42. Quoted in Nanda, Gandhi, p. 406.
43. Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, p. 285 & p. 394.
44. Ashe, Gandhi: A Study in Revolution, p. 230.
45. Nanda, Gandhi, p. 406.
Chapter 9. Building Anew
1. Gandhi’s preface dated 2 April 1924 in Satyagraha in South Africa (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1968 edition), p. xiii.
2. Indulal Yagnik, Gandhi As I Knew Him (New Delhi: Danish Mahal, 1943), p. 303.
3. Indian Opinion, 7 July 1922, cited in Uma Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner?, p. 167.
4. Letter of 16 April 1923 from Patel to his daughter Maniben in Nandurkar (ed.), Sardarshri Na Patro (Ahmedabad: 1975-8), vol. 3, p. 5.
5. R. Gandhi, Patel: A Life, p. 111.
6. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 2: 172.
7. Diary entry dated 17 Feb. 1924 quoted in Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, pp. 314-15.
8. See Hardiman, Gandhi, p. 175; and Jyotirmaya Sharma, Hindutva (New Delhi: Penguin, 2003) pp. 136-48.
9. Hardiman, Gandhi, p. 165.
10. Iqbal, Mohamed Ali, pp. 312-13.
11. Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin, 1929), p. xi.
12. Quoted in Virendra Prakash, Hindutva Demystified (Delhi: Virgo, 2002), p. 41.
13. Quoted in Virendra Prakash, Hindutva Demystified, p. 41.
[pp. 296-325]
14. Quoted in M.M. Juneja, The Mahatma and the Millionaire (Hissar: Modern, 1993), pp. 76-7.
15. G.D. Birla, A Talk on Bapu (Calcutta: Sangeet Kala Mandir, 1981).
16. Andrews, Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas (London: Allen & Unwin, 1929, 1949 edition), pp. 113-16.
17. Sushila Nayar in Savita Singh (ed.), Kasturba (New Delhi: Gandhi Smriti, 1994), p. 49.
18. Prabhavati Narayan quoted in http://www.gandhi-manibhavan.org/gandhicomesalive/chap06.htm
19. Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner?, p. 177.
20. Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner?, p. 185 & p. 176.
21. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 2: 405.
22. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 67.
23. Kaka Kalelkar, Gandhi Charitra Kirtan (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1970), pp. 50-57.
24. Geoffrey Moorhouse, To the Frontier (London: Phoenix, 1998), pp. 222-3.
25. Navajivan (Hindi), 4 July 1929; 46: 240-41.
26. Navajivan, 28 July 1929; 46: 318-321.
27. Narayan Desai, Bliss Was It To Be Young—With Gandhi (Bombay: Bhavan, 1988), p. 2.
28. Narayan Desai, Bliss Was It… , p. 22.
29. Mira Behn to author, Vienna, 1978.
30. Quoted in Francis Watson and Maurice Brown, Talking of Gandhiji, (Calcutta: Longmans Green, 1957), p. 47.
31. According to Raihana Tyabji as quoted in Francis Watson and Maurice Brown, Talking of Gandhiji, p. 48.
32. Letter of 23 April 1926; 35: 123.
33. Letter of 23 Jan. 1928 quoted in S. Gopal, Nehru (New Delhi: Oxford), vol.1, p. 112.
34. Desai, Day-to-day, 5: 224.
35. Quoted in R. Gandhi, Patel, p. 171.
36. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 2: 441.
37. Quoted in Khaliquzzaman, Pathway to Pakistan (Lahore: Pakistan Longman, 1961), p. 37.
38. From note of Afzal Haque, who was present, quoted in G.A. Allana, Jinnah (Lahore: Ferozsons, 1967), p. 213.
39. Bolitho, Jinnah, pp. 94-5.
40. Subhas Bose, The Indian Struggle, p. 169.
41. Brecher, Nehru, p. 137.
42. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 411.
43. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, History of the Indian National Congress (Bombay: Padma, 1947), p. 600.
