maria Theresa, Empress, 312
Marietta of Patras, 146–7, 150
Marino, Rizzo di, 148, 149, 150, 153–4, 156, 157, 158–61
Marseilles, 44
Martin V, Pope, 80, 127
Martingale method, 325
Maruffo, Marco, 66, 68
Maurus, St, 34 and n
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 168, 171, 188
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, 202
Mazzola, Catenno, 318, 319
Mecca, 250
Medici, Antonio de’, 228
Medici, Cosimo de’, 29
Medici, Grand Duke Cosimo I de’, 227
Medici, Grand Duke Cosimo II de’
tutored by Galileo, 269
as Grand Duke, 274
Medici, Cardinal Ferdinando de’ (later Grand Duke Ferdinando I), 228, 229, 230
Medici, Grand Duke Ferdinand II de’, 269
Medici, Filippo de’, 228
Medici, Francesco de’ (later Grand Duke Francesco I), 227, 228, 229, 230
Medici, Giulio de’ see Clement VII, Pope
Medici, Lorenzo de’, 139
Mediterranean, 31, 35, 44, 52, 56, 64, 154, 174, 199, 200, 213
eastern, 9, 17, 18, 19, 26, 31, 64, 82, 98, 115, 122, 134, 135, 138, 140, 145, 146, 173, 213, 241, 248, 249, 254
Mehmet II, Sultan, 97, 98, 99, 101, 104, 106–7, 108, 109 and n, 112, 113–14, 122, 123, 135–6, 137–8, 139, 144, 177
Mehmet III, Sultan, 248, 249
Mehmet IV Sultan, 253
Mengs, Anton Raphael, 309, 310
Messianism, 239, 240
Messina, 209
Mestre, 121
Metastasio, Pietro, 315, 318, 319
Mexico, 197
Michelangelo, 133, 215, 307
Milan
Genoa signs humiliating treaty with, 32
becomes major power in northern Italy, 32
peace treaty between Genoa and Venice signed under auspices of, 44
power vacuum in, 73
Filippo Maria Visconti comes to power in, 84
at war with Venice, 84, 86–8, 89–90, 91–2, 97, 116, 119, 126, 127, 128–30
Carmagnola fights on behalf of, 84–5
Carmagnola fights against, 86–90, 91, 92, 127
Ambrosian Republic, 130–1
Francesco Sforza becomes Duke of, 131
signs Peace of Lodi, 131
under control of Spain, 243
part of Austrian Empire, 312
Bonaparte marches into, 331
brief references, 33, 37, 121, 132, 192, 193, 194, 196, 283, 330
Military Gate of San Romano, Constantinople, 101 and n, 102, 108, 110
Milky Way, 273
Milletos, 47–8
Minotto, Girolamo, 100, 103, 113
Mint, The (Zecca), Venice, 17, 28
Mississippi Scheme, 304–5
Mistachiel, Philip, 142
Mocenigo, Captain-General Lazzaro, 253
Mocenigo, Captain-General Pietro (later, Doge of Venice), 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 153
Mocenigo, Tommaso, 81, 82, 83, 84, 115, 116, 119
Mocenigo, Zuan, 264, 265, 267
Modane, 113
Modena, Leon da (Judah Aryeh mi-Modena), 233–8, 239, 240, 301
Histona de’ Riti Hebrma vita e oservanza, 237–8
Modena, Marco da, 235–6
Modena, Rachel da, 235, 236
Molo, Venice, 37, 61, 63, 67, 142, 145, 244, 301
Monacis, Lorenzo de, 32, 36
Mongol Empire, 7
Montaigne, 184
Montanelli, Indro, 288
Montesquieu, 299–300, 306
Monte Vecchto fund, 44–5
Monteverdi, Claudio, 279–80
L’ineoronazione di Poppea, 280
L’Orfeo, 279–80
Monza, 130
Moro, Christofero, Doge of Venice, 142
Morosom, Francesco, 254–5
Morosom, Michele, 69
Moses of Leon, rabbi, 240
Mount Athos, 297
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 314, 319, 320, 326
Così fan tutti, 319
Don Giovanni, 319, 320, 326
The Marriage of Figaro, 319
Murad III, Sultan, 248
Murano, 2, 17, 62, 74, 160, 323
music, 277–91, 319 see also opera; names of composers
Mussis, Gabnele de, 22–3
Mustafa Pasha, Lala, 201, 202, 203–4, 205
Naples
forces occupy Rome, 76
kingdom in disarray, 126–7
and Peace of Lodi, 131
Turks invade Otranto, 138, 139
