by Jack Lindsay
[158] Isok. x 64; Cruq. ad Hor. epod. xvii 43; sch. Eur. Or. 249. Stones: sch. Eur. Or. 1287. Tabula Ithaka as Sack of Troy according to Stesichoros: Stuart Jones Cat. Mus. Capit. 165. Marriage: Athen. iii 81d, x 451d; Hor. Epod. xvii 38; Pers. ii 56; Vurtheim 69; Souda sv Phormion; sch. Il. ii 339 (oath); Eustath. 1698 Init. Also Kaibel (2); Eur. Hel. 637-41, 722-5. Art: GK 106, 168; Brommer 326; GK nos. 106-ii. But marriage in quadriga common theme of Attic vases from sixth and fifth centuries.
[159] Bowra (1) 88f; Edmonds (1) ii 53, 56f, 58f; Bowra (2) 112; Viitheim 59. Not Helen as in Eur. Hel. 1667, 1465-7; Aristoph. Lysis. 1308-15. Gold-winged is epithet of Iris (Il. twice, and Hymn. Dem. 314).
[160] Sch. Aristoph. Peace 775; Aristeid. Or. xxxiii 3; Bowra (1) Zon. Lex. 1338.
[161] Plat. Rep. 586b; Aristeid. Or, xlv 54.
[162] Il. v 449-51; Od. iv 796, xi 476, 602; used of golden image of a woman, Hdt. i 51, cf. vi 5, 8. Hera and Ixion: Pind. Pyth. ii; sch. Eur. Phoin. 1185; Louk. Dial. Gods vi. Note important use of eidola in theories of Demokritos and Epikouros.
[163] He also wrote a Sack; we do not know its relation to similar work by contemporary Sakados of Argos: Athen. xiii 610e; for epic Sack by Arktinos, Huxley (4) 146-8.
[164] Proteus not in the story after Stesichoros, as WM (1) 240 n1 thought; SS ii 1, 476; Hopfer sees work of Egyptian priests. Tzet. Lyk. 113; sch. Aristeid. Or. xiii 131; Eur. Hel. 44ff; Dion Or. xi 40 Prem.
[165] Hidden on mainland, eg Therapne: Preuss 48ff; skies or isle, Vürtheim 67ff; Bowra (2) 109f; Plat. Phaidr. 243a; fr. 192/15 Page; Aristeid. Or. xiii 131; GK 289. For phasma of Herakles getting a woman with child: Paus. vi 11. Aristeides merely says that Paris took the eidolon, as Helen he could not take.
[166] See previous note; Plout. de mal. Herod. xiii 857b; Vissert 19, 84; Hdt. vi 291f.
[167] Chadwick Growth iii 619; Od. viii 63f; Il. ii 599f, cf. the blind singer of Chios (H. Hymn iii 172.). SS i 1, 471 n6; cf. Thamyris blinded for boasting he sang better than the muses.
[168] Welcker thinks Daphnis merely used as example. Ailian VH x 18; Diod. Sic. iv 84; Parthen. 29; Timaios, Jacoby F 83, 566 (in Sikelida?); Vürtheim 73; Retz 262; Williams and Ogilvie 18-27. For love disaster, cf. Kalyke and Rhadine, Athen. xiv 619d; Str. viii 347.
[169] Plin. ii 9; Ginzel ii 525 cites four notable sun eclipses between total ones of 585 and 463 BC; one (557 BC) was total. Edmonds (1) ii 19; Pind. Paian ix; Eustath. Il. 722, 3. Telchines: JL (2.) index, especially 195f. His original name Teisias (Souda), possibly suggesting tinein, tisis, retribution. Archilochos, fr. 74D. and Vlastos, Class. Philol. xlii 1947 174.
[170] Becker 80 sees a mere literary diversion; Premerstein 634 stresses Doric basis and suggests palinode ended with apotheosis — a local legend? Hor. Epod. xvii 38, cf. Eur. Hel. 1666, Or. 1636 (Vürtheim). Dioskouroi as healers: so considered by Romans and Byzantines: Viirtheim 69, sch. Pers. ii 56; Souda, sv Phormion.
[171] Ibykos: sch. Eur. Andr. 628; poet of passion, Cic. Tusc. iv 33, 71; sch. Ar. Wasps 714; sch. Il. xiii 516, cf. Il. X111 361, 516; GK 42. Grey hair: Il. xiii 361; friendship, 232f. Pap. Oxy. xv 1790; Diehl fr. 3; Edmonds (1) ii 115-19. He has Leda of Pleuron, Helen Menelaid, Spartan girls bare-thighed; Diomedes’ holy Adriatic isle, Achilles arriving in Blessed Isles and marrying Medeia; sch. Pind. Nem. x 7; sch. AR iv 814.
[172] Moliones: Athen ii 57f; Siamese twins, Hes. fr. 13 Rz.; Eustath. Il.. 882; Pherekyd. fr. 47 Sturz; Plout. de frat. am. 1; J. (1) 162; M. Mayer 21; Her. Mad. 29; Antiope 92 Page. In Geometric vase: Coldstream 351. Johansen (3) 25; Brann 65f; Huxley (4) 113. Homer ignores Siamese twins aspect.
[173] Pindar: Pyth. xi 33f; Paian vi 95ff, Isth. viii 53, cf. Eur. Tro. 921f; Verg. Aen. vii 320f; Jouan (1) 137.
[174] Pyth. v 82ff; Drachmann ii 185f; Defradas; Chamoux 71f. Petala: Isth. viii 43.
[175] Korinna: Edmonds (1) iii 39. Bacchylides calls Twins to a holy feast, Athen. xi 500a.
[176] GK 118f, 328; Dugas (5) 167: Warriors; ? Hippomedes and Hippolytos. Sacred marriage: Klinz; Toutain; Picard (10) 259; CZ iii 1025ff. Ivory: GK 77 n3; amphora, GK 100, no 89. Troy, GK ii 7f, cf. 56-9, no 112; archaic, GK 49-53; carry-off or return; severe style, carry-off, persuasion 59-61, Paris before Helen 61, evolving to gynaikion scene, 65; after 450, carry-off in favour 66; first vase inscribed Menelaos (Menelas): Beazley (3) 8, Hampe (4) 70; Kübler (1) 17, GK 47; Sack, early Corinthian painter Kleanthes, Plin. xxxv 15f & 55f, Athen. 346bc, Str. viii 343 (shrine of Artemis Alpheionia near Olympia); Corfu, GK 77 n3; types from Little Iliad and Sack of Troy GK 98-113.
[177] GK 53, no II. Peitho: Kekule AZ xl 1882 10; Jahn sees a companion of Helen, 176, 180; Gerhard Trinkschalen 15 sees Menelaos, not Aineias. GK no 13 for skyphos with Peitho and Aphrodite (with flower in hand); Eros, 54f. Refuge in shrine of Apollo, GK nos 58, 64, 68, Athena, nos 72f, ?67, uncertain no 60. Black-figure still being made in fifth century, but giving way to red-figure invented in Athens c. 530. Black-figure had been devised by the Corinthians, c. 725-625, protocorinthian.
[178] Many useful correctives in Lloyd-Jones, but he often oversimplifies. See especially ch. 1 and its notes. Free will: Chantraine (2), Eustath, Il. 1686. It is too simple also to say with Otto (3) 124 that Zeus punishes the injustices of men, but the gods are not bound by human morality. Gods and men make up a single whole, and the gods represent both the moral and social consciousness of men in their totality and the daimonic world of impulse, desire, pure growth.
[179] Pohlenz 10 on simple harpagai of Helen. Hdt.: Aly; Jacoby RE suppl. ii (1913) 333; de Sanctis (1) 307f; Focke (1), (2); Page (1) 1ff; Momigliano (1), (2); W. Schmidt (1); SS i 2, 586 n1; GK 291-5.
[180] Logopoioi: Aly 59; W. Schmidt 1003; Legrand Hérod. i 10.
[181] Legrand Hérod, ii 142: Hdt. may have added passages in margin.
[182] Premerstein 636f; Legrand i 32. Delta: Chap. (1) 144. Hdt. follows Stes.: Pohlenz (2) 408; Wiedemann 435; C. Robert (2) 25. But we cannot tell from his text: Becker 87ff, SS i 3, 478; Grégoire 36. Hdt. may have merely heard tales in Egypt influenced by eidolon. No sign of it: Vürtheim 65, 71; he did not know of it, WM (10) 141. See also Seeliger 8.
