7. Hunt, Gandhi and the Nonconformists, p. 34.
8. Green, Gandhi, p. 101.
9. Hunt, Gandhi and the Nonconformists, p. 42.
10. Green, Gandhi, p. 103, citing 37:261 (first version).
11. Joseph J. Doke, M.K. Gandhi: An Indian Patriot in South Africa (London: Indian Chronicle Press, 1909), p. 45.
12. Green, Gandhi, p. 130.
13. Green, Gandhi, p. 131.
14. See Gandhi’s remarks in London in September 1931, 53: 364-5.
15. Quoted in Chandran Devanesen, The Making of the Mahatma (New Delhi: Orient Longmans, 1969), p. 316.
16. See A 177.
17. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 7: 429.
18. Quoted in C.F. Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin, 1929), 1949 edition, p. 364.
19. Green, Gandhi, p. 139.
20. As related by Gandhi to Pyarelal, in Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 2 (Bombay: Sevak, 1980), pp. 282-83.
21. Erik Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth (New York: W.W. Norton, 1969), p. 316.
Chapter 4. Satyagraha
1. Quoted in Mukul Kalarthi, Ba and Bapu (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1962), pp. 44-5.
2. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 359.
3. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 26.
4. Indian Opinion, 30 April 1904.
5. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 78.
6. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 79.
7. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 86.
8. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 432.
9. Letter of 12 May 1905 quoted in Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 361-8.
10. Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel: Harilal Gandhi (New Delhi: National Gandhi Museum, 2001), pp. 114-15.
11. The Gujarati word ‘kalo,’ translated as ‘coloured’ in the Collected Works (English), has been retranslated here as ‘black’.
12. Dube’s remark quoted from Andre Odendaal, Vukani Bantu, 1984, p. 70, in E.S. Reddy, Gandhiji: Vision of a Free South Africa (New Delhi: Sanchar, 1995), p. 21.
13. Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, p. 194.
14. Green, Gandhi, p. 160.
15. Mani, The Secret of Mahatma Gandhi, p. 58.
[pp. 119-140]
16. Letter of 31 December 1942 to Linlithgow; 83: 274-6
17. Speech in Birmingham, England, 18 Oct. 1931; Young India, 5 Nov. 1931; 54:47.
18. From the title of the book by Marjorie Sykes & Jehangir Patel, Gandhi: His Gift of the Fight (Rasulia, MP: Friends Rural Centre, 1987).
19. Jonathan Schell, The Unconquerable World: Power, Nonviolence, and the Will of the People (New York: Metropolitan, 2003), pp. 114-15.
20. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 483.
21. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 498.
22. See article by George Hendrick, quoting the American journalist Webb Miller, who cites Gandhi’s comment to him, in G. Ramachandran and T.K. Mahadevan (eds), Quest for Gandhi, (Bombay: Bhavan, 1970), p. 174
23. Ibid., pp. 175-6.
24. Pyarelal, Mahatma Gandhi, 3: 511. See also C.F. Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi At Work (London: Allen & Unwin, 1931), p. 8.
Chapter 5. Hind Swaraj
1. Letter from Gandhi to Ghanshyam Das Birla in 1935 cited in M.M. Juneja, The Mahatma and the Millionaire (Hissar: Modern, 1993), pp. 201-3.
2. Winston Churchill, My African Journey (London: The Holland Press, 1962), pp. 33-7.
3. Letter, probably written in 1907, in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 130.
4. Quoted in Nanda, In Search of Gandhi, (New Delhi: Oxford, 2002), p. 36.
5. With minor editing, this is the exact conversation as recalled by Gandhi in Satyagraha, pp. 148-50.
6. Doke’s account quoted in C.F. Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi At Work (London: Allen & Unwin, 1931), pp. 378-9.
7. Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 18.
8. Maureen Swan, Gandhi and the South African Experience (Johannesburg: Ravan, 1988), p. 171; Gandhi to Smuts, 14 August 1908, 9: 62.
9. Swan, Gandhi, p. 136.
10. 9: 256.
11. 9: 270.
12. Nelson Mandela in Nanda (ed.), Mahatma Gandhi: 125 Years (New Delhi: Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1995), p. 17.
13. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 131.
14. From undated letters, probably written in 1908, in Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 121-2.
15. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 21-2. (Also 9: 150, 175-6, 200.)
16. Undated letters in Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 123-5.
17. Undated letter, probably written in 1909, Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 139.
18. Letter of 14 May 1908 to Meghjibhai & Khushalchand Gandhi in Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, p. 103.
[pp. 140-163]
19. Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, p. 148.
20. Letter of 25 March 1909 in Uma Dhupelia Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner? (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2005), p. 80.
