conservative coalition:
anticommunist crusades of, 9, 15
committees chaired by, 16–19, 77, 102, 172, 221
in Congress, 3–5, 7, 12, 13–22, 82, 122, 159–60, 165, 172, 257
and filibuster, 20, 130, 221
formation of, 14
and JFK’s agenda, 36, 38
and LBJ’s agenda, 82, 165, 221, 265, 268, 275, 281, 290, 298
and 1964 election, 8–9, 221
and 1966 midterm election, 9–10, 247–61, 265
political aims of, 13–14
southern members of, 17, 218
split in, 218
and unions, 168
Constitution, U.S., commerce clause, 50
Conyers, John J., Jr., 239
Cooley, Harold D., 144–45
Cooper, Annie Lee, 205–6
Cooper, John Sherman, 40, 113
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), 30, 42, 111, 202
Cotton, Norris, 126, 218
Council of Economic Advisers, 75, 266–67, 299
Cox, E. Eugene, 16
Creel, Robert, 157
Cronkite, Walter, 62
Cruikshank, Nelson, 188
Cuban missile crisis, 38, 103, 147
Culver, John C., 258
Curtis, Carl, 126
Curtis, Thomas B., 192
Dale, Edwin, 287, 322
Daley, Richard, 138, 222, 243–44, 250, 282, 308
deficits, see economy
Democratic National Convention (1964), 152–58
Democratic National Convention (1968), 307–8
Democratic Party:
antipoverty programs of, 135, 136–37
divisions in, 15, 39, 43, 165, 292, 304
and eighty-ninth Congress, 163–67, 168–74, 176–81, 186, 191–92, 198, 227
human values as concern of, 137
liberals in, see liberalism
national conventions: (1964), 152–58; (1968), 307–8
and 1964 election, 152–61
and 1966 midterm election, 257–61
and 1968 election, 309–13
and Vietnam, 147, 150
Democratic Study Group (DSG), 26, 87, 88, 91, 97, 159, 169, 172–73, 218, 245
Detroit, riots in, 273–75
Dillon, Douglas, 79
Dirksen, Everett M., 168, 264, 313
and civil rights, 41, 48, 100, 101, 108, 111–12, 116–26, 128
and the economy, 266, 271, 281
and housing bill, 236, 245–46
legacy of, 117
and 1966 midterm election, 254
and voting rights, 206–8, 209, 212–13, 214–15, 217, 219, 220, 245
Dixiecrats, 239, 258, 265; see also South
Dodd, Thomas J., 40, 108
Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, 232
Douglas, Paul H., 23, 25, 108, 133, 206, 212, 243–44, 250, 260
Doyle Dane Bernbach, 156
Drummond, Roscoe, 86
Eastland, James O., 18–19, 101, 105, 242
Economic Opportunity Act (EOA) (1964), 134, 135, 139–46, 156, 164, 222
economy:
and austerity, 266–70, 272, 278–83, 295, 299–300
balanced budgets, 76, 251, 253
budget cuts, 74–81, 301–2
budget deficits, 75, 226, 251, 252, 253, 265, 266–68, 279, 301
and Congress, 270–72, 278–83, 288–90, 295, 298–300, 301–2
and elections, 75
expansion of, 22, 167
and inflation, 9, 249, 251–52, 253, 259, 260, 267, 269, 270, 271–72, 279–80, 292
and international monetary system, 269, 283, 287–88, 298
Keynesian economists, 75, 270
LBJ’s vision for, 2, 167
and middle class, 22–23, 65
and 1966 midterm election, 251–54
price controls, 14, 252–53, 316
and recession, 267, 290
and taxation, 226, 265–72, 274, 278, 281–83, 288–91, 294–95, 298–300, 303
and tax cuts, 36, 38, 75–81, 167
and Vietnam War, 225, 264–65, 267, 271–72, 279
education:
and Congress, 28, 176–84, 204
desegregation of, 49, 57, 108, 119
and GI Bill of Rights, 175
government support of, 5, 38, 41, 80, 165, 174–84, 311, 321–22
Head Start, 184, 311, 320
LBJ’s vision for, 2, 165, 167
local control of, 176, 178, 183
parochial schools, 176, 177, 178–79