and Cyprus, 144, 149, 150, 151, 153–4, 159
peformance of Donizetti’s Catenna Cornaro in, 170
under control of Spain, 243
and Osuna’s plot, 245
agrees to join forces against the Turks, 251
brief references, 47, 73, 79, 100, 103, 161, 198, 262, 263, 266
Napoleon Bonaparte, 321, 330–1, 332, 333
Nathan of Gaza, 239
National Gallery, London, 137
Native Americans, 15
Nauplia, 120, 254
Navarino, 251
Naxos, Duchy of, 114
Negropont, 19, 24, 104, 112, 113, 135
Netherlands see Holland/Netherlands
New World, 33, 197, 241
New York, 320
Nice, 200
Nicholas V, Pope, 131
Nicosia, 148, 201–2, 202–3
Nigro, Marco, 40
Nile delta, 15, 157
North Sea, 16, 134, 139
Norwich, John Julius, 1, 244
nuns, 219–22
Nur Banu, 248
Odoric of Pordenone, 14
Oglio, River, 89
Oliphant, Margaret, 65
Oliviero (servant), 121
opera, 169–70, 277–80, 283–4, 286, 287, 289, 319 see also names of composers and librettists
Orba prison, Venice, 95
Orban, 99, 105
Orkneys, 33
Ospedale della Pietà, Venice, 281–2, 283, 285
Osuna, Duke of, 244, 245, 246
Otranto, 33, 138, 139
Bishop of, 138
Ottoman Empire
advance into Pelopponese, 53
continued expansion through Greece and Anatolia, 73
increasing threat to Venetian empire from, 82–3
Constantinople falls to, 97–113
Venice negotiates with, 113–14
gains control of Naxos, Tenedos and Argos, 114
Venice’s policy of appeasement towards, 135
rapid advance through Dalmatia, 135
treaty with Venice, 135
interest in cultural exchange, 135–6
Gentile Bellini at court of, 136–8
death of Mehmet II and accession of Bejazit II, 138
seizure of Otranto, 138, 139
withdrawal of garrison from Otranto, 139
as threat to Cyprus, 145, 155
Venetian maritime empire under threat from expansion of, 173
Selim I the Grim becomes ruler of, 175
military campaign in Syria, and conquest of Egypt, 175
Pius II bans Christian states from trading alum with, 175
attack on Corfu and Calabria, 198
Holy League formed against, 198–9
victory at Battle of Preveza, 199
further onslaughts of, 199–200
gains control of Cyprus, 200, 201–5
defeated at Battle of Lepanto, 209–13
improv
ed relations between Venice and, 247–8
Safiye’s influence in, 248–9
incident sparks war with Venice, 249–51
conflict (1645–69), 251–4
Venice signs treaty conceding all major requests of, 254
expansion into central Europe, 254
new Holy League formed against, 254
renewed conflict, 254–5
signs Peace of Karlowitz, 255
Venetian agents in ports of, 255–6 see also Lupazzoli, Francesco
brief references, 122, 176, 241, 245
Ovid, 225
Oxford, 51, 77, 263
Pacific, 174
Pacioli, Luca, 181, 190–1
De divina proportione, 181
Summa, 190–1, 194
Padua, 32, 49, 51, 56, 59, 60, 69, 73, 77, 81, 94, 143, 150, 154, 188, 189, 214, 263, 287, 323
University, 53, 187, 188, 193, 239–40, 260, 261, 262, 264, 269, 270, 271, 272, 323
Palazzo Capello, Venice, 230
Palazzo Corner, Venice, 141n, 142, 143
Palazzo di San Giorgio, Genoa, ll
Palazzo Loredan, Venice, 297
Palazzo San Moisè, Venice, 303 and n
Palestine, 12, 15, 15–16n
Panizza, Paola, 223
Papal States, 78, 171
paper money, 18, 304, 305, 306
Paphos, 147–8
Parenzo, 34, 59
Paris, 51, 237, 263, 290, 291, 306, 320, 329
University, 77
Parthenon, Athens, 255
‘Party of the Land’, 82
‘Party of the Sea’, 82–3
Passalacqua, Elisabetta, 288
Passarowitz, 298
Pastor, Ludwig, 77
Patras, 52
Patrizi, Francesco, 267
Paul III, Pope, 198
Paul V, Pope, 243
Pavia, 193
Pax Mongolica, 8
Pellestrina, 60, 67