Empires of the Sky

by Alexander Rose

  Hedin, R. The Zeppelin Reader: Stories, Poems, and Songs from the Age of Airships. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1998.

  Heppenheimer, T. A. Turbulent Skies: The History of Commercial Aviation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

  Herz, J. H. “The Fiasco of Denazification in Germany.” Political Science Quarterly 63 (1948), no. 4: 569–94.

  Hiam, C. M. Dirigible Dreams: The Age of the Airship. Lebanon, N.H.: ForeEdge, 2014.

  Higham, R. The British Rigid Airship, 1908–1931: A Study in Weapons Policy. London: G. T. Foulis, 1961.

  Hildebrandt, A. Airships Past and Present. Translated by H. W. Story. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1908.

  Holanda, R. A History of Aviation Safety: Featuring the U.S. Airline System. Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, 2009.

  Holland, M. Architects of Aviation. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1951.

  Holman, B. “The Phantom Airship Panic of 1913: Imagining Aerial Warfare in Britain Before the Great War.” Journal of British Studies 55 (2016): 99–119.

  Holmes, R. Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air. New York: Pantheon Books, 2013.

  Hopkins, G. E. Pan Am Pioneer: A Manager’s Memoir from Seaplane Clippers to Jumbo Jets. Lubbock, Tx.: Texas Tech University Press, 1995.

  Hopkins, S. “Daredevil Balloonist John Steiner: America’s Champion Aeronaut in the Civil War.” Military Images 33 (2015), no. 4: 42–44.

  Hühne, M. C. Pan Am History, Design, and Identity. Berlin: Callisto Publishers, 2016.

  Ickes, H. L. The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes. New York: Simon and Schuster, 3 vols., 1954.

  Italiaander, R. Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin: Reitergeneral, Diplomat, Luftschiffpionier: Bilder und Dokumente. Konstanz, Germany: Verlag Friedr. Stadler, 1980.

  ———. Ein Deutscher Namens Eckener: Luftfahrtpionier und Friedenspolitiker: Vom Kaiserreich bis in Die Bundesrepublik. Konstanz, Germany: F. Stadler, 1981.

  Jackson, D. D. Flying the Mail. Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, 1982.

  Jakab, P. L. Visions of a Flying Machine: The Wright Brothers and the Process of Invention. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990.

  Jay, W., ed. The Life of John Jay: With Selections from His Correspondence and Miscellaneous Papers. 2 vols. New York: J.&J. Harper, 1833.

  Jones, L. E. “Sammlung Oder Zersplitterung? Die Bestrebungen zur Bildung einer neuen Mittelpartei in der Endphase der Weimarer Republik 1930–1933.” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 25 (1977), no. 3: 265–304.

  Josephson, M. Empire of the Air: Juan Trippe and the Struggle for World Airways. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1944.

  Kaempffert, W. “How It Feels to Fly: From Châlons to Vincennes in a Biplane.” The World’s Work 16 (1910): 515–18.

  Kalabash Wordsmith, R. (pseud.). “Notes on the International Zeppelin Transport Co. and Pacific Zeppelin Transport Co.” Buoyant Flight 39 (1992), no. 4: 2, 4–5.

  ———. “Notes on the International Zeppelin Transport Co. and Pacific Zeppelin Transport Co.” Buoyant Flight 39 (1992), no. 5: 4–5, 8.

  Kauffman, S. B., and G. E. Hopkins. Pan Am Pioneer: A Manager’s Memoir from Seaplane Clippers to Jumbo Jets. Lubbock, Tx.: Texas Tech University Press, 1995.

  Keen, P. “The ‘Balloonomania’: Science and Spectacle in 1780s England.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 39 (2006), no. 4: 507–35.

  Kelly, C. J. The Sky’s the Limit: The History of the Airlines. New York: Coward-McCann, 1963.

  Kelly, M. Steam in the Air: The Application of Steam Power in Aviation During the 19th and 20th Centuries. Barnsley, U.K.: Pen & Sword, 2006.

  Kershaw, I. Hitler: 1899–1936: Hubris. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2000.

  Keynes, J. M. A Revision of the Treaty: Being a Sequel to The Economic Consequences of the Peace. London: Macmillan and Co., 1922.

  Knäusel, H. G. Zeppelin and the United States of America: An Important Episode in German- American Relations. Friedrichshafen, Germany: Luftschiffbau Zeppelin, 1981.

  Knight, R. W. The Hindenburg Accident: A Comparative Digest of the Investigations and Findings, with the American and German Reports Included. Bureau of Air Commerce Safety and Planning Division, Department of Commerce, Report No. 11 (August 1938). Riverdale, Conn.: 7 C’s Press, 1976.

