Alien Psychology

by Roderick R. MacDonald

  It could be said, of course, that I'm just being selective about evidence so that it will fit my theory, i.e., only the cases that fit the narrow criteria are allowed. Possibly. However, in drawing up this theory about the nature and abilities of extraterrestrials, in saying that, if they are here then this is what they'll be like, I'm limiting the evidence to particular types. While I think some of the evidence may be true, I'm in no way entirely sure about this. Nobody is! For all we know, the space around earth has been empty of intelligent life for billions of years and will continue to be so.

  Nonetheless, like many, I think something is there. For all the cases put forward for the last forty years, once all the myths and dross has been sorted out, it's likely that the very few remaining have real validity. Part of the problem with UFO research is the process of distinguishing which is which. There is also this thing about the image of the alien—the alien Grey—which is prevalent in our society. As discussed before, it may even be something subliminal, something lurking in our subconscious minds.

  In the next chapter we'll discuss how the UFO's may operate and then the question of the effects of an alien presence will be discussed.

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  Phase 13

  Flying Saucers And Rocket Science

  Although the ancient Chinese developed rockets, they didn't become serious weapons or methods of transport until the twentieth century. They work in a very simple way as described by Newton's third law of motion: to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. A common misconception is that rockets need to push against something. This isn't the case. The way the third law was often demonstrated in the science class was to get someone holding a heavy ball to stand on a wheeled trolley and by throwing the ball away, the trolley plus the person moved in the opposite direction. The faster the ball was thrown then the faster the opposite movement became.

  A conventional rocket has either solid or liquid fuel. Resembling a firework, a solid rocket is quite a simple affair. The fuel burns quickly to produce hot gases which escape through the bottom of the rocket, so propelling it in the opposite direction. Liquid fuel rockets employ, as the name implies, liquids which combine in an engine to burn and produce thrust. The engine is basically a combustion sphere with a nozzle through which the thrust gases escape. The Saturn V rocket which took men to the moon used liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as fuel. Generally, liquid fuel produces more thrust per unit weight of propellant than solid fuel.

  Another way to make a rocket is to use a nuclear reactor to provide heat. Only one gas is necessary. This is heated to a high temperature by the reactor and is then ejected through the engine chamber to give thrust. A nuclear rocket is more efficient than the other two types. More complex and even more efficient are ion drives which make more use out of their fuel.

  A way to measure efficiency of a rocket is to calculate something called specific impulse. Basically this is the amount of thrust from a unit of fuel, measured in seconds. For example, in a solid fuel rocket, one pound of fuel will produce one pound of thrust for about two hundred to three hundred seconds. A liquid fuel rocket will have a specific impulse over four hundred, a nuclear about a thousand and an ion rocket, something like eighty thousand.

  Solid fuel burns quickly and the thrust is concentrated, making this type of rocket good for boosters—the Shuttle has two large solid fuel boosters which impart a high thrust on lift off but, because they don't last long, are jettisoned shortly into flight. By this time, the rocket has developed a high velocity and momentum. Liquid fuel is more controllable: the engines can be shut down and restarted but they work in essentially the same way. A nuclear rocket, at least the types that have been developed, make good use of the fuel but are too small in size to lift a heavy object into orbit. They are also a risk to the environment should something go wrong. An ion drive doesn't provide good lift off power but is excellent for continued thrust and acceleration over long periods of time, allowing velocity to continually build up.

  None of these devices, however, would appear to be of any use for powering a UFO and so, in one dash, all our rocket science has been left behind, making us look for something entirely more sophisticated. In all probability, in coming from space to enter the atmosphere, a UFO doesn't use a heat shield like the shuttle's tiles. The shuttle uses the atmosphere to brake its speed and then glides down to the surface to land. At no time in its descent could the shuttle power up engines to go back into space, and it is unable to do anything else than adopt a powerless flight landing. Coming in to land, it couldn't suddenly change to land somewhere else, perhaps thousands of miles away. A UFO, on the other hand, apparently has the ability to be powered continuously, making adjustments at will. In all the reports ever mentioned concerning UFO's, rockets or jets are not described so they obviously use another type of fuel.

  Presumably, when going to space from earth, the UFO doesn't require massive boosters—this would be a bit of a give-away to its presence! Neither does it land with jets or rockets, kicking up clouds of dust, nor does it appear to have any form of obvious propulsion which would tie in with Newton's third law. There's always action and reaction taking place—the action being rocket plumes, exhaust gases or whatever. A UFO doesn't appear to throw anything out to give it a reaction against the action. Its propulsion must therefore be far more subtle. The commonly described UFO also appears to be self-contained so whatever fuel it employs must be highly efficient. With fuel being contained within the body of the UFO which enables it to land, take off and make all types of manoeuvres, the volume of fuel can't be large and compared to fuel used for earth rockets, it must have a huge specific impulse.