Chapter 10. Assault—With Salt
1. Thomas Weber, On the Salt March (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 1997), p. 59.
2. Gandhi in Harijan, 14 May 1938; 73: 155; see also Weber, Salt March, p. 88.
[pp. 326-343]
3. Young India, 27 Feb. 1930; 48: 349-50.
4. Weber, Salt March, p. 89.
5. Weber, Salt March, p. 103.
6. Weber, Salt March, p. 85.
7. Quoted in Weber, Salt March, p. 90.
8. Narayan Desai, Bliss Was…, p. 22.
9. Quoted in Weber, Salt March, p. 101.
10. Weber, Salt March, p. 112.
11. Weber, Salt March, pp. 490-6.
12. Weber, Salt March, p. 139.
13. Weber, Salt March, p. 288.
14. Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, p. 446.
15. Weber, Salt March, p. 209.
16. Weber, Salt March, p. 165.
17. Weber, Salt March, p. 207.
18. Weber, Salt March, p. 210.
19. Weber, Salt March, pp. 272-4.
20. Letter of 7 April 1930 from Irwin to Benn, Secretary of State for India, in Weber, Salt March, p. 415.
21. Weber, Salt March, p. 333.
22. Weber, Salt March, p. 478.
23. Weber, Salt March, p. 405.
24. Weber, Salt March, p. 405.
25. Quoted in R. Gandhi, Rajaji: A Life (New Delhi: Penguin, 1997), p. 123.
26. Irwin’s letter to the Secretary of State quoted in Brecher, Nehru, p. 153.
27. Letter of 15 April in Weber, Salt March, p. 378.
28. Weber, Salt March, p. 427.
29. In October 1988, before the author.
30. Thomas Weber, after interviewing surviving marchers in 1983. See Weber, Salt March, pp. 479-80.
31. Weber, Salt March, p. 428.
32. Weber, Salt March, pp. 443-7.
33. Quoted in Weber, Salt March, p. 454.
34. Weber, Salt March, p. 407.
35. Quoted from Brailsford, Rebel India, in Weber, Salt March, p. 498.
36. Note of 13 July 1930, Home Pol. 257/V and KW 1930, quoted in Weber, Salt March, p. 408.
37. R. Gandhi, Rajaji, p. 124, quoting Alan Campbell-Johnson, Viscount Halifax, p. 268.
38. Narhari Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 35.
39. Quoted in Madhu Limaye, Prime Movers (New Delhi: Radiant, 1985), p. 34.
40. Quoted in Weber, Salt March, p. 405.
41. Letter of 28 July quoted in Weber, Salt March, p. 479.
42. See Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 31-2.
43. Kalelkar, Bapu ki Jhankian, p. 130.
[pp. 343-363]
44. See 50: 140.
45. Quoted in Tendulkar, Mahatma, 3: 60-2.
46. Martin Gilbert, Winston Churchill, vol. 5, p. 390, quoted in Hardiman, Gandhi, p. 238.
47. See 84: 147, where the ‘crushed’ remark is quoted, taken from R.K. Prabhu, This Was Bapu, p. 139.
48. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, History of the Indian National Congress, p. 786.
49. Sitaramayya, History of the Indian National Congress, p. 737.
50. Quoted by Paresh Vaidya in Frontline, Chennai, 14-27 April 2001.
51. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 3: 81-2.
52. Irwin (Halifax) in Fulness of Days, pp. 146-51.
53. Quoted in Limaye, Prime Movers, p. 34.
54. Sitaramayya, History, pp. 755-63.
55. William Shirer, Gandhi: A Memoir (New Delhi: Rupa, 1993), p. 60.
56. Shirer, Gandhi, p. 57.
57. Shirer, Gandhi, p. 103.
58. 51: 330.
59. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 57.
60. Shirer, Gandhi, pp. 130-1.
61. Tendulkar, Mahatma, 3: 138.
62. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 72.
63. Mira Behn, The Spirit’s Pilgrimage (London: Longmans Green, 1960), p. 131.
64. Related to author by Devadas Gandhi, present at the conversation.
65. Quoted by Akhtarul Wasey in N.N. Vohra (ed.), History, Culture and Society in India and West Asia (Delhi: Shipra, 2003), p. 281.
