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Index
Ability grouping. See Tracking
Aborigines, [>], [>]
Achievement: in classroom, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; relationship to a society’s competitiveness, [>], [>]
Ackerman, Nathan, [>]
Adorno, Theodor, [>]
Advertising, [>]
Aggression: and competition, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; “excessive,” [>]; among groups, [>]; and moral development, [>]–[>]; as part of “human nature,” [>], [>]. See also War
Agnew, Spiro, [>], [>]
Airline industry, [>], [>]–[>], [>] n. [>], [>] n. [>]
Allee, W. C., [>]
Altruism: vs. cooperation, [>], [>]; as inadequately studied, [>]n. [>]; as inborn, [>]n. , [>], [>]n. [>]; and self-esteem, [>]n. [>]. See also Helping behavior
Ames, Carole, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Animals, competition and cooperation among, [>]–[>], [>]
Anonymous, rivals as, [>]–[>]
Anxiety and competition, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Aristotle, [>], [>]
Arms control, [>]
Aronson, Elliot, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] n. [>], [>] n. [>]
Atherosclerosis, [>]
Athletic competition. See Games, competitive; Sports
Atkinson, John, [>]
Attention, competition for, [>]
Augros, Robert, [>]
Axelrod, Robert, [>], [>]
Bandura, Albert, [>]
Banking, [>]
Barber, Benjamin, [>]
Barnett, Mark, [>], [>]n. [>]
Bateiga of East Africa, [>]
Bates, Marvin, [>]
Bateson, Gregory, [>]n[>]
Bateson, Patrick, [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Bathonga, [>], [>]
Being vs. deficit motivations, [>]
Bellah, Robert, [>], [>]
Benedict, Ruth, [>], [>]
Bennett, William J., [>], [>]
Berger, Brigitte, [>]
Berger, Peter, [>], [>]n. [>]
Berkowitz, Leonard, [>]–[>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Berlage, Gai Ingham, [>]
Bettelheim, Bruno, [>], [>]n. [>]
Biological determinism. See Human nature
Blackfoot, [>]
Blasphemy, [>]n.
Blau, Peter, [>], [>]–[>]
Bok, Sissela, [>]
Book publishing, [>]
Boslooper, Thomas, [>]
Bowling, [>]
Brede
meier, Brenda Jo, [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Breer, Paul, [>]–[>]
Bronfenbrenner, Urie, [>]
Bruns, William, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Bryan, James H., [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Bryant, Brenda, [>]–[>]
Buber, Martin, [>], [>]–[>]
Burt, Cyril, [>]
Business competition. See Economic competition
Butt, Dorcas Susan, [>]–[>], [>]n. [>]
Caillois, Roger, [>], [>]
Campbell, David N., [>], [>]
Camus, Albert, [>]
Capitalism. See Economic competition
Catharsis theory, [>]–[>]
Cheating, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Chesterton, G. K., [>]
Child-rearing styles and competition, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Child Development Project, [>], [>], [>]–[>]. See also Developmental Studies Center
Chinese, [>], [>], [>], [>]n. [>]
Chodorow, Nancy, [>]n. [>], [>]–[>]n. [>]
“Choking,” [>]
Cities, competition among, [>], [>]
Clarke, Judy, [>]
Clifford, Margaret, [>], [>]
Cohen, Elizabeth, [>]
Coleman, James S., [>]
Collective action for social change, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Color War, [>]
Combs, Arthur W., [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]n. [>]
Common enemy, [>], [>]–[>]
Commons, tragedy of the, [>]
Communication, [>]
Comparison, social: and low selfesteem, [>]–[>]; as unnecessary for identity, [>]–[>], [>]; without competition, [>]–[>], [>]n.