and poverty, 177, 183, 184
private schools, 178
pupil-centered approach to, 177, 179
school segregation, 29, 41, 176, 177, 228, 231
supplementary education centers, 178–79, 183
vocational training, 135, 183
Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
administration of, 72, 79, 186, 314
and civil rights, 29, 32
conservative pressure on, 15
election of, 19, 227
on expanded government powers, 137
popularity of, 11, 22
presidency of, 4, 252, 305
and Vietnam, 146, 147
Elections Research Center, 278
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1964), 182–84, 256, 317
Ellender, Allen J., 21, 104, 214
Ellington, Buford, 210, 295
Emlen, Alan, 237
employment:
affirmative action in, 317
child labor, 50
and civil rights bills, 42, 106, 119–20
and education, 183
equal employment opportunity, 32, 56, 57, 58, 60, 99–100, 118, 121–24
equal pay for equal work, 100
gender discrimination in, 98, 100, 129
minimum wage laws, 50, 72
and OSHA, 318
racial discrimination in, 119, 129, 231–32, 317
unemployment, 49, 94, 138, 167, 230, 267, 322
Endangered Species Preservation Act (1966), 227
Engle, Clair, 23, 126–27
environmental protection, 165, 317–18
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 32, 60, 99–100, 118, 121–24
Equal Rights Amendment, 98
Ervin, Sam, 235
Evans, Rowland, 6
Fair Employment Practices Commission, 21, 29
Farmer, James, 42, 58, 93, 111, 218
Farnum, Billie S., 258
FBI:
and civil rights, 31, 153
and communism, 31
Federal Housing Administration (FHA), 232
Federal Reserve, 252, 267, 269, 279
Ferency, Zolton “Zolty,” 255
Fifteenth Amendment, on voting rights, 202, 207
filibuster, 8, 20–21, 174
and civil rights bills, 21, 32–36, 53, 86, 101–11, 118, 120–24, 125–27, 129, 246
and conservative coalition, 20, 130, 221
and housing bill, 245–46
and labor laws, 168
Rule 22 against, 21
vote for cloture against, 21, 35, 60, 102, 109, 111, 112–15, 123–28, 217
and voting rights, 215–17
Finch, Robert, 314–15
Forand, Aime, 188
Ford, Gerald R., 40, 173, 181, 247, 280, 283, 319
Forman, James, 37, 210
Fortas, Abe, 71, 246
Fourteenth Amendment, equal protection clause, 50
Fowler, Henry H., 288, 290, 299
Freedom Riders, 30, 31, 37
Frelinghuysen, Peter, Jr., 137
Fulbright, J. William, 85, 150, 263, 291
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 279
Gallup polls, 58, 156, 225, 277, 293, 313
Garner, John Nance, 61
gender discrimination, 98–101, 129
GI Bill of Rights, 175, 231
gold, price of, 269, 286–88, 316
Goldberg, Arthur, 273
Goldwater, Barry:
and civil rights, 136, 207, 213
and cold war, 147–48
conservatism of, 137, 163, 172, 182, 191, 203, 221, 243, 249, 291
and “Daisy” ad, 157
and extremism, 136, 137, 148, 156, 157
and LBJ’s presidency, 80, 168, 172
and 1964 election, 9, 80, 124–25, 128, 132, 136, 146, 151–52, 154–61, 171–72, 203, 254, 259, 304, 305
supporters of, 126, 169–70
and Vietnam, 148–51
and War on Poverty, 139, 151, 158–59
Goodell, Charles, 180
Goodwin, Richard, 164, 214, 286, 293
Gordon, Kermit, 77, 79
Gore, Al, Sr., 80, 85, 218
government:
aid to the poor, 132–33
bureaucratic power of, 118
expansion of, 2, 12–13, 33–34, 118, 124, 136, 137, 152, 170, 201, 314–18, 319, 322–23
federal funding of programs, 49, 108, 129
limits to, 124
responsibility to citizens, 10, 64–65, 73