  Kolm, S. L. “ ‘Who Says It’s a Man’s World?’: Women’s Work and Travel in the First Decades of Flight.” In The Airplane in American Culture, edited by D. A. Pisano, 147–64. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.

  Komons, N. A. “William P. MacCracken, Jr., and the Regulation of Civil Aviation.” In Aviation’s Golden Age: Portraits from the 1920s and 1930s, edited by W. M. Leary, 35–59. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989.

  Köster, R. “Zeppelin: The Airship and the Need for Diversification After World War One (1918–1929).” Paper presented at the European Business History Association’s 12th Annual Conference, Bergen, Norway, 2008.

  Kramer, T. Eduard Spelterini: Photographs of a Pioneer Balloonist. Zurich: Scheidigger & Speiss, 2008.

  Kravitz, S. A. “The Business of Selling the Soviet Union: Intourist and the Wooing of American Travelers, 1929–1939.” M.A. diss., Concordia University, 2006.

  Kulikowski, M. “Fantasy Flights: Technology, Politics and the Soviet Airship Programme, 1930–1938.” Icon 21 (2015) : 66–80.

  Lamm, M. “1932 Maybach Zeppelin Streamlined Limo.” Autoweek, June 9, 1997.

  Langins, J. “Hydrogen Production for Ballooning During the French Revolution: An Early Example of Chemical Process Development.” Annals of Science 40 (1983), no. 6: 531–58.

  Lardner, D. Treatise on Hydrostatics and Pneumatics. Boston: Stimpson and Clapp, 1832.

  Lauritzen, F. “Propaganda Art in the Postage Stamps of the Third Reich.” Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts 10 (1988): 62–79.

  Leary, W. M. “At the Dawn of Commercial Aviation: Inglis M. Uppercu and Aeromarine Airways.” Business History Review 53 (1979), no. 2: 180–93.

  ———. “Henry Ford and Aeronautics During the 1920s.” In Aviation’s Golden Age: Portraits From the 1920s and 1930s, edited by W. M. Leary, 1–17. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989.

  ———.“Safety in the Air: The Impact of Instrument Flying and Radio Navigation on U.S. Commercial Air Operations Between the Wars.” In From Airships to Airbus: The History of Civil and Commercial Aviation, edited by W. M. Leary and W. F. Trimble, 97–113. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

  Lee, D. D. “Herbert Hoover and the Rise of Commercial Aviation, 1921–1926.” Business History Review 58 (1984): 78–102.

  ———. “Herbert Hoover and the Golden Age of Aviation.” In Aviation’s Golden Age: Portraits from the 1920s and 1930s, edited by W. M. Leary, 127–48. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989.

  Lehmann, E. A. Zeppelin: The Story of Lighter-Than-Air Craft. Edited by A. Sutton. Stroud, U.K.: Fonthill Media, 2015.

  Levitt, M. L. “The Development and Politicization of the American Helium Industry, 1917–1940.” Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 30 (2000), no. 2: 333–47.

  Lindbergh, C. A. The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1970.

  ———. Autobiography of Values. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978.

  Lloyd George, D. War Memoirs of David Lloyd George. London: Odhams Press, 2 vols., 1938.

  Lochner, L. P. “Aboard the Airship Hindenburg: Louis P. Lochner’s Diary of Its Maiden Flight to the United States.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History 49 (1965), no. 2: 101–21.

  Loftin, L. K., Jr. Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

  Lorelli, J. A. To Foreign Shores: U.S. Amph
ibious Operations in World War Two. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1995.

  Lorenz, R. D. “Edmond Halley’s Aeronautical Calculations on the Feasibility of Manned Flight in 1691.” Journal of Aeronautical History 2 (2012): 28–31.

  Lynn, M. R. The Sublime Invention: Ballooning in Europe, 1783–1820. London: Routledge, 2016.

  Lyth, P. “The Empire’s Airway: British Civil Aviation from 1919 to 1939.” Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire 78 (2000), no. 3: 865–87.

  MacKay, R. A. “Foreign Governments and Politics: Newfoundland Reverts to the Status of a Colony.” American Political Science Review 28 (1934), no. 5: 895–900.

  Mackenzie, D. “Ireland, Canada and Atlantic Aviation, 1935–45: A Comparative Study.” The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 18 (1992), no. 2: 31–47.

  Maitland, E. M. The Log of H.M.A. 34: Journey to America and Back. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1920.

  Martyn, T. Hints of Important Uses, to Be Derived from Aerostatic Globes, with a Print of an Aerostatic Globe, and Its Appendages. London: T. Martyn, 1784.