  Of course, this fuel may not be instantly recognisable to us as conventional fuel; it's unlikely to be a liquid form carried in tankers. Probably it's an energy source, conceivably involving nuclear fusion, which in turn will power whatever device makes it fly through space and the atmosphere. Our Exordicans use an antimatter drive to take them from stellar system to stellar system and also fusion power to travel quickly within the planetary systems themselves. This propulsion is probably of the conventional type whereby fuel is super—heated and then expelled in the manner of a rocket but on earth, as far as reports go, it's a form of electromagnetic propulsion which allows them to manoeuvre. If I knew what this was, I'd be rich or even held captive in a government secret headquarters. With no harm in guessing, I've come up with three possible suggestions listed with increasing improbability.

  The first fits in with the perceived electromagnetic properties of UFO's. If the ship is surrounded by a strong electromagnetic force field which was able to hold back not only charged particles but even the molecules of air itself, by introducing a vibration to the field, movement could then be induced allowing the force field to hit against the molecules. Imagine one side of the field oscillating rapidly? As the field pulsed outwards it would collide with air molecules, so imparting a motion in the opposite direction. Of course, if all sides of the field vibrated, motion from one part would cancel motion from its opposite part. The trick would be to control the force field so that only one section vibrated—the UFO would move in the opposite direction. A sophisticated control mechanism could have all parts of the field vibrating at different times to give the UFO exquisitely directed movement, making it able to fly through the sky, stop suddenly and then go off in another direction. Momentum would be a problem but maybe some of this energy could be absorbed by the force field. Occupants of the UFO would experience excessive g forces acting upon them. Although some of this energy could also be absorbed by another field, there still remains a significant problem of passenger comfort which appears difficult to solve. At any rate, it's unlikely that operations on abductees could take place during aeronautical acrobatics.

  The next idea has its origins many years ago in pre—Einstein physics. A wave travelling through the sea is essentially energy passing through a medium—the wave is the energy and the water, the medium. The same is tru
e for waves travelling through a pond after a stone is dropped in. If you place a cork in the pond, it bobs up and down with the waves. Notice, though, that it doesn't travel along with the waves to the edge of the pond; with a wave motion, water doesn't actually travel outwards, only the energy does. Light is a waveform and so too, all the other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Early ideas considered that light travelling through a vacuum required a medium to propagate its movement just as the energy of a falling stone needs the water to act as a medium. Observing nothing that would fit the requirements, physicists invented a substance called ether, an invisible medium that filled the universe and allowed electromagnetic energy waves to propagate. It later became obvious when relativity was taken into consideration that ether was unnecessary and the idea dwindled ... until recently. There are theories saying that the universe has a peculiar type of ether, not as previously envisaged, but as a permeating field through which particles are exchanged. This ether is responsible for information transfer between gravitational sources. Now, if we have an ether of sorts and an energy source, the UFO may be able to move if it can be made to interact with the ether. The UFO would essentially be energy travelling through a medium. How this would be accomplished or how the UFO energy would interact with the ether remains a complete mystery.

  The last idea concerns itself with dark energy. With gravity, everything attracts everything else. The earth attracts the moon and the sun attracts the earth. Preventing us from floating away into space, gravity is the force which keeps us to the earth. In our experience, gravity is solely an attractive force but when we think of magnets it's possible to get repulsion when two like poles are put together, and with electric charges, two plusses or two negatives similarly repel each other. Why then can't we have negative gravity? Instead of holding us to the earth, we would be pushed away into space.

  The idea isn't a new one. H. G. Wells described a spaceship coated with an anti—gravity substance called Cavorite. Apparently with effortless ease, the ship could be made to fly through space. At first glance, the notion of negative gravity appears difficult to grasp but new ideas in astronomy and cosmology first put forward in the last years of the twentieth century are making us consider the possibility of something called cosmic dark energy which opposes normal attractiveness of matter and also makes the expanding universe expand even quicker. This idea came about when observations showed that the universe was expanding faster with time. The observations may be misinterpreted but at the moment that's the general idea. The missing mass problem in the universe says that, according to observations of stars moving in galaxies, there should be a lot more mass or matter. The idea of dark matter and dark energy helps to explain observations and if the dark energy which is responsible for repulsive gravity could be utilised, then maybe a spaceship could be powered with this? Technically, this problem may even be beyond beings like the Exordicans.

  Ideas concerning faster than light travel have been mentioned before in this book but there are a few which purport to explain the propulsion system of UFO's. A way to get around the problem of travelling faster than light is to make the journey shorter. This is done by warping space itself. By using a large mass, space can be folded in on itself to make points originally light years away from each other almost adjacent through so called hyperspace. Several things are wrong with this idea in application. Survival probabilities of going through a warp are probably no better than going through a black hole. Any ship, however strong in structure, would be ripped to pieces by the enormous forces placed upon it. Further, should a ship of this nature ever be built, the mass required to warp space would be absolutely tremendous.