Competition: among animals, [>]–[>], [>]; as cause of conformity, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; as cause of either/or thinking, [>]–[>]; as cause of external locus of control, [>]; as cause of goal orientation, [>]–[>]; as cause of hostility, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; caused by hostility, [>]; caused by psychological need, [>]–[>], [>]; caused by social norms, [>], [>]–[>]; as damage control, [>]–[>]; defined, [>]–[>], [>]; difficulty of eliminating, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; distinct from conflict, [>]–[>]; distinct from success, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]; distinct from survival, [>], [>]; effect of, on children vs. adults, [>]–[>]; effect of, on relationships, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; as extrinsic motivator, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]; felt to be undesirable, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]n. , [>]–[>], [>]; intergroup vs. intragroup, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]n. ; as learned, [>]–[>]; associated with lower moral standard, [>], [>], [>]n. [>]; mixed messages regarding, [>]–[>]; moderate vs. excessive, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; moderate vs. radical criticism of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; myths of, [>], [>], [>]; with oneself, [>], [>]; in other cultures, [>]–[>]; as perpetuating inequity, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; prevalence of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]; “process” version of, [>]–[>], [>]; psychological impact of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]; as public event, [>]–[>], [>]; and quantification, [>]–[>]; as rarely examined, [>], [>]; reactions to criticisms of, [>]–[>]; rhetorical tricks of proponents of, [>]–[>]; as search for approval, [>], [>]–[>]; seen as inevitable, [>], [>]–[>]; as self-perpetuating, [>]–[>], [>]; summary of disadvantages of, [>], [>]; teaching harms of, [>]–[>], [>]; and training to accept, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]; unproductiveness of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]; in U.S., [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]. See also Structural competition; Intentional competition; Education, competition in
“Competitiveness” as buzzword, [>], [>]–[>]
Concentration, economic, [>], [>]
Conflict: cooperative vs. competitive, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; as distinct from competition, [>]–[>]
Conformity, [>]–[>], [>]
Congo pygmies, [>]
Constructivism. See Education, behaviorism vs. constructivism and
Contempt, [>]–[>]
Conversation, competition in, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]n. [>]
Cooperation: and accountability, [>]; age necessary for, [>]–[>]; vs. altruism, [>]; among animals, [>]–[>]; called “cheating,” [>]; as compatible with conflict, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; defined, [>]; effect of, on relationships, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; as integral to human life, [>]–[>], [>]; as less visible than competition, [>]; misunderstood as obedience, [>]–[>]; moving toward, [>]–[>], [>], [>]n. [>]; in other cultures, [>]–[>]; preference for, [>]–[>], [>], [>]; as productive, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; psychological impact of, [>]–[>]; structure of, changes attitudes, [>]–[>]; summary of advantages of, [>]; survival value of, [>]; as teachable, [>]–[>]; techniques in classroom, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; among young children, [>]. See also Cooperative learning
Cooperative learning: [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; and acceptance of differences, [>], [>]; and achievement, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; as alternative to tracking, [>] n. ; assignment of roles for, [>]; assignment to groups in, [>]–[>]; behaviorist vs. constructivist versions of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; choice in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; and classroom as community, [>]–[>]; and competition between groups, [>]n. ; and constructive conflict, [>], [>]; and cooperation among teachers, [>]n. ; with cooperation as topic for study, [>]; curriculum used in, [>]–[>], [>]; definition of, [>]–[>]; different models of, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; effects of, [>]–[>]; history of, [>]; individual accountability in, [>], [>]n. ; and interest in learning, [>]–[>]; intrinsic value of, [>]–[>]; misconceptions about, [>]–[>] ; motivation for engaging in, [>]–[>]; opposition to, [>]n. [>]; popularity of, [>]–[>]; prepackaged versions of, [>]; and relationships, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; resistance to, by teachers, [>]–[>]; and self esteem, [>]–[>], [>]; and social values, [>]; and teacher’s control of classroom, [>]–[>]; teaching social skills for, [>]–[>], [>]; training teachers to use, [>]–[>]; use of extrinsic motivators in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; versus altruism, [>]
Cooperative Learning magazine, [>]n.
