Dark Matter of the Mind
Page 51
———. 1968. The Thinking of Thoughts. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan.
Sakel, Jeanette. 2012a. “Acquiring Complexity: The Portuguese Spoken by Pirahã Men.” Linguistic Discovery 10:75–88.
———. 2012b. “Transfer and Language Contact: The Case of Pirahã.” International Journal of Bilingualism 16:307–40.
Sakel, Jeanette, and Daniel L. Everett. 2012. Linguistic Field Work: A Student Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sakel, Jeanette, and Eugenie Stapert. 2010. “Pirahã—In Need of Recursive Syntax?” In Recursion and Human Language, edited by Harry van der Hulst, 3–16. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Sapir, E. 2001. “Why Cultural Anthropology Needs the Psychiatrist.” Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 64 (1): 2–10.
Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harvest Books.
———. 1928. “The Unconscious Patterning of Behavior in Society.” In The Unconscious: A Symposium by C. M. Child et al., with an introduction by Ethel S. Dummer, 114–42. New York: A. A. Knopf.
———. 1929. “The Status of Linguistics as a Science.” Language 5 (4): 207–14.
———. 1934. “The Emergence of the Concept of Personality in the Study of Cultures.” Journal of Psychology 5:408–15.
———. 1985. Selected Writings in Language, Culture, and Personality. Edited by David G. Mandelbaum. Berkeley: University of California Press.
———. 1993. The Psychology of Culture: A Course of Lectures. Edited by Judith Irvine. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
de Saussure, Ferdinand. (1916) 2012. A Course in General Linguistics. Chicago: Open Court.
Saville-Troike, Muriel. 1982. The Ethnography of Communication: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Schama, Simon. 1997. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age. New York: Vintage.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 1984. “On Some Gestures’ Relation to Talk.” In Structures of Social Action, edited by J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage, 266–98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. 2013. “Family Life as Bricolage: Reflections on Intimacy and Attachment in Death without Weeping.” In Different Faces of Attachment, edited by Hiltrud Otto and Heidi Keller, 230–62. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schönpflug, Ute, ed. 2008. Cultural Transmission: Psychological, Developmental, Social, and Methodological Aspects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, John. 1970. Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 1972. “Chomsky’s Revolution in Linguistics.” New York Review of Books, June 29, 16–24.
———. 1978. “Literal Meaning.” Erkenntnis 1:207–24.
———. 1980a. “‘Las Meninas’ and the Paradoxes of Pictorial Representation.” Critical Inquiry 6 (3): 477–88.
———. 1980b. “Minds, Brains and Programs.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3): 417–57. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00005756.
———. 1983. Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 1997. The Mystery of Consciousness. New York: New York Review of Books.
———. 2006. “What Is Language?” Unpublished paper. http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~jsearle/whatislanguage.pdf.
———. 2010. Making the Social World: The Structure of Human Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Segall, M. H., D. T. Campbell, and M. J. Herskovits. 1966. The Influence of Culture on Visual Perception. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
Selkirk E. 1984. “On the Major Class Features and Syllable Theory.” In Language and Sound Structures: Studies in Phonology, edited by Mark Aronoff and Richard T. Oehrle, 107–36. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Shannon, Claude E. 1949. “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Shapiro, Lawrence. 2010. Embodied Cognition. London: Routledge.
Sherzer, Joel. 1991. Verbal Art in San Blas: Kuna Culture through Its Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shipman, Pat. 2015. The Invaders: How Humans and Their Dogs Drove Neanderthals to Extinction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Silverstein, Michael. 1979. “Language Structure and Linguistic Ideology.” In The Elements: A Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levels, edited by R. Cline, W. Hanks, and C. Hofbauer, 193–247. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
———. 2003. “Indexical Order and the Dialectics of Sociolinguistic Life.” Language and Communication 23:193–229.
———. 2004. “Cultural Concepts and the Language-Culture Nexus.” Current Anthropology 45 (5): 621–52.
Silverstein, Michael, and Greg Urban, eds. 1996. Natural Histories of Discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Simon, Herbert A. 1962. “The Architecture of Complexity.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106(6): 467–82.
———. 1990. Reason in Human Affairs. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
———. 1991. Models of My Life: The Remarkable Autobiography of the Nobel Prize Winning Social Scientist and Father of Artificial Intelligence. New York: Basic Books.
———. 1996. The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Skinner, B. F. 1957. Verbal Behavior. New York: Appelton-Century-Crofts.
Skipper, Jeremy I., Susan Goldin-Meadow, Howard C. Nusbaum, and Steven L. Small. 2009. “Gestures Orchestrate Brain Networks for Language Understanding.” Current Biology 19 (8): 661–67.
Slatkin, Montgomery, and Laurent Excoffier. 2012. “Serial Founder Effects during Range Expansion: A Spatial Analog of Genetic Drift.” Genetics. 191 (1): 171–81.
Soames, Scott. 2010. What Is Meaning? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sommer, Barbara. 1992. “Cognitive Performance and the Menstrual Cycle.” In Cognition and the Menstrual Cycle, edited by John T. Richardson, 39–66. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Sontag, Susan. 2013. Susan Sontag: Essays of the 1960s and 70s. New York: Library of America.
Spelke, E. S. 1990. “Principles of Object Perception.” Cognitive Science 14 (1): 29–56.
Spelke, Elizabeth S. 2013. “Developmental Sources of Social Divisions.” In Neurosciences and the Human Person: New Perspectives on Human Activities. Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Scripta Varia 121, edited by A. M. Battro, S. Dehaene, and W. J. Singer. Vatican City. www.casinapioiv.va/content/dam/accademia/pdf/sv121/sv121-spelke.pdf.
Sperber, Dan, and Deidre Wilson. 1995. Relevance: Communication and Cognition. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Stanovich, Keith E. 2005. The Robot’s Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Steels, L. 2005. “The Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Structure: From Lexical to Grammatical Communication Systems.” Connection Science 17:213–30.
Stenzel, Kristine. 2005. “Multilingualism in the Northwest Amazon, Revisted.” Memorias del Congresso de Idiomas Indigenas de Latinoamerica, II. AILLA, University of Texas, Austin.
Sterelny, Kim. 2014. The Evolved Apprentice: How Evolution Made Humans Unique. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press / A Bradford Book.
Stevenson, Leslie. 2000. The Study of Human Nature: A Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stivers, Tanya, N. J. Enfield, Penelope Brown, Christina Englert, Makoto Hayashi, Trine Heinemann, Gertie Hoymann, Frederico Rossano, Jan Peter de Ruiter, Kyung-Eun Yoon, and Stephen C. Levinson. 2009. “Universals and Cultural Variation in Turn-Taking in Conversation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS) 106 (26): 10587–92.
Tedlock, Dennis, and Bruce Mannheim. 1995. The Dialogic Emergence of Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Tinbergen, Niko. 1963. “On Aims and Methods of Ethology.” Zeitschrift fur Ti
erpsychologie 20:410–33.
Tomasello, Michael. 1999. The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
———. 2008. Origins of Human Communication. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
———. 2014. A Natural History of Human Thinking. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Thomason, Sarah Grey. 2008. “Does Language Contact Simplify Grammars?” Plenary address at the annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft, Bamberg, Germany, February 29.
Tooby, Joel. 2014. “Learning and Culture.” Edge. What Scientific Question Is Ready for Retirement? Annual Question series. http://edge.org/response-detail/25343.
Tooby, John, and Leda Cosmides. 1992. “The Psychological Foundations of Culture.” In The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture, edited by J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, and J. Tooby, 19–136. New York: Oxford University Press.
Treisman, A. 1991. “Search, Similarity and the Integration of Features between and within Dimensions.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 17:652–76.
Trudgill, Peter. 2011. Sociolinguistic Typology: Social Determinants of Linguistic Complexity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Turing, Alan M. 1952. “The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis.” Philosophical Transactions B 237:37–72.
Turner, Stephen P. 2013. Understanding the Tacit. London: Routledge.
Twain, Mark. (1916) 1995. The Mysterious Stranger. Literary Classics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
Tylor, Edward. (1871) 1920. Primitive Culture. Vol. 1. New York: J. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Unger, Peter. 2014. Empty Ideas: A Critique of Analytical Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Urban, Greg. 2000. A Discourse-Centered Approach to Culture. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Van Valin, Robert D., Jr. 2005. Exploring the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2006. “Semantic Macroroles and Language Processing.” In Semantic Role Universals and Argument Linking: Theoretical, Typological and Psycholinguistic Perspectives, edited by Ina Bornkessel, Matthias Schlesewsky, Bernard Comrie, and Angela D. Friederici, 263–302. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Van Valin, Robert D., Jr., and Randy LaPolla. 1997. Syntax: Structure, Meaning, and Function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vogt, Evon Z., and Ethel M. Albert. 1966. People of Rimrock: A Study of Values in Five Cultures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Vygotsky, Lev S. 1978. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Edited by Michael Cole. Harvard University Press.
Wallace, Anthony F. C. 1970. Culture and Personality. New York: Random House.
Walton, Kerry D., L. Benavides, N. Singh, and N. Hatoum. 2005. “Long-Term Effects of Microgravity on the Swimming Behaviour of Young Rats.” Journal of Physiology 565 (2): 609–26. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.074393.
Walton, Kerry, C. Hefferman, D. Sulica, and L. Benavides. 1997. “Changes in Gravity Influence Rat Postnatal Motor System Development: From Simulation to Space Flight.” Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 10 (2):111–18.
Watson, Duane, and Edward Gibson. 2004. “The Relationship between Intonational Phrasing and Syntactic Structure in Language Production.” Language and Cognitive Processes 19 (6): 713–55.
Webster, Richard. 1996. Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science, and Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.
Weinreich, Uriel, William Labov, and Marvin I. Herzog. 1968. “Empirical Foundations for a Theory of Language Change.” In Directions for Historical Linguistics, edited by W. Lehmann and Y. Malkiel, 95–189. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Wells, Rulon S. 1947. “Immediate Constituents.” Language 23:81–117.
Whitaker, D., and P. V. McGraw. 2000. “Long-Term Visual Experience Recalibrