Hirsi Ali, Ayaan, 193, 244, 257, 261, 268–269, 323
hisba, 62, 80–81
human rights, 5, 16, 19, and throughout
redefined by “defamation” notion, 4, 206
violations of, 38, 105, and throughout
See also Cairo Declaration; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
human rights commissions, 211, 227, 251, 321, 326
in Muslim-majority countries, 30, 94, 97, 110, 111, 314
repress free speech, 321–322. See also Levant, Ezra; Steyn, Mark
See also UN
Human Rights Council. See UN, Human Rights Council
Ibrahim, Saad Eddin, 75, 79, 81, 273
ICCPR, 203, 215, 218–219, 220–221, 225, 235–236
ICERD (also CERD), 203, 215, 221, 224–225, 235
identity cards
religion indicated on, 63–65, 130, 167
problem for Alevis, 130
problem for Baha’is, 63–65
problem for Christians, 68–71, 167
Imam, Twelfth, 36, 41, 49
imams, 31, 37, 202, 253, 260, 267, 275, 284
African, 147, 262
American, 76
Asian, 96, 98–99, 149, 154
Danish, 174, 186–187
Dutch, 243–244, 270, 278, 280
Middle Eastern, 130, 152, 203
other European, 7, 31, 271, 275
Indonesia, 149, 150–151, 158–164, 165–166, 172
recognizes only six faiths, 158
response to Danish cartoons, 11, 189, 190
Iran, 35–60, 308
on Danish cartoons, 190
on Regensburg address, 196, 198
on Satanic Verses, 177–183
oppressive to minority religions, 310, 311
Iraq, 3, 41, 55, 61, 186, and throughout
response to Danish cartoons, 177, 187, 190, 191
response to Regensburg address, 197, 198, 199
Shia-Sunni tensions in, 26
Islamophobia, 207–208, 211–214, 223–224, 318, and throughout
Ismailis, 7, 21–22, 27–28, 102, 131, 311
Israel, 41, 57, 60, and throughout
accused of espionage, 41, 43, 48–49
and Palestinian conflict, 34, 207, 237
calls for destruction of, 49, 177
See also Jews
Jahangir, Asma, UN Special Rapporteur, 94, 214–215, 224, 314
Jami, Ehsan, 281–282
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 158, 161, 237
Jews, 8, 9, 329 and throughout
as religious minority, 36, 63, 102, 124, 127, 131
deemed conspirators against Islam, 24, 26, 105, 279
Muslim hostility to, 22, 23, 32, 190, 204
See also Israel
John Paul II, Pope, 54, 198, 239, 240
Jordan, 118, 122–123, 166, 196, and throughout
lays charges against Wilders, 203
Joy, Lina, 167–168
Judaism, 62, 63, 263, 433n6
Jyllands-Posten, Danish newspaper, 177, 184–194
threatened with violence, 193–194
See also Danish cartoons
Kaaba (Kaabah), 15, 166, 264
Kadivar, Mohsen, 54–55, 315
Kambakhsh, Sayed Pervez, 112–114
Karzai, Hamid, Afghani president, 102, 105–114, 190
Kelek, Necla, 273–274
Khader, Naser, 16, 207, 276–277
Khamenei, Ayatollah Sayyid Ali, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–) 35, 37, 42, 49, 53, 59, 180, 190, 196, 315
Khomeini, Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–89) 3–4, 7, 35–38, 50, 55, 57–60, 177–183, 310, 315
Hirsi Ali on, 244
Mahfouz on, 81
See also Rushdie, Salman
Klausen, Jytte, 16, 194, 264–265, 324
Koran. See Qur’an
Kuwait, 85, 190–191
Last Temptation of Christ (film), 234
Lehto, Seppo, 240
Liberal Islam Network, 162–163
Libya, 118, 249
reaction to Danish cartoons, 189, 194
reaction to Regensburg address, 196
treatment of apostasy, 9, 310, 376n76
Life of Brian (film), 234, 252
Lotfi, Mojtaba, 57–58
lynching, 8, 88
Mahdavi, Saeed Mir Hussein, 110–111, 370n45, 370n48
Mahfouz, Naguib, 8, 14, 34, 72, 77, 81
Malaysia, 7, 149–151, 164–170
debate on apostasy laws, 298
Maldives, 150, 170–172
ban some writings of Saeed, 288
Mali, 20
Mandaeans, 36, 376n76
Manji, Irshad, 279, 326
Mansour, Ahmed Subhy, 8, 74, 78–80, 81, 273
Mauritania, 311