66. 54: 224.
67. Shirer, Gandhi, p. 141.
68. Lester quoted in Francis Watson and Maurice Brown, Talking of Gandhiji (Calcutta: Orient Longmans, 1957), pp. 73-5.
69. Watson and Brown, Talking of Gandhiji, p. 72.
70. Albert Docker quoted in Watson and Brown, Talking of Gandhiji, p. 75.
71. Shirer, Gandhi, p. 152.
&nbs
p; 72. Quoted in Mira Behn, The Spirit’s Pilgrimage, p. 143.
73. Viscount Templewood (Lord Samuel Hoare), Nine Troubled Years (London: Collins, 1954), pp. 59-60. See also Pyarelal and Sushila Nayar, In Gandhiji’s Mirror, p. 22.
74. Sheridan quoted in Watson and Brown, Talking of Gandhiji, pp. 70-85.
75. Quoted in Green, Gandhi, p. 322.
76. Horrabin in Chandrashanker Shukla (ed.), Incidents in Gandhiji’s Life (Bombay: Vora, 1949), pp. 84-5.
77. Shirer, Gandhi, p. 162.
78. Templewood, Nine Troubled Years, p. 58.
79. Comment to Bristol Evening News quoted in K.P. Goswami (ed.) Mahatma Gandhi: A Chronology, p. 134.
[pp. 363-400]
80. Lester quoted in Watson and Brown, Talking of Gandhiji, p. 92.
81. Quoted in Green, Gandhi, p. 322.
82. See Narayan Desai, Agnikundma Ugelun Gulab (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1992), pp. 392-5.
83. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, History of the Congress.
84. Entry dated 10 April 1932 in Mahadev Desai, The Diary of Mahadev Desai (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1953), vol. 1, p. 66.
85. Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 72.
86. Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 72.
87. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 91-2.
88. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 136.
89. Pyarelal, The Epic Fast, (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1932), p. 49.
90. Pyarelal, Epic Fast, p. 59.
91. Pyarelal, Epic Fast, p. 89 & p. 93.
92. Pyarelal, Epic Fast, p. 59.
Chapter 11. Negotiating Repression
1. Harijan Sevak, 28 April 1933; 61: 16.
2. Quoted in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 74
3. Andrews’s letter quoted in David M. Gracie, (ed.), Gandhi & Charlie (Cambridge, Mass.: Cowley, 1989), p. 155.
4. See letter of 14 Sept. 1933 to Jawaharlal, 61: 396.
5. Nehru’s telegram to Gandhi, 26 Sept. 1932; 57: 113.
6. Letter of 14 Sept. 1933 to Nehru, 61: 396.
7. Remark to ashram colleagues, Patna, 22 March 1934; 63: 305.
8. Talk to ashram inmates, Patna, 22 March 1934; 63: 300-6.
9. S. Gopal, (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru (New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1974), vol. 6, p. 248.
10. Patel quoted back by Gandhi in M.K. Gandhi, Letters to Sardar Patel (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1957), pp. 57-9.
11. Letter of 30 August 1934, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
12. Letters of 13 & 28 Sept. 1934, Devadas Gandhi Papers.
13. Letter to S.B. Rath, 10 Nov. 1931, Ashram File 20, Rajagopalachari Papers.
14. 65: 212-3 & 65: 229-30.
15. To Pandit Narayan M. Khare, 22 Sept. 1934; 65: 58.
16. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 76.
17. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. xii.
18. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 172-3.
19. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, pp. 149-55.
20. Narayan Desai, Bliss Was It…, p. 73.
21. Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 85.
22. Narayan Desai, Bliss Was It…, pp. 73-4.
[pp. 401-414]
23. Dhananjay Keer, Dr. Ambedkar (Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1962), p. 258.
24. Jagjivan Ram to author, New Delhi, 1980.
25. Letter of 13 September 1935 in M.K. Gandhi, Letters to Sardar Patel (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1957), p. 112.