Cooperatives, [>], [>]
Cornelius, Ruth, [>], [>]n. [>]
Creativity, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Crime, [>]n.
Critical thinking, [>]
Crutchfield, Will, [>], [>]
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, [>], [>], [>], [>]n. [>]
Cuba, [>]n. [>]
Culberton, John, [>]
Darsee, John, [>]
Darwin, Charles, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Dawes, Robyn M., [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Debate, [>], [>], [>]
Deci, Edward, [>]–[>]
Deming, W. Edwards, [>]
Depth psychology. See Psychoanalysis
Derber, Charles, [>], [>], [>] n. [>]
Desegregation, [>]–[>]
Deutsch, Morton, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>] [>] n. [>], [>]n[>], [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Developmental Studies Center, [>]. See also Child Development Project
DeVries, David, [>]
Disclosure of self, [>]
Division of labor, [>]
Dollard, John, [>]n. [>]
Doob, Leonard, [>], [>], [>]n. [>]
Driving, [>]
Drug abuse, [>]
Dunn, Robert, [>]
Economic competition, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; effect of, on quality, [>]; effect of, on safety, [>]–[>]; human costs of, [>], [>]n. [>]; as inefficient, [>]–[>]; as inequitable, [>], [>]–[>], [>]; as prototype for all competition, [>]; and women, [>], [>]
Economic growth, desirability of, [>]
Economic maldistribution in competitive societies, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Education: and achievement, [>]–[>]; behaviorism vs. constructivism and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; and boredom vs. interest in learning, [>]–[>]; choice and responsibility in, [>], [>]–[>]; and classroom as community, [>]–[>]; competition in, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]n. , [>], [>],
[>], [>]; and use of cooperative learning, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; curriculum and, [>]–[>], [>]; effects of cooperative vs. competitive approaches to, [>]–[>]; higher, [>]–[>], [>]n. ; individualism in, [>], [>]; and relationships, [>]; and self-esteem, [>]–[>]; measured by standardized tests, [>], [>], [>]; use of extrinsic motivators in, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]; values in, [>]–[>]; use of whole-class instruction in, [>]–[>], [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]. See also Grades
Edwards, Harry, [>], [>]–[>], [>]n. [>]
Eggerman, Richard W., [>]–[>]
Eisenhower, Dwight, [>]
Either/or thinking, [>]–[>]
Ellis, M. J., [>], [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Empathy, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Engels, Frederick, [>]
Envy, [>]–[>]
Ethnocentrism, [>]
Etzioni, Amitai, [>]
Existentialist thought, [>], [>], [>], [>]. [>]n. [>]
Extrinsic vs. intrinsic motivation, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Faber, Adele, [>]
Failure: vs. losing, [>]–[>]; motivation to avoid, [>]–[>], [>]; as useful, [>]–[>]
Family: competition in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Fashion, [>]
Fear of success, [>]–[>]
Festinger, Leon, [>], [>]n. [>]
Films, lion., [>]
“Flow” experience, [>], [>], [>]
Ford, Gerald, [>]n. [>]
Frank, Lawrence, [>], [>], [>]n. [>], [>]–[>]n. [>]
Frankel, Marvin E., [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Freedom, [>]n. , [>], [>]
Freud, Anna, [>]–[>], [>]
Freud, Sigmund, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]. See also Psychoanalysis
Friedenberg, Edgar Z., [>]
Friendship and competition, [>], [>]–[>]
Fromm, Erich, [>]n. , [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>], [>]n. [>]
Frustration and aggression, [>]
Games, competitive: alleged benefits of, [>]–[>]; and arguments for competition’s inevitability, [>]; vs. economic competition, [>]; predominance in U.S., [>], [>]–[>]; training to enjoy, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]. See also Sports
Games, cooperative and noncompetitive, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>