[183] Hellanikos: fr. 153, Jac. (FGH i 369); De Sanctis (2) 12 thinks Hellanikos rationalized. Kanopos, Helmsman of Menelaos, snake-bitten, buried on site of later town: Str. xvii 801 etc.; Gruppe (1) 1569, Kanopos divinized with wife Menouthis; Isis who is in Menouthis, IG xiv 1005.
[184] FHG fr. 168, 234; Tzet. Lyk. 513. Age: Diod. iv 63, 2; Plout. Thes. xxxi; Paus. iii 18, 9; Hyg. Fab. 79; GK 218f; Louk. Dream and Dial. Gods 20.
[185] GK 309f; Fürtwangler (2) i 177; Beazley (3) 115 no. 34; GK 311; Dugas (7). Bowl, GK 311f; Eph. Arch. 1884 pl. 5; Courby 292.
[186] Zeus: Lloyd-Jones ch. iv; Coman 35; Geffken i 165; Daube 97; Ag. 699-707; P. Oxy 2256, fr. 9A frag. where Dikē herself appears. Paris: Ag. 60-5; Glotz 317 n3; Fraenkel Ag. ii 39 (v. 61), cf. Ag. 362-5; Il. xiii 623-5; Ag. 397-402, 748ff; Jouan (1) 185. Aischylos had the idea, developed by Euripides, of disproportion between act of one woman and its effects.
[187] Ag. 403ff, 689ff, 744-9. The lovers act against the will of Zeus; are not carrying it out.
[188] Kolossoi: Benveniste (2); Picard (19); Lauffer; van Hall 95; Fraenkel ii 218ff. Going too far to compare magical practices of Vergil’s shepherdess, van Hall 95; Fraenkel thinks only of statues like Attic korai. Eur. Protesilaos fr. 665; Alk. 341ff. Ag. 412ff, 416-9; also GK 126f.
[189] GK 94f, 90f; Lowy (1) fig. 21; Rumpf 109; Dugas (4) 87f. Metopes: GK 94f; Lowy (2); Picard (8) 198; Dugas (3) 53-9; Lippols (2) 149f; Praschniker 17ff, 98ff, figs. 9-12; M. Robertson 48, with bibliography.
[190] GK 59f; Beazley ARV 738 n1. Egg-shaped vase: GK 67 n1; krater of Katane, 164. Vatican: GK 254; Voigt.
[191] Oupis: surname Nemesis: IG xiv 1389 ii 2; Artemis, Kall, Hymn Art. 204. Delian maid: Euph. 103; Opis title of Artemis, Plat. Ax. 371a; Alex. Ait. iv 5; Hdt. iv 35 (hyperborean).
[192] Hes. Works 72-4. Temple at Sikyon: Hdt. viii III, Paus. ii 7, 7. At Athens statues of Peitho and Aphrodite P
andemos close together; at Megara her statue in temple of Aphrodite: Paus. i 43, 6; link with Theseus and unification of Attika, Paus. i 22, 3. Peitho and Artemis, ii 21, 1. As one of Charites: Souda; Paus. ix 35, 1.
[193] Or. 128, 1100-09, 1112; Hek. 928; Tro. 987f, 1036-9. Again, Tro. 891-4. 772f; Or. 126f, 1385ff; Hek. 269, 442, 635; Or. 79; Tro. 943; Andr. 592-5; Hel. 36ff; Or. 1640ff. Insults: Or. 507-11, 239f; IT 354ff; Or. 1387, 1389, 1584; Elek.1027; Tro. 1213; Andr. 103, 595. GK 139; Jouan; Lloyd-Jones 144-55. Hekabe invokes Zeus, Helen for all her mythologizing does not: Devereux Psychoanalytic Q. xxvi (1957) 378ff. Suitors: IA 49-65. Paris himself cuts timber for ships: Hek. 629-35. Stoning: Tro. 1039-41.
[194] Pollitt (1) 95-105; Paus. x 25, 1ff. Aithra, Theano, Antenor also there. Underworld: Medousa as daughter of Priam (Stesichoros): Paus. x 26; Paris beardless clapping hands ‘like some rude country fellow’ 31.
[195] Or. 1113; IA 385ff; Andr. 616-8; sch. to 616 tries vainly to reconcile with Homeric Menelaos; GK 137 n2; Andr. 627ff, cf. Or. 1287. Art type for meeting of Helen and Menelaos used for murder of Klytemnaistra: Brunn pl. 75-9; G. Matthies 105.