states’ rights vs., 50, 113, 140
taxation by, 271–72
transformation of, 322
Graham, Billy, 112
Graham, Katharine, 90
Great Depression, 22, 287
Great Society:
coining of term, 286
costs of, 181, 225, 265, 267, 271, 291
enactment of, 5, 201
endurance of, 10, 315–16, 319–24
LBJ’s hopes for, 155, 164–65, 234
and liberalism, 3–5, 165, 169, 247
myths about, 3–8
opponents of, 158–59, 222, 272, 277
and social change, 8, 164, 315–16, 322
success of, 8, 256, 314, 316
see also civil rights bills; education; health care; housing; War on Poverty
Green, Edith, 100
Gregory, Dick, 229
Griffin, Robert P., 258
Griffiths, Martha, 99
Gruening, Ernest H., 150
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 150–51, 263, 285
Halberstam, David, 147
Halleck, Charles A., 40, 48, 57, 59, 87, 96, 97, 137, 142, 173, 271
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 153
Hamilton, Lee H., 258
Hansen, John R., 248
Harlow, Bryce, 236
Harrington, Michael, The Other America, 133
Harris, Lou, polls, 114, 196, 272, 277, 313
Harris, Oren, 98
Hart, Philip A., 108, 123, 212, 245, 246, 247, 277
Hartke, Vance, 23
Hauser, Thomas, 249
Hayden, Carl, 115, 127
Head Start, 184, 311, 320
health care:
Bettercare, 193–94, 195
and Congress, 28, 167, 204
Eldercare, 192–95
and integration, 57
and JFK, 36, 37, 38, 188–90
Medicare, see Medicare
and smoking-cancer connection, 190–91
and Truman, 165–66, 185–86, 187, 200–201
health insurance:
and hospital costs, 190
for senior citizens, 36, 80, 165, 186–89, 196, 201
and socialized medicine, 4, 15, 185–86, 187, 237
Social Security Amendments, 197
universal, 201
Heller, Walter W., 75, 77, 132, 270
Hells Canyon dam, 33, 34
Herlong, A. Sydney Jr., 192
Hickenlooper, Bourke, 113, 118, 120, 126, 217, 218
Higher Education Act (1965), 184
Hill, J. Lister, 104, 106
Ho Chi Minh, 147
Hoellen, John, 242–43
Hood, James, 48
Hoover, Herbert, 300
Hoover, J. Edgar, 31, 144, 274
House of Representatives, U.S.:
Appropriations Committee, 76, 272, 289
and civil rights bill (1963), 52–60
and civil rights bill (1964), 95–101
committee ratios in, 173–74
discharge petitions in, 87–89, 91, 92
Education and Labor Committee, 140–42, 178, 277
General Education Subcommittee, 179–80
House Rule 57, 87
Judiciary Committee, 19, 39–41, 47–48, 51, 52–54, 56, 58–60, 86, 92–93, 97, 99, 218, 238, 239
legislative process of, 52–60, 172, 180
open rule in, 95
“poison pill” amendments in, 95, 99, 100
reforms in, 169, 171–74
Rules Committee, 16, 47, 53, 60, 86–89, 90, 91–92, 95, 142, 171, 172, 182, 218, 289
twenty-one-day rule in, 171–72, 181–82, 218, 265
Ways and Means Committee, 16, 74, 173, 189, 191, 193–96, 199, 201, 212, 282, 288
housing:
and backlash, 247, 248
and bank loans, 232–33
blockbusting, 233–34, 297
discrimination in, 227–28, 230–40, 242, 247, 297
and GI Bill, 231
and Great Society, 165, 234, 239, 247
Mrs. Murphy rule, 238–39
and New Deal, 231, 239
open, 242–43, 248
prices of, 237
and property rights, 41, 243
proposed legislation, 242–46, 296–97
public housing, 72
and redlining, 233
restrictive covenants, 232, 233
and Title IV, 235–40
and urban renewal, 232
and urban unrest, 240–41, 242
as wedge issue, 247
“your home is your castle,” 237, 249, 250
and zoning laws, 233
Hruska, Roman, 120
Hughes, Richard J., 273
Hugo, Victor, 126