26. Munshi, Pilgrimage to Freedom, p. 28.
27. Patwardhan quoted in S. Gopal, Nehru, vol. 1, p. 210.
28. See letter from Prasad to Nehru quoted in Brecher, Nehru, p. 224; Patel to Prasad, 29 May 1936, in Rajendra Prasad’s Correspondence, vol. 1, p. 17; & new 69: 198.
29. Letter of 8 July 1936, 69: 198-9.
30. S. Gopal, Nehru, vol. 1, p. 215.
31. Letter of 15 November 1936 in G.M. Nandurkar, (ed.), Bapu, Sardar ane Mahadevbhai (Ahmedabad), p. 237.
32. Letter of 15 November 1936 in G.M. Nandurkar, (ed.), Bapu, Sardar ane Mahadevbhai, p. 237.
33. See Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 218.
34. J.B. Kripalani, Autobiography (typescript), pp. 390-1.
35. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 220.
36. Green, Gandhi, p. 349.
37. Quoted in Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 220.
38. Brecher, Nehru, p. 227.
Chapter 12. Dream Under Fire
1. Quoted in J. Ahmad, Middle Phase of the Muslim Political Movement (Lahore: Publishers United, 1969), p. 170.
2. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 224.
3. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 289.
4. For differing accounts of the UP talks see Azad, India Wins Freedom (Calcutta: Orient Longman, 1959); Khaliquzzaman, Pathway to Pakistan; Gopal, Nehru, (vol. 1), pp. 225-8; and the papers by B.R. Nanda and S.R. Mehrotra in C.H. Phillips & M.D. Wainwright (eds.), The Partition of India (London: Allen & Unwin, 1970).
5. Letters quoted in R. Gandhi, India Wins Errors (New Delhi: Radiant, 1989), pp. 22-3.
6. Rajmohan Gandhi, India Wins Errors (New Delhi: Radiant, 1989), pp. 22-3.
7. See letters from Gandhi to Nehru of 1 and 22 July 1937; 72: 9 & 72: 56.
8. Quoted by A.G. Noorani, Frontline, Chennai, 15-28 March 2003.
9. The Hindu, Madras, 10 Jan. 1938.
10. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 271.
11. M.K. Gandhi, Letters to Sardar Patel, (Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1957), p. 129.
12. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 260.
13. On 16 Feb. 1938; 72: 468.
14. M.K. Gandhi, Letters to Sardar Patel, p. 130.
15. See Narayan Desai, Bliss Was It…, p. 44.
[pp. 417-430]
16. On 26 March 1938; 73: 46.
17. 73: 454; 3 March 1938.
18. Letter to Amrit Kaur, 18 May 1938; 73: 171.
19. Letter to Amrit Kaur, 22 May 1938; 73: 190.
20. Letter to Amrit Kaur, 18 May 1938; 73: 171.
21. Mahadev Desai, Two Servants of God (New Delhi: Hindustan Times, 1935), pp. 61-2.
22. On 4 May 1938; 73: 143-5.
23. 74: 158.
24. Tendulkar, Faith Is A Battle, p. 244.
25. On 31 Oct. 1938; 74: 180.
26. On 16 Oct. in Hoti Mardan; 74: 115.
27. On 31 Oct. 1938; 74: 180.
28. 74: 147.
29. Tendulkar, Faith…, p. 291.
30. Tendulkar, p. 244.
31. Tendulkar, pp. 253-4.
32. Tendulkar, p. 285.
33. Tendulkar, p. 238.
34. Relayed by Halifax to Anthony Eden, quoted in Earl of Avon, The Eden Memoirs (London: Cassell, 1962), p. 516.
35. Munshi, Pilgrimage, p. 53.
36. See A.C. Guha, India’s Struggle, 1921-1946 (New Delhi: Publications Division, 1982), Part 1, p. 425.
37. Sitaramayya, History, p. 105.
38. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 390.
39. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 390-2.