[196] GK 186f. Cypria: WM (5) 189. Not mid-fifth century as Robert thought, 1080 n1; GK 176. Hydria: Clairmont K 165; Dugas (8) 11f.
[197] Vulgarization: GK 130, 256f; Devambez; Stinton 51; Dugas (1) 64; Boardman (3) fig. 180; GK 131 n3; Kyk. 182ff (date 423).
[198] Ail. VH ii 8; Stinton app. 1; Jouan (1) 113-42; C. Robert (1) ii 982 n5. Pap. Strasb. 2.342-4; Ennius Alexandrinus and parts of Seneca’s Agamemnon. For Paris young: Ap., Hyg., Ovid, Varro, Servius; art including Etruscan urns and mirrors : Turk 1605f; Davreux 97-223; Wüst 1515-7. Asklepiades of Tragilos, Thrace, disciple of Isokrates, studied the play: sch. A Il. iii 325 (fr. 12 Jac.); an inscription shows it played still at Tegea, end of third century, Lefke 108; Jouan (1) 115. Source: Stesichoros, M. Mayer 54-8 (on his influence in Tro.); mythographer, WM (8) iii 260 n1 (at time one did not realize a king’s son could be a shepherd).
[199] Sceptre: Ar. Birds (414 BC, line 512; Snell (2) 34 n3. I ignore some difficulties of reconstruction not essential to our purpose. (In Andr. Eur. substitutes Kassandra for dream-interpreters, makes her prophesy straight after Paris’ birth.) Davreux 10f sees two traditions: via Cypria Kassandra as prophetess, via another cyclic epic presages and dreams, cf. Mason 87.) Urns: Jouan 122. Games, race or pentathlon. Tokens: Jouan (1) 130-3, GT (4) 336f: equation of mark and name, possible relation to clan-sign. In Philostr. Imag. i 26 the Horai scatter flowers on swaddling-bands of baby Hermes ‘so that they may not lack markings’. In Menandros we see how animal figures were traditional on metal ornaments or embroidered linen of babes: ‘Is it a bull or goat?’ ‘Is this a he-goat or an ox or some such beast?...That’s the attire they found me in as a child,’ Epit. 170-4, PK 631-60. There is clearly here a link with myths of the fostering beast. Relation of Eur.’s play to Pindar: Jouan (1) 137. Snell thinks Aphrodite made the doom statement; others, Apollo, Kassandra; Robert (1) ii 982 n5 says Hekate. Paris: Kuiper (2); Lefke; Snell (2); SS i 3, 475ff, Scheidweiler; Masqueray 2.54. Links with other Eur. plays: Jouan (1) 141.
[200] Soph., fr. 98P; 532; 99. Also Dion Chr. xv 10; Drac. Hel. 69; Jouan 139 n2, Nero. Aleades: Srebny 16-8.
[201] Delebecque (2) 257-61.
[202] C. Robert 978 & n3; GK 136; placing of prophecies; Jouan (1) 136.
[203] Hyg. Fab. 173; Stinton app. 1; urns, Brunn i, i—xvi, 1-34; in general Brunn-Korte, Schlie, Huddleston (Gr. Tragedy 10-15); dates GK z8o; Andromeda may come after truce of 421 BC: Page (7); Orestes, Delebecque 307ff dates 413, not 418; Jouan 139; IA is 405; Orestes? 408 (GK 301).
[204] Premerstein; Kuiper (1); Pisani; D. L. Drew; Goosens; SS i 3, 501ff; Italie; Grégoire; Campbell; Delebecque 322ff. Ref. to eidolon in epilogue of Elektra possibly an interpolation by someone trying to reconcile with Helene. Proteus as pharaoh, possibly from Hekataios or even Stesichoros: Grég. 35 Preuss sees Gorgias inspiring. Making Helen respectable: A. Y. Campbell; Becker 88-92; SS 503f; Delebecque (2) 332.
[205] Plan, 36-41; Judgement 22-30; Swan-Zeus 17-21; 254-9, 284; she laments beauty 260-6, 134-6, 143, shame has shortened the life of the Twins. Pharos: Duchemin; GK 298 n1. Flowers: Paus. viii 31, 2.