Mecca, 7, 15, 24, 30, 91, 139, 142, and throughout
2005 OIC meeting at, 11, 27, 187, 216–217
Grand Mosque in, 22, 29
pilgrimage to, 26, 91
Medina, 27, 142, 152
See also Mecca
mobs, 8–9, 88, 142, and throughout
attack Ahmadis, 149, 159–160
attack Alevis, 130
attack Christians, 66, 83, 94, 136
attack churches, 8, 66, 83, 94, 121
attack homes and property, 66, 83, 94
attack Muslims, 96–99, 142, 163
attack publishers, 88
out of state control, 10
surround courtrooms, 93
mohareb, 59, 315
Montazeri, Grand Ayatollah Hussein Ali, 7, 56–59
Morocco, 11, 117, 118, 124–127, 131, 197, 311
Mubarak, Hosni, Egyptian president, 62, 63, 72, 76, 143
Muhammad, Prophet of Islam, xvii, 98, 142, and throughout
depiction of, 105, 185–186
last of the prophets, 14, 20, 41, 89
not to be insulted, xvii, 30, 31, 37, 86, 88, and throughout
See also Rushdie, Salman; Satanic Verses
Muslim Brotherhood, 62, 216, 282
in Egypt, 73, 74, 76, 79, 81
in Sudan, 140, 141, 148
on Danish cartoons, 186, 188, 191
on Regensburg address, 195–196, 198
Muslim Canadian Congress (MCC), 250, 278, 326
See also Steyn, Mark
Muslim population of the world, xxi, 200, 302, 308
Namazie, Maryam, 252, 281
Nasab, Ali Mohaqeq, 111–112, 314
Nasreen, Taslima, 152, 154–155, 193
Nasser, Gamel Abdel, Egyptian president, 62, 63
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 174, 308–309
in Afghanistan, 9, 34, 108
Nazir-Ali, Bishop Michael, 271–272, 284
Netherlands, 201–203, 243, 245–246, 261, 267
Muslim emigrants to, 34, 268, 278, 281, 293, 323
potential Islamization of, 202, 238, 245, 270, 282
See also Van Gogh, Theo; Wilders, Geert
Nigeria, 19, 133, 134, 135–138, 190, 194, 319
Nobel Prize winners from Muslim-majority nations, 45, 81, 89, 127
Nomani, Asra, 275
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
critics of rights violations, 175, 209–210, 217
personnel endangered, 153, 187, 188, 209–211
Noor, Kadra, 275
Nouri, Abdollah, 56–57
Nuba Muslims. See Sudan
OIC (Organization of the Islamic Conference)
2005 Mecca meeting, 27, 187, 205, 216, 217
champions blasphemy/hate-speech bans, 175, 178
fomented anger over Danish cartoons, 4, 174, 309
on Danish cartoons, 186, 187
on Fitna, 202–203
on Regensburg address, 196, 198–199
on Satanic Verses, 181
See also defamation of religion(s)
Pakistan, 8–9, 83–100, and throughout
drifts from pluralism to Isla
mic law, 84–85
on Danish cartoons, 190
on Fitna, 203
on Regensburg address, 196
on Satanic Verses, 180, 182–183
represses religious minorities, 89–97
represses religious reformers, 97–99
Parsis. See Zoroastrians
Paryani, Nazari, 115
Payman Daily, 115
Pin, Ayah. See Sky Kingdom
pluralism
implications for Islam, 299–301
Presbyterian(s), 46, 103, 189
Prophet, the. See Muhammad
proselytism, 49, 159
alleged, 102–103, 108, 125, and throughout
harsh punishments for, 102, 119
Qaradawi, Sheikh, 216, 246, 283, 318
equivocates on apostasy law, 13, 280, 433n16
extreme views of, 251, 324
on Danish cartoons, 188
on Redeker, 259
on Shias, 433n5
Qur’an, 22, and throughout
allegedly desecrated, 9, 11, 14, 29, 94, 96, 108
distinguished from Sunna, 32, 75, 79
Muhammad’s role in writing, 26, 53
on non-believers in Allah, 282–283
quoted by Abu-Zayd, 291
quoted by Saeed, 298
quoted by Wahid, xviii–xxii
Qur’anic interpretation, 23, 76, 277
Qur’anic scholarship, 281, 289–294
Quranists, political movement, 8, 79–80, 273
Rahman, Arifur, 156–158
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, Danish prime minister, 184–188, 276
Redeker, Robert, 16, 259–260, 323
Regensburg address of Benedict XVI, 195–199, 259