21. Letter of 25 March 1909; 9: 318.
22. Letters of 17 Sept. & 22 Oct. 1909 quoted in Uma Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner?, p. 81.
23. Devadas quoted in Pyarelal and Sushila Nayar, In Gandhiji’s Mirror (New Delhi: Oxford, 1991), p. 117.
24. Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, p. 153.
25. See Swan, Gandhi, pp. 163-4.
26. Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, p. 99.
27. M.K. Gandhi, From Yeravda Mandir (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1932), p. 25.
28. Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, p. 148.
29. Albert West quoted in Uma Dhupelia Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner?, p. 72.
30. Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, p. 105.
31. Indian Opinion, 30 Dec. 1905 and 17 March 1906.
32. See also Doke, M.K. Gandhi, pp. 101-2.
33. Young India, 28 March 1929. See also his speech in Bombay, 26 June 1939; 76: 66.
34. Letter of 1909 in Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 130.
35. See Gandhi’s letter of 29 Oct. to Polak, 10: 195.
36. Ali and Rajan in Chandrashanker Shukla (ed.), Reminiscences of Gandhiji (Bombay: Vora, 1951), p. 17 & pp. 259-61.
37. Preface to 1921 edition reprinted in M.K. Gandhi, Hind Swaraj (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1938), p. xxv.
38. Martin Green, Tolstoy & Gandhi (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 1998) p. 90.
39. Gandhi’s remarks of 21 Feb. 1940, 77: 357.
40. Indian Opinion, 8 Jan. 1910; 10: 107-10.
41. Anthony Parel (ed.), Hind Swaraj (Oxford: 1997), p. xv.
42. Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, p. 87.
43. Parel (ed.), Hind Swaraj, pp. xiv-v.
44. Parel (ed.), Hind Swaraj, p. 6 & p. 42.
45. Parel (ed.), Hind Swaraj, p. 6.
46. Parel (ed.), Hind Swaraj, p. 1.
47. Indian Opinion, 25 Dec. 1909; 10: 244.
48. See also Green, Gandhi, pp. 198-9, & Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin, 1929, 1949 edition), p. 197.
49. See Parel (ed.), Hind Swaraj, p. lviii.
50. Prabhudas Gandhi, Jeevan Prabhat, pp. 197-8.
51. Speech in Lahore, 1909, quoted in Karve and Ambedkar (ed.), Speeches and Writings of G.K. Gokhale (Bombay: Asia, 1966), vol. 2, p. 420.
Chapter 6. A Great March
1. See Gandhi’s (undated) letter to Harilal, clearly sent immediately after the son’s disappearance, in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 132-3.
[pp. 163-187]
2. Devadas Gandhi quoted in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 152.
3. Devadas Gandhi quoted in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 151-2.
4. Uma Dhupelia Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner?, p. 82.
5. Quoted in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 33.
6. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 128.
7. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 37.
8. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 120 & p. 125.
9. Quoted in Martin Green, Gandhi, p. 296.
10. Green, Gandhi, p. 152.
11. Green, Gandhi, p. 178.
12. Green, Gandhi, p. 153.
13. Quoted in Nirmal Kumar Bose, Lectures on Gandhism (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1971), pp. 61-2.
14. Quoted in Green, Gandhi, p. 177.
15. Indian Opinion, 2 April 1910.
16. Swan, Gandhi, pp. 230-1.
17. See also Swan, Gandhi, p. 235.
18. From Colonial Office records cited in Swan, Gandhi, p. 260.
19. See also Swan, Gandhi, p. 240.
20. Swan, Gandhi, p. 240.
21. Swan, Gandhi, p. 247.
22. Swan, Gandhi, p. 242.
23. Swan, Gandhi, p. 247.
24. Green, Gandhi, pp. 207-8.
25. Swan, Gandhi, p. 251.
26. Smuts quoted in Swan, Gandhi, p. 250.
27. See also 24: 45-6.
28. From article by E.S. Reddy, ‘First Martyrs of Satyagraha’, Mainstream, New Delhi, 14 August 1993.
29. See Swan, Gandhi, p. 254, and M.K. Gandhi, Satyagraha, p. 286.
30. Green, Gandhi, p. 185.
31. Smuts quoted in K.P. Goswami (ed.), Mahatma Gandhi: A Chronology (New Delhi: Publications Division, 1971), p. 58.
32. Quoted in Uma Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner?, pp. 107-8.
33. Letter of 20 Sept. 1932 to Srinivasa Sastri, 57: 80.
34. Goswami (ed.), Mahatma Gandhi: A Chronology, p. 58.
35. From Goswami (ed.), Mahatma Gandhi: A Chronology, p. 58.
36. Robert Huttenback, Gandhi in South Africa (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971), p. 330.
37. Pearson’s account quoted in Ravjibhai Patel, The Making of the Mahatma (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1989), pp. 216-17.