[206] Parody: Steiger, Verrall, Grégoire; romance, SS i 3, 1, 505; Rivier 176ff. Helen as Penelope: SS 503f and see n26 above. Comic: Steiger 200ff; Kuiper (1) 180ff; Maniet; Goosens (2) 572. Theme, cf. IT; Trenkner 50-5, 59-64; role of Theoklymenos from tale of Bousiris. Chorus: lines 1115-60. Date after Sicilian disaster: Becker 88; GK 296; Delebecque (2) 328ff (he is using theme from Sicilian Stes.); political impact, Grégoire 23f (against, SS i 3, 1, 512 n7); Geffcken i 207; Delebecque 326ff; GK 300. Thesmoph. date 411; parody 855ff.
[207] GK 141f, Pearson 57ff, 121-3, 86. Antenor: Pearson 86, 89; SS i 2, 444 & n6; WM (2) 186a; Welcker (4) 158ff; Paus. x 17; Str. 608; sch. Pind. Pyth. v 108 etc.
[208] Welcker (4) 158ff, GK 141 f, Dikaiopolis on tears at sight of picture; Arist. Poet. 16 (1455a I), SS i 843 n12, A. Reinach (Zeuxis). Diogenes: SS i 3, 516.
[209] Kyathos: GK 98 n3; BCH lxxiii (1949), 519, cf. satyr in Kyk. 177-80. Further, GK 142-4; Athen. xiii 563d; SS i 4, 76ff; Basket, Körte on P. Oxy. iv 69ff, Clairmont 84 n204. Paris: Méautis.
[210] Pearson 126f; Aristeides Dind. ii 399; Kyk. 185f; Lysis. 155f. Vases GK 144; Stinton 62; not all the humorous possibilities lost.
[211] Il. iii 100, vi 356, xxiv 28, cf. Eur. Hel. 640; Stinton 72; archē and aitia, Cornford (3) 58-70. Ships, Il. v 63, xxii 116, Hek. 631. Spring: Andr. 274-92, Hel. 676, Stinton 13ff. The Judgement seems largely ignored by writers between Cypria and Sophokles, Euripides.
[212] In general, Nahm 229-39; Jaeger Paideia i 286ff; Pohlenz (2) 157; 391 & (3) 167; Kennedy (1) 168f; Blass i 2, 192ff; Diès 192; Demand; Becker 62 n12; Zucker; Freeman 362. GK 145-53; E. Maass; Grégoire 28f; SS i 3, 72 nn2, 6f. Art: Pollitt (a) 125; logos Sycutris; Untersteiner 140ff; Zeus, Chap. (2) 19. Date: Preuss 9ff; Bruns 88. Date of Tro. 415, Helen 412; see Orsini. G. and Art: Duncan. He saw orator as psychagogos: Untersteiner 119f; Segal.
[213] GK 292; Book 1 init.; Gomme i 108; Cornford (3) ch. 5, chs. 12f.
[214] GK 148f; Muller Orat. Att. ii 199, 4; Kennedy (1) 172f; Walberer; Blass thinks by a sophist such as Polykrates; Scholl thought it later, third or second century. Delphoi: Wüst 1500; GK 256f; Helen and Apollo 257. Old tradition and late versions: Wüst 1500. Antisthenes: Müller ii 195 (182, 1).
[215] Isokrates: BC 436-338. Grégoire 28 n1; Kennedy (1) 174ff & (2). Mathieu (2) 158f & (1) 25; Blass ii 243ff; SS i 3, 72. Leda: Chap. (2) 19. Howland sees Helen as reply to Plato’s Phaidros; Kennedy (1) 188. Olympikos: Jaeger (2) 18; Diels Vors. ii fr. B7-8a.
[216] Arist. Rhet. 1401b 22 & 34; 1397b 27, 1938b 23. Sauppe (also Müller ii 314f) thinks it by Hyperides. Hyperides ch. 36.
[217] C. Robert (6), (7) & (8); Welcker (5); Lowy (1); Picard (8); Dugas (3); Rumpf 93; Dugas (4) ch. 1; Pollitt (2) 122; Chap. (1) 224; Plat. Gorg. 448 & sch.; Plin. xxxv 138.