  How much mass is required to warp space? Neutron stars are exceptionally dense objects in which the mass of a star has been compacted into an object around ten miles in diameter. Neutron stars don't warp space to any great extent, and certainly not to the degree of creating a shortcut through the universe. To do this, the mass will require further contraction, a task that is impossible under ordinary circumstances unless a black hole is created. Therefore, to make a spaceship capable of going through warps, it will have to encompass a black hole. How this could be accomplished is beyond belief. After the astronauts were ripped to pieces by the tidal effects of the black hole, there certainly wouldn't be any passenger comforts to boast of. However, just supposing this ship was created, utilising a black hole with a mass amounting to the equivalent of a large planet, what would happen if it approached our solar system? There would be a game of cosmic snooker. Introducing a large moving mass of this nature into a delicately balanced system of orbiting planets, the whole caboodle would be sent spinning in all directions: some planets would be thrown out into the coldness of interstellar space, some would crash into the sun while others may even collide with each other. At the very least, the ship would disturb earth in its habitable zone, quickly causing climate changes of extraordinary proportions, consequently killing all life residing there. In fact, the warp ship, making an excellent doomsday weapon capable of wiping out any star system, would be more deadly than anything seen on Star Trek.

  Continuing with fiction, what a great speech the President made during the darkest moment of Independence Day! Cold-hearted aliens were defeated by a computer virus and a nuclear bomb. Their huge ships had been intent on destroying all life on earth but, had they just thought about the matter a little more, all they needed to do was a simple orbiting manoeuvre with the mother ship; the gravitational perturbations caused by the massive object would have destroyed the surface much easier than the sophisticated energy devices they employed.

  It's doubtful whether or not the aliens could have been overturned as described. Surely their computers made use of anti—virus devices? Similarly, in War of the Worlds written over one hundred years ago, the Martians moved about on huge tripod machines and used heat rays to blast the earth forces. Apart from the fact that stable movement with a tripod device is very difficult, the machines were too easy to destroy. In the book, a machine was brought down by a small artillery piece and another with the guns of a small ship. Had the Martians landed only a few years later, in the time of the First World War, they would have been totally obliterated by an artillery barrage.

  Fiction, at the time of its writing, tends to see alien technology as more sophisticated but not hugely removed from contemporary levels, hence, the crude, almost Victorian, Martian tripods and the dog-fighting alien ships in Independence Day. In reality, anyone with the technology to travel between stars will be thousands of years in advance of us, so advanced in fact that even wild guesses of their ingenuity may be far off the mark. Think what would have happened to a fleet of Greek triremes if it encountered hostility from a modern battle fleet? Should such a one sided conflict arise from only two and a half thousand years, what would it be like for ten thousand or more years?

  Exordican UFO's would be exceptionally sophisticated. In the unlikely event that one was ever captured by an earth country, the likelihood of our scientists taking it apart and learning how it works to back engineer a version of their own is verging on the minimal. We can only guess that their UFO's would be black, silent and virtually undetectable. Elusive, powerful and indestructible, encounters with them would be sporadic at the best. Faced with this alien race which considers us as no more important than cattle or sheep, how would we be able to survive their arrival at our solar system?

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  Phase 14

  Them and us, a Clash of Cultures

  During the sixteenth century when fleets of galleons set sail from Europe to the New World, how many of the invaders stopped to think of the consequences of their actions? Did advisors say to the kings and queens of Spain, Portugal, France and England, don't go there because you'll upset the delicate cultural, social and ecological balance that exists in these lands? Think how technologically removed they were from us? Iron was a scarce commodity and their weapons consisted of wooden clubs, spears and shields; they'd never seen
canon, muskets, armour or swords; the wheel was an alien concept; the horse was an alien animal; gunpowder was an alien substance; Christianity was an alien religion; and European diseases were alien too! Nobody stopped to think or complain: all they saw was gold, wealth, opportunity, empire and adventure.

  Although Vikings had visited North America several hundred years before, their impact was limited and we had to wait until 1492 for the real culture clash to begin. Within fifty years of Columbus’ landing, the mighty empires of the Incas and Aztecs had been swept aside by the conquistadors and millions were dead through massacres and disease. The old and new worlds had been apart for thousands of years and the inevitable happened when the two were united. Put yourself in the place of an Inca citizen before Pizarro, secure in the knowledge that your civilisation was sophisticated, highly cultured and intelligent, then imagine your entire world collapsing within a generation: put yourself exactly where you are now, before the arrival of the extraterrestrials, then imagine the same.

  There are many other examples in our history to illustrate the uneven consequences of culture clashes, some of them temporary but others more of a permanent nature. When Rome changed from a city state to become a major power in the first millennium B.C., it overpowered many small kingdoms and countries in Italy, each of which had their own language and customs; however, by the second century B.C., most of them had disappeared to be replaced by Latin and Roman ways of life. Further, when the empire was at its peak in the second century A. D., Latin was spoken everywhere from Britain to Mesopotamia. This change was inevitable. It wasn't stamped on the people new to the empire but it soon became obvious that to get on, Latin was the language to use. Such was the grip of Latin that it carried on in some form or another until well after the fall of the empire. It's still here today!