Humphrey, Hubert H., 23–25, 175, 201, 220, 261
and civil rights bill, 103–4, 107, 108, 110–11, 113, 115, 117–24, 127
and Democratic National Conventions (1964), 153–54; (1968), 308
and the economy, 287–88
and LBJ’s withdrawal, 292–93
and 1964 election, 154, 155
and 1968 election, 300–301, 303–4, 306, 310, 311–14
as senator, 24–25, 26, 72
and Vietnam, 222
Immigration and Nationality Act (1965), 220
immigration policies, 165, 221
inflation, see economy
Inglis, Robert, 323
international monetary system, 269, 283, 287–88
Jackson, Andrew, 20
Jackson, Henry M. “Scoop,” 17–18
Jacobs, Andrew, Jr., 258
Javits, Jacob K., 42, 108, 212
Job Corps, 135, 139, 143
John Birch Society, 108, 248
Johnson, Judge Frank M., 210, 215
Johnson, Lady Bird, 62, 64
Johnson, Lyndon B.:
approval ratings of, 221, 225, 252, 277–78, 285, 291, 292
and civil rights, 32–34, 47, 49, 62, 72–73, 82–83, 85, 93–95, 97, 107, 114–20, 123, 129, 136, 158, 160
as congressman, 23, 68, 70, 88, 165
cutting deals for Medicare, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199–200
cutting deals for tax legislation, 74–81, 82, 102, 265, 270–72, 274, 278–79, 281–83, 287, 288–90, 291, 294–95, 298–300, 303
cutting deals for voting rights, 204, 206–7, 210–16, 218–19
cutting deals for War on Poverty, 143, 145
death of, 319
early years of, 65–69
and election of 1968, 292–95
grand vision of, 1–3, 131, 132, 162, 164–67, 223
and Great Society, see Great Society
health concerns of, 292
and housing, 234–35, 246
and JFK’s assassination, 1, 61–62, 78
as lame-duck president, 298–300, 303
legislative skills of, 5–6, 62–63, 77, 154, 159, 166–67, 168–69, 171–72, 221, 227, 255, 303, 315–16, 323–24
and New Deal, 62, 64–65, 67, 68–69, 72, 73–74, 82, 132, 137
and 1960 election, 36
and 1964 election (1964), 151–61, 163, 166, 168–69, 171
and 1966 midterm election, 252–53, 254–58, 261
political ambition of, 73, 80, 82, 136
political legacy of, 315–16, 319, 323
and political reality, 63, 168, 278
and poverty, see War on Poverty
as president, 1–3, 62–64, 74, 78, 130, 132
as Senate majority leader, 6, 7, 25, 62, 71–72, 101, 175, 220
speeches of, 74, 77–78, 79–80, 127–28, 184, 192, 213–14, 225, 283, 292–95, 320
State of the Union addresses, 79–80, 184, 192, 225
as teacher, 66–67, 72, 175
“the Treatment” from, 6, 7, 115, 167
as vice president, 1, 32, 49, 61, 73–74
and Vietnam, 9, 146–51, 222–23, 226, 251, 252, 263–65, 283–86, 291, 292, 310
Johnson, Rebekah, 65
Johnson, Samuel Ealy, Jr., 65–66, 73
Jones, Robert E., Jr., 143
Judgment at Nuremberg (film), 209
Justice Department, U.S.:
attorney general in, 42, 57, 60, 208
Civil Rights Division, 46, 50
and desegregation, 38, 228
and voting rights, 33–35, 207–8, 212, 318
Katz, Michael, 320
Katzenbach, Nicholas:
and civil rights, 109, 119, 120
and housing discrimination, 235
and voting rights, 204, 206, 207, 212, 214, 216
Katznelson, Ira, 3
Keating, Kenneth B., 42, 108, 160
Kennedy, Edward M. “Ted,” 215–17, 221
Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier, 38, 62
Kennedy, John F.:
administration of, 175
assassination of, 1, 4, 5, 61–62, 78, 91
blocked by Congress, 1, 4, 21–22, 38–39, 62–63, 64, 74, 82, 87, 176, 177
and civil rights, 28, 31–32, 35–52, 54, 56–60, 82, 128, 154
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