Taha, Mohamed Mahmoud, 135, 141, 142–144, 148, 316
Taha, Mohammed, 147
Taliban, 102, 178, 236, 247
in Afghanistan, 101, 102–105, 107–108, 112, 115
in Pakistan, 92, 94, 96–97, 100
in response to Danish cartoons, 189
Talibi, Musa, 44–45, 60
Tantawi, Muhammad Sayyed, Grand Sheikh of Al-Azhar University 65, 66, 75, 210–211
Taoists, 164
Taseer, Salman, Governor of Punjab, 99–100, 216, 319, 326
Teapot Group. See Sky Kingdom
“Teddy Bear” blasphemy, 145, 253
Tunisia, 63, 193, 259
Turkey, 30, 47, 117, 127–130, 189
blasphemy law in, 232, 233
has peculiar religion/state position, 118, 132, 312
on Danish cartoons, 174
on Fitna, 203
on Regensburg address, 196, 198
on Satanic Verses, 183
See also Alevis
ulema (also ulama), body of Muslim scholars, xx, 55, 84, 302
ulema (also ulama) councils, 105, 111, 113, 115, 149, 159, 163
UN (United Nations)
and defamation resolutions. See defamation of religion(s)
Commission on Human Rights, 146, 175, 206, 209, 211–213, 216, 221–222
General Assembly, xxi, 146, 205, 206, 211, 212, 216, 320
Human Rights Council, 11, 119, 175, 203, 205–225
throughout, 305, 319, 320
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, 209, 211, 216, 218
UN Special Rapporteurs, 10, 16, 135, 320, 341n13
called blasphemous, 135, 146, 175, 209, 316
joint statement of, 224, 226
on freedom of opinion and expression, 206, 218, 224
on freedom of religion, 207, 214–215, 224, 254
on racism, 11, 209, 213–214, 223, 224
on Sudan, 11, 205, 209
threatened, 11, 135, 206
United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), 85
United Kingdom (U.K.). See Britain.
United States of America (U.S.), 119, 174, 184, and throughout
Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), 23, 43, 87, 144
in Afghanistan, 101, 102, 104, 108–109, 188, 236
on defamation resolutions, 216
on freedom of speech, 218, 219, 222–223, 235–237
State Department, 22, 87, 91, 222, 223, 319, 322, 329
See also defamation of religion(s); hate-speech laws
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), xviii, xxi, 320
Baha’i appeal to, 45
in tension with Algerian law, 119
in tension with Yemen’s constitution, 131
subordinated to sharia principles, 208–209
supported by many Muslims, 296
van Gogh, Theo, 261
murder of, 261–263, 282
produced intimidation, 263, 268, 270
sparked violence, 262
See also Hirsi Ali, Ayaan; Submission; Wilders, Geert
veiling of women, 67
enforced by murder, 140
Muslim critics of, 35, 75, 171
secularized Muslim critics of, 244, 274, 275
Western critics of, 15, 247
Venice Commission. See Council of Europe (CoE)
Vilks, Lars, 199–200
Wadud, Amina, 276
Wahhabi Islam, 7, 166, 186, 229, 275, 316, 322
defined, 22, 289–290
See also Saudi Arabia, 21–34 throughout
Wahid, Kyai Haji Abdurrahman, 13, 159, 161, 290
essay on blasphemy and apostasy, xvii–xxii
Warraq, Ibn, 281, 323
Westergaard, Kurt, 185, 202, 203, 324
target of assassination plan, 193
victim of home invasion, 194
Wilders, Geert, Dutch MP, 123, 178, 269–270, 282, 290
condemns Arafat, 269
driven into hiding, 268, 270
makes harsh remarks on Qur’an, 201, 270
produces Fitna, 201–202
prosecuted for hate speech, 245–246
refused entry into Britain, 246
See also Jami, Ehsan; van Gogh, Theo
women’s rights under Islam, 166, 229, 273–275, 311, 326
Al-Turabi on, 148
Amnesty International on, 211
Ates on, 273
Bousakla on, 259
Hirsi Ali on, 244, 268
Kambakhsh on, 112–113
Manji on, 279
Nasreen on, 154–155
NGOs on, 210
Sultan on, 283
Taha on, 142–143
See also veiling of women
Yale University Press, 194, 264–265, 324, 325
Yemen, 9, 19, 119, 130–131, 187, 216, 312
on Regensburg address, 196
Zalmai, Ghaus, 114–115, 311
Zoroastrians (Parsis), 36, 49–50, 84
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Authors and Contributors
Foreword PART I INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction PART II MUSLIM-MAJORITY COUNTRIES
Introduction to Muslim-Majority Countries
2. Saudi Arabia
3. Iran
4. Egypt
5. Pakistan
6. Afghanistan
7. The Greater Middle East
8. Africa
9. South and Southeast Asia PART III THE GLOBALIZATION OF BLASPHEMY 10. Islam and Blasphemy on the International Stage, 1989–2011
11. Legitimizing Repression: Blasphemy Restrictions in the United Nations
12. Religiously Incorrect: Islam, Blasphemy, and Hate Speech in Western Domestic Law
13. Enforcement by Violence and Intimidation
Introduction to Western Countries and International Blasphemy PART IV MUSLIM CRITICISM OF APOSTASY AND BLASPHEMY LAWS 14. Renewing Qur’anic Studies in the Contemporary World by Nasr Hamid Abu-Zayd
15. Rethinking Classical Muslim Law of Apostasy and the Death Penalty by Abdullah Saeed
Introduction PART V CONCLUSIONS 16. Conclusions
Notes
Index
Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes Are Choking Freedom Worldwide Page 80