38. Quoted in Swan, Gandhi, p. 133.
39. Smuts quoted in Sushila Nayar, Mahatma Gandhi (Ahmedabad: Navajivan), vol. 4, p. 168.
40. Recalled by Gandhi in letter to Lord Chelmsford, 22 June 1920, 20: 413-16.
41. Speech in London, 8 Aug. 1914; 14: 282.
Chapter 7. Engaging India
[pp. 188-209]
1. C.L.R. Fletcher and Rudyard Kipling, A History of England (Oxford: 1911, 1930 edition), p. 241.
2. Fletcher and Kipling, A History of England, p. 243.
3. P. Mani, The Secret of Mahatma Gandhi (New Delhi: Arnold, 1989), pp. 97-8.
4. From Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin, 1929, 1949 edition), p. 5.
5. See Choudhary Khaliquzzaman, Pathway to Pakistan (Lahore: Pakistan Longman, 1961), p. 33.
6. Letter to Srinivasa Sastri, 23 Sept. 1915; 15: 46.
7. See Erik Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, p. 299.
8. Indulal Yagnik, Gandhi As I Knew Him (New Delhi: Danish Mahal, 1943), pp. 9-10.
9. Quoted in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 44-5. See also p. 152.
10. Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 153.
11. Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 47-9.
12. Uma Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner? p. 140.
13. Naidu’s foreword to a 1917 publication of Gandhi’s writings and speeches, quoted in B.R. Nanda, Gandhi: Pan-Islamism, Imperialism and Nationalism in India (New Delhi: Oxford, 2002), p. 170.
14. Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, p. 283.
15. William Shirer, Gandhi: A Memoir (Delhi: Rupa, 1993), p. 64.
16. David Hardiman, Gandhi: In His Time and Ours (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2003), p. 125.
17. Quoted in Michael Brecher, Nehru (London: Oxford University Press, 1959), p. 60.
18. Mavlankar quoted in Francis Watson, The Trial of Mr. Gandhi (London: Macmillan, 1969), pp. 71-2.
19. Quoted in D.G. Tendulkar, Gandhi in Champaran (New Delhi: Publications Division, 1994), p. 103.
20. Quoted in D.G. Tendulkar, Gandhi in Champaran, pp. 112-13.
21. Edwin S. Montagu, An Indian Diary (London: Heinemann, 1930), pp. 57-67.
22. David Hardiman, Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat (New Delhi: Oxford, 1981), p. 84.
23. Hardiman, Peasant Nationalists of Gujarat, p. 89.
24. See note dictated by Gandhi to Jagadish Munshi, August 1944, reproduced in K.M. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom (Bombay: Bhavan, 1967), p. 439.
25. Quoted in B.R. Ambedkar, Writings and Speeches, vol. 2 (Bombay: Education Department, 1982), p. 446.
26. Narhari Parikh, Sardar Vallbhbhai Patel (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1971 edition), vol. 1, p. 55.
27. Rajmohan Gandhi, Patel: A Life (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1990), pp. 46-7.
28. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 68.
29. Mahadev Desai, Day-to-day with Gandhi (Varanasi: Sarva Seva Sangh), vol. 1, pp. 92-3.
[pp. 210-232]
30. From Kripalani’s foreword in K.L. Panjabi, The Indomitable Sardar (Bombay: Bhavan, 1962), pp. viii-ix.
31. R. Gandhi, Patel, p. 60.
32. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 84.
33. Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, p. 361.
34. Quoted in Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, p. 391.
35. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 56-7 & p. 182.
36. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 108-12.
37. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 148.
38. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 183 & 237-8.
39. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 157.
40. Quoted in Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, pp. 372-4.
41. Quoted in Martin Green, Gandhi, p. 14.
42. See Rajendra Prasad, Autobiography (Bombay: Asia, 1957), p. 104.
43. Quoted in Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 56-7.
44. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 2-3.
45. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 264.
46. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 293-4.