[218] GK 327f, 325f, 61-6, 32.8f; Picard (7) i 332. Breast: Clairmont 109. Zeuxis: Pollitt (1) 154-8; A. Reinach 154ff; (1) 166.
[219] Lyre: Il. iii 120-36; GK 218f; Kaibel (2) thought Theok.’s aim to commemorate origins of Helen’s cult at Sparta; Becker denies 102, Legrand 80, Khafaga. See also epigrams, Peplos of Aristotle, Diehl ii 171, fr. 3, and fr. 61 (lament Paris).
[220] Bion ii 9ff; Theok. xxvii; Lament for Bion 78f (attributed to Moschos, even to Theok., but probably by pupil of Bion in south Italy) compares Bion with Homer who sang ‘the lovely daughter of Tyndareos’ etc. Kall. Hymn iii 23iff. Tebt. pap. I, 1-4; Diehl ii fasc. 6 p. 201; GK 205.
[221] Date: Mair 481ff; Ziegler 2365ff; Geffcken (2); WM (6) ii 143-64; GK 206-11. Oinone: Parthen. 4; Kephalon (i.e. Hegesianax) Troica (45F 2 Jac.) cf. Konon 23 (26F1); Stinton 40-2; P. Oxy. 2362 (Snell fr. 20d); Str. 596; Il. xvi 738.
[222] Welcker (2) ii 92 & (1) 140; Konon 23; Parth. 4 & 34. Spring: sch. Andr. 285.
[223] Stinton 44 n1, also for modern Greek FT. He
llenistic: Robert (1) 982ff; Krischan. Philostr. Her. 664 Kaiser; Philolaos as Aklepios: Paus. iii 22, 7. Also Radermacher (2) 23; Stinton 44 n2 & 59.
[224] Lyk. 56-68. Kephalon (Kephalion): Athen. 393d; RE sv Hegesianax. Cf. Ap. iii 12, 6; Kon. 23; Robert (1) 984f; Tzet. like Lyk. sends him to the Greeks; Scheer ii 41; WM thought it from Hellanikos.
[225] Korythos: Knossos Dv 1310; Hesych. sv. trochilos, perikephaleia; Apollo, Bull. Soc. R. Lettres de Lund (1828-9) iv 39f. Sparta: Polem. Hist. 86; Hesych. sv kyrittoi & korythallia; Athen. 109c, 115e. Lyk. 69ff (? from Hellanikos) on Elektra etc; her husband was Korythos; we come here on the obscure Kabeiric myths of Samothrace (JL (2) 187f), Serv. Aen. i 32, ii 325, iii 104, Vii 207 etc., Tzet. Lyk. 29. She is linked with palladion of Troy; becomes a Pleiad with six sisters; fabulous island AR i 916.
[226] Lyk. 86-9. 143, 505-7, 102f; Holzinger 187. Pephnos, Paus. iii 26, 2. Ship (Scheer ii 54), GK 208f, Kranae 209 n2. Oinone used for Aigine, Lyk. 175.
[227] Sch. ABDT Il. v 64; Lyk. 132 (Scheer ii 63); Bethe (4) 301; Geffcken (2) 576; Holzinger 185; Wüst 1500ff; attributed to Hellanikos, FHG iv 637, but perhaps Lyk.’s invention. Bear-nurse, Lyk. 138. For the Bear-Son see R. Carpenter. Bear in modern Greek cults, Kakouri 34, 42.
[228] Lyk. 171-3; GK 3, 211; no mention of union in Leuke. For Lyk. Helen is the woman with five lovers and three husbands. A papyrus of probably Augustan epoch treats of causes of war of Troy: Schubart (2.) 22; G. Bond JEA (1953), 130; GK 203 n2; uncertain if reference to contraband or Paris come stealthily as a trader. He is an `unjust judge’.
[229] Becker 106; UK 212-19; Jouan (1) 31, but see Sev. (2) 2, 92. Ninnius (? Naevius); Kroll RE xvii 1634 (Ninn. 6). For Euripides, Collart Rev. Ph. xvi (1943) 31. Aen. ii 309, 571-4; vi 494ff. Not Vergil’s invention: F. Noach RhM xlviii (1893), 430.
[230] Catullus 68, 101-4; Hor. Sat. i 3, 107; ep. 17, 42-4; Ovid Ars i 54 & 681-4 etc. Propertius ii I & 3.