consequent murders, 139, 199
diplomatic fallout from, 196, 198–199
Rehman, Shabana, 276
Rice, Condoleezza, US Secretary of State, 218
“right not to be offended,” 206, 232–233, 235, 252, 254
Rose, Flemming, 185, 192–194, 308
Rowhani, Ruhollah, 45, 60
Roy, Muhammad Yusman, 163
Rushdie, Salman, 3, 177, and throughout
fatwa against, 177, 179
forced into hiding, 177, 181
initially unapologetic, 180
offers ineffective apologies, 180–182
resumes public life, 177
See also Khomeini, Grand Ayatollah; Satanic Verses
Sabuni, Nyamko, 274, 326
Sadat, Anwar, Egyptian president, 62, 72
Saeed, Abdullah, 171, 288, 325
essay by, 295–303
Santosa, Teguh, 163–164
Sarkozy, Nicolas, French president, 15, 238, 242, 269, 271
Satanic Verses, The (novel), 177, 179–184
and blasphemy laws, 234
attempted murders sparked by, 92, 182, 183
banning of, 180, 181, 182, 183
burning of, 180, 318
murders sparked by, 177, 183
threats connected with, 93, 182, 183
See also Rushdie, Salman; Satanic Verses, The; self-censorship
Saudi Arabia, 3, 4, 6, 7, 21–34, and throughout
on Danish cartoons, 186, 191
on Fitna, 203
on Satanic Verses, 180
represses religious minorities, 24–29
represses religious reformers, 30–33
See also Al-Ghamdi; Wahhabi Islam
Sbai, Souad, 275
self-censorship, 12, 264, 286, 324
of actors, 264, 266
of artists, 266, 325
of bookstores, 180, 324, 325
of censorship-monitoring groups, 265, 324, 325
of dramatic productions, 263–264, 325
of galleries and museums, 263, 264, 266
of news media, 16, 260
of publishers, 16, 265, 266, 324, 325
of television shows, 266
of universities, 324
of writers, 324
Sethi, Najam, 99
Shaikh, Mohammad Younas, 97–98
sharia, 208–210, 217, 276, and throughout
combined with secular law, 62, 122, 164
conflicts with rights-based law, 206
encroaches upon secular law, 62, 85, 135
official law of the land, 22, 131, 138, 141, 170
original meaning of, xviii
rejected by Western countries, 207, 227, 250, 261, 278
some practices required by, 111
Sharif, Omar, 283
Shia Islam, 3, 129–130, 186, 297
Shias, adherents of Shia Islam
as religious minority, 22, 72, 84, 102, 122, 124, 131
deemed heretical or non-Muslim, 25, 26, 96, 164, 169
persecuted or repressed by Sunnis, 25, 73, 96, 109
Shinwari, Fazil Hadi, Afghani Chief Justice, 104–105, 110, 370n48
Sima, Samar, 9, 109–110
Sistany, Ali Reza Payam, 110–111
Sisters in Islam, 166, 170, 172, 317, 387n76
Sky Kingdom (“Teapot Group”), 169–170
Sogaard, Runar, 271
Somalia, 10, 133, 134, 138–140, 311
reaction to Danish cartoons, 188
reaction to Regensburg address, 198
Soroush, Abdolkarim, 53, 56
South and Southeast Asia, 10, 149–172
Steyn, Mark, 12, 243, 257
prosecuted for Maclean’s piece, 227–228
stoning, 47, 96
for adultery, 9, 104, 111, 114–115, 147, 239, 244, 312
Submission (film), 244, 261, 263, 268, 318
denounced by Dutch Arabs, 262
See also Hirsi Ali, Ayaan; van Gogh, Theo
Sudan, 10, 11, 19, 133–135, 140–148, 309
commits Nuba genocide, 133–134
condemned by UN report, 145–146, 205–206
imposes sharia law, 141
Sufi Islam, xix, xxi, 134
Sufis, adherents of SufiIslam, 8, 14, 20, and throughout
persecuted 22, 23, 29, 51–52, 138, 311
Sultan, Wafa, 246, 273, 282–283
Sunna (Sunnah), tradition ascribed to Muhammad
distinguished from Qur’an, xvii, 32, 75
linked with Qur’an, 22, 84, 85
Mansour on, 78–79
See also hadith; Qur’an
Sunni Islam, 3, 4, 10, 28, and throughout
See also Wahhabi Islam
Sunnis, adherents of Sunni Islam, 7, 9, 30, and throughout
as religious minority, 36, 50
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