47. Millie Polak, Mr. Gandhi: The Man (London: Allen & Unwin, 1931), p. 142.
48. Gandhi recalling the incident in Harijan, 29 Dec. 1946.
49. Remark to the Press. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 303.
50. Remark to the Press. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 303.
51. Desai, Day-to-day, 1: 298-9.
52. Quoted in G.M. Nandurkar (ed.), Sardar Patel Centenary Volumes (Ahmedabad: 1974-8), vol. 1, p. 488.
53. Secret File 271 of 1919, Tamil Nadu Archives, Chennai.
54. Desai, Day-to-day, 2: 323-6.
55. Cable of 19 Sept. 1919 to Chelmsford in Home (Pol.), B Series, National Archives, New Delhi.
56. Willingdon to Montagu, 9 June 1919, Willingdon Papers, India Office Library, London.
57. Geoffrey Ashe, Gandhi: A Study in Revolution (Bombay: Asia, 1968), p. 189.
58. Quoted in Pyarelal, In Gandhiji’s Mirror (New Delhi: Oxford, 1991), pp. 5-7.
59. Desai, Day-to-day, 2: 67.
60. Pyarelal, In Gandhiji’s Mirror, pp. 5-7.
61. Green, Gandhi, p. 143.
62. Green, Gandhi, p. 226 & p. 275.
63. Letter to Kallenbach, 10 Aug. 1920; 21: 131.
64. Green, Gandhi, p. 284.
65. Green, Gandhi, pp. 274-84.
66. Green, Gandhi, p. 279.
67. Rajagopalachari Papers.
68. Letter of 16 June 1920 from Madras, with Gopal Gandhi, Kolkata.
69. Devadas Gandhi, Ba, Bapu Aur Bhai (New Delhi: Sasta Sahitya Mandal, 1956), p. 16.
[pp. 232-258]
70. Desai, Day-to-day, 2: 217.
71. Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, p. 392.
72. Quoted in Allen Hayes Merriam, Gandhi vs. Jinnah (Calcutta: Minerva, 1980), p. 45.
73. K.M. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom (Bombay: Bhavan, 1967), pp. 16-17.
74. Pyarelal, In Gandhiji’s Mirror, pp. 5-7.
75. Quoted in Desai, Day-to-day, 2: 54-5 fn.
76. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, pp. 16-17.
Chapter 8. The Empire Challenged
1. Quoted in Afzal Iqbal, Mohamed Ali (Delhi: Idarah-i-Adabiyat, 1978), p. 199.
2. Letter to Razmia, 27 March 1920; 20: 185.
3. Viceroy quoted in 20: 338.
4. Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 62.
5. Pyarelal & Sushila Nayar, In Gandhiji’s Mirror (New Delhi: OUP, 1991), p. 13.
6. Quoted in Dhananjay Keer, Mahatma Gandhi (Bombay
: Popular Prakashan, 1973), p. 324.
7. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 115.
8. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan (Westport: Greenwood Press), pp. 83-5.
9. Judith Brown, Gandhi’s Rise to Power (Cambridge: University Press, 1992), p. 297.
10. Quoted in Tendulkar, Mahatma, vol.2 (Bombay), p. 38.
11. Quoted in S.M. Ikram, Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan (Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture), p. 160.
12. Allan and Wendy Scarfe, J.P.: His Biography (New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1975), p. 44.
13. Quoted in Afzal Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, p. 280.
14. Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, p. 267.
15. Quoted in Navajivan, 5 Dec. 1920; 22: 57.
16. Remark quoted by Gandhi in Young India, 23 Apr. & 4 May 1921; 23: 46-7.
17. See David Hardiman, Gandhi, pp. 136-55.
18. C.F. Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin, 1929, 1949 edition), pp. 276-7.
19. Quoted by V.V. Ramana Murti in G. Ramachandran and T.K. Mahadevan (eds), Quest for Gandhi, (Bombay: Bhavan, 1970), p. 287.
20. Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, p. 394.
21. Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, p. 267.
22. Ikram, Modern Muslim India, p. 160.
23. Quoted in Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, p. 294.
24. Quoted in Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, p. 256.
25. Quoted in Geoffrey Ashe, Gandhi: A Study in Revolution (Bombay: Asia, 1968), p. 218.
[pp. 259-295]
26. Hardiman, Gandhi, p. 139.
27. D.G. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 2: 89.
28. Letter in September 1921 to Reading, Willingdon Papers, India Office Library, London.
29. Krishnadas, Seven Months with Mahatma Gandhi (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1951), p. 90.
30. B.R. Nanda, Gandhi: Pan-Islamism, Imperialism, and Nationalism, p. 354.
31. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 2: 106.
32. Nanda, Gandhi, pp. 352-3.
33. Nanda, Gandhi, pp. 352-6 & p. 405.
34. Nanda, Gandhi, p. 355.
35. Quoted in R. Gandhi, Rajaji: A Life (New Delhi: Penguin, 1997), p. 67.
36. Quoted in Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 166-7.
37. Quoted in Nanda, Gandhi, p. 401, from V.C. Joshi (ed.), Writings of Lajpat Rai (Delhi, 1966), vol. 2, p. 89.
38. Remark of December 1924 quoted in Nanda, Gandhi, p. 408.
39. Quoted in Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 165.
40. See Nanda, Gandhi, pp. 403-5.
41. See Krishnadas, Seven Months, pp. 220-1, and Ramnarayan Chaudhary, Bapu As I Saw Him (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1959), pp. 24-8.
Mohandas: True Story of a Man, His People Page 91