  Maurer, H.-J. “A Dissident Nazi: Hans-Jörg Maurer’s Würzburg Diary.” Wisconsin Magazine of History 50 (1967), no. 4: 347–91.

  Maxim, H. S. Artificial and Natural Flight. London: Whittaker and Co., 1908.

  ———. My Life. London: Methuen & Co., 1915.

  Mayo, H. B. “Newfoundland’s Entry into the Dominion.” The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science/Revue Canadienne d’Economique et de Science Politique 15 (1949), no. 4: 505–22.

  McCannon, J. “Sharing the Northern Skies: German-Soviet Scientific Cooperation and the 1931 Flight of the Graf Zeppelin to the Soviet Arctic.” Russian History 30 (2003), no. 4: 403–31.

  ———. “Winged Prometheans: Arctic Aviation as Socialist Construction in Stalinist Russia, 1928–1939.” Scientia Canadensis: Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine 33 (2010), no. 2: 75–97.

  McCullough, D. The Wright Brothers. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.

  McDonough, F. The Gestapo: The Myth and Reality of Hitler’s Secret Police. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2017.

  McLaughlin, H. E. Footsteps in the Sky: An Informal Review of U.S. Airlines Inflight Service, 1920–Present. Denver: State of the Art, 1994.

  Menne, B. Blood and Steel: The Rise of the House of Krupp. Translated by G. H. Smith. New York: Lee Furman, 1938.

  Meyer, H. C. Airshipmen, Businessmen, and Politics, 1890–1940. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991.

  ———. Count Zeppelin: A Psychological Portrait. Auckland, New Zealand: Lighter-Than-Air Institute, 1998.

  Miller, W. I Found No Peace: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1936.

  Moedebeck, H.W.L. Pocket-Book of Aeronautics. Translated by W. M. Varley. London: Whittaker & Co., 1907.

  Morgan, R. P. “The Political Significance of German-Soviet Trade Negotiations, 1922–5.” The Historical Journal 6 (1963), no. 2: 253–71.

  Nekrich, A. M. Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German-Soviet Relations, 1922–1941. Translated by G. L. Freeze. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

  Nelson, S. B. “Airships in the Arctic.” Arctic 46 (1993), no. 3: 278–83.

  Nielsen, T. The Zeppelin Story. Translated by Peter Chambers. London: Allen Wingate, 1955.

  Nitske, W. R. The Zeppelin Story. South Brunswick, N.J.: A. S. Barnes and Co., 1977.

  Nixon, E. B., ed. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Foreign Affairs. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 3 vols., 1969.

  Norway, N. S. Slide Rule: The Autobiography of an Engineer. 1954. Reprint, New York: Vintage, 2010.

  Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality. Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1946.

  O’Neill, R. A., and J. F. Hood. A Dream of Eagles. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973.

  Overton, J. “Economic Crisis and the End of Democracy: Politics in Newfoundland During the Great Depression.” Labour/Le Travail 26 (1990): 85–124.

  Overy, R. J. “Cars, Roads, and Economic Recovery in Germany, 1932–8.” Economic History Review (1975) 28, no. 3: 466–83.

  Pennoyer, P., and A. Walker. The Architecture of Delano & Aldrich. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2003.

  Pfister, O. The Psychoanalytic Method. Translated by C. R. Payne. New York: Moffat, Yard, and Co., 1919.

  Pickering, S. “Wake Island.” United States Naval Institute Proceedings 48 (1922), no. 12: 2075–79.

  Pisano, D. A. “The Greatest Show on Earth: The Confrontation Between Utility and Entertainment in Aviation.” In The Airplane in American Culture, edited by D. A. Pisano, 39–74. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.

  Pomerantz, S. I. “George Washington and the Inception of Aeronautics in the Young Republic.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (1954) 98, no. 2: 131–38.

  Ponce de Leon, C. “The Man Nobody Knows: Charles A. Lindbergh and the Culture of Celebrity.” In The Airplane in American Culture, edited by D. A. Pisano, 75–101. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.

  Porter, R. Aerial Navigation: The Practicability of Traveling Pleasantly and Safely from New-York to California in Three Days, Fully Demonstrated: With a Full Description of a Perfect Aerial Locomotive, with Estimates of Capacity, Speed, and Cost of Construction. New York: H. Smith, 1849.

  Powell, T. “Grand Classic.” Automobile Quarterly 43 (2003), no. 1, 12–24.

  Randall, S. J. “Colombia, the United States, and Interamerican Aviation Rivalry, 1927–1940.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 14 (1972), no. 3: 297–324.

  Rawlinson, A. The Defence of London. London: Andrew Melrose, 2nd ed., 1923.

  Reagan, M. D. “The Helium Controversy.” In American Civil-Military Decisions: A Book of Case Studies, edited by H. Stein, 45–57. Birmingham: University of Alabama Press, 1963.

  Reinhart, C. M., and K. S. Rogoff. This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009.

  Rieger, B. “Modern Wonders: Technological Innovation and Public Ambivalence in Britain and Germany, 1890s to 1933.” History Workshop Journal 55 (2003), no. 1: 152–76.

  Robinson, D. H. The LZ-129 Hindenburg. New York: Arco, 1964.

  ———. Giants in the Sky: A History of the Rigid Airship. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1973.

  ———. “David Schwarz: Tragödie Des Erfinders: Zur Geschichte Des Luftschiffes.” Buoyant Flight 32 (1984), no. 1: 2–8.

  Robinson, D. H., and C. H. Keller. “Up Ship!”: A History of the U.S. Navy’s Rigid Airships, 1919–1935. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1982.

  Röhl, J.C.G. Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1859–1941: A Concise Life. Translated by S. De Bellaigue. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

  Rose, A. “Radar Strategy: The Air Dilemma in British Politics, 1932–1937.” Ph.D. diss., Cambridge University, 1996.

  ———. “Radar and Air Defence in the 1930s.” Twentieth-Century British History 9 (1998), no. 2: 219–45.

  Rotch, A. L. The Conquest of the Air, or the Advent of Aerial Navigation. New York: Moffat, Yard and Co., 1909.

  Rust, D. L. Flying Across America: The Airline Passenger Experience. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2009.

  Sanford, G. “Illuminating Systems: Edison and Electrical Incandescence.” OAH Magazine of History 4 (1989), no. 2: 16–19.

  Schatzberg, E. “Ideology and Technical Choice: The Decline of the Wooden Airplane in the United States, 1920–1945.” Technology and Culture 35 (1994), no. 1: 34–69.

  Schurz, C. The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz. New York: The McClure Company, 1907.

  Schwartz, R. Flying Down to
Rio: Hollywood, Tourists, and Yankee Clippers. College Station, Tx.: Texas A&M University Press, 2004.

  Seibel, C. W. Helium: Child of the Sun. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1969.

  Serling, R. J. Legend & Legacy: The Story of Boeing and Its People. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991.

  Siemens, D. Stormtroopers: A New History of Hitler’s Brownshirts. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2017.

  Smith, R. K. “The Intercontinental Airliner and the Essence of Airplane Performance, 1929–1939.” Technology and Culture 24 (1983), no. 3: 428–49.

  Snider, J. D. “ ‘Great Shadow in the Sky’: The Airplane in the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 and the Development of African-American Visions of Aviation, 1921–1926.” In The Airplane in American Culture, edited by D. A. Pisano, 105–46. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.

  Squires, J. D. “Aeronautics in the Civil War.” American Historical Review 42 (1937), no. 4: 652–69.

  Stamp, J. “Aero-Static Warfare: A Brief Survey of Ballooning in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Siege Warfare.” Journal of Military History 79 (2015), no. 3: 767–82.

  Steiner, J. H. “Press Release, 1863.” Minnesota History 40 (1967), no. 6: 279–80.

  Stokes, P. “Power for Flight in the Victorian Era.” Aerospace 11 (1984), no. 10: 10–18.

  Swientek, H.-O. “Alfred Colsman (1873–1955): Ein Leben Für Die Deutsche Luftfahrt.” Tradition: Zeitschrift für Firmengeschichte und Unternehmerbiographie 10 (1965), no. 3: 112–26.

  Thebaud-Sorger, M. “Balloons in the Historiography of Aerial Mobility.” Mobility in History 4 (2013): 83ff.

  Thompson, S. P. Dynamo-Electric Machinery: A Manual for Students of Electrotechnics. 3rd ed. London: E. & F. N. Spon, 1888.

  Tittel, L. Graf Zeppelin: His Life and His Work. Translated by Peter A. Schmidt. Friedrichshafen, Germany: Zeppelin-Museum, 1995.

  Toland, J. The Great Dirigibles: Their Triumphs and Disasters. New York: Dover Publications, 1972.

  Topping, D. When Giants Roamed the Sky: Karl Arnstein and the Rise of Airships from Zeppelin to Goodyear. Edited by E. Brothers. Akron, Oh.: University of Akron Press, 2000.

  Trippe, B. S. Pan Am’s First Lady: The Diary of Betty Stettinius Trippe. Edited by R.E.G. Davies. McLean, Va.: Paladwr Press, 1996.