40. Indian Review, Madras, April 1939.
41. Letter of 23 Nov. 1939; 77: 125.
42. Green, Gandhi, p. 284.
43. Sudarshan Kapur, Raising Up A Prophet: The African-American Encounter with Gandhi (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), p. 13.
44. Thurman quoted in Sudarshan Kapur, Raising Up a Prophet, p. 88.
45. Quoted in Sudarshan Kapur, Raising Up a Prophet, p. 100.
46. E. Stanley Jones, Gandhi (Nashville: Abingdon, 1948), pp. 33-4.
47. Prabhavati quoted in http://www.gandhi-manibhavan.org/gandhicomesalive/chap06.htm
48. Sushila Nayar in Savita Singh (ed.), Kasturba (New Delhi: Gandhi Smriti, 1994), pp. 50-1.
49. Sushila Nayar in Savita Singh (ed.), Kasturba, p. 51.
50. William Shirer, Gandhi: A Memoir, p. 198.
51. Harijan, 22 April 1939; 75: 475.
52. See also Chandran Devanesen, The Making of the Mahatma, p. 314.
[pp. 430-450]
53. See William Shirer, Gandhi: A Memoir, pp. 196-7, where he discusses Ved Mehta’s interviews with Abha Gandhi and Sushila
Nayar.
54. Quoted in Nilam Parikh, Gandhiji’s Lost Jewel, p. 93; see also 94: 96.
55. See Gandhi’s letter to Pyarelal, 23 May 1938; 73: 192.
56. Kasturba quoted in Gandhi’s letter to her, 18 February 1939; 75: 90.
57. Green, Gandhi, p. 346.
58. Green, Gandhi, p. 346.
59. Green, Gandhi, p. 346.
60. Green, Gandhi, p. 346.
61. Green, Gandhi, p. 346.
62. Green, Gandhi, p. 346.
63. Kalelkar, Bapu ki Jhankian, p. 22.
64. Remark of 1931 quoted in Raghavan Iyer, The Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi, (New Delhi: OUP, 1973), p. 395.
65. Remark of March 1940 quoted in Raghavan Iyer, The Moral and Political Thought of Mahatma Gandhi, p. 12.
66. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 336.
67. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 1: 329.
68. Patel recalling the episode is quoted in The Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 14 Nov. 1947.
69. Desai, Day-to-day with Gandhi, 8: 310.
70. 75: 27.
71. Harijan, 8 April 1939.
72. Kalelkar, writing on 16 March 1946, in Chandrashanker Shukla (ed.), Incidents in Gandhiji’s Life (Bombay: Vora, 1949), pp. 99-100.
73. Harijan, 22 April 1939; 75: 475.
74. Kalelkar, writing on 16 March 1946, in Chandrashanker Shukla (ed.), Incidents in Gandhiji’s Life, pp. 99-100.
75. Pritam Pal Singh, a host in Abbottabad, to author, Pune, 2003.
76. Buber quoted by Avner Falk in G. Ramachandran and T.K. Mahadevan (eds), Quest for Gandhi (Bombay: Bhavan, 1970), pp. 140-54.
77. S. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, New Delhi, vol. 9, p. 300.
78. S. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, vol. 10, p. 117.
79. Munshi, Pilgrimage, p. 55.
Chapter 13. ‘Quit India!’
1. Entry dated 9 Sept. 1939, Diary of Maniben Patel, Patel Papers, Ahmedabad.
2. The Hindu, 4 Sept. 1939.
3. Prasad to B. Shiva Rao, as related by Rao to author, 1973.
4. Brecher, Nehru, p. 262.
5. Quoted in Rajula Jain, ‘Patel’s Role in the Congress, 1934-39’ (unpublished study, 1985), p. 192.
6. See Penderel Moon, Divide and Quit (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962), pp. 24-8.
7. Parikh, Sardar Patel, 2: 409.
[pp. 450-461]
8. Linlithgow to George VI, 19 Oct. 1939, Linlithgow Papers, India Office Library, London.
Mohandas: True Story of a Man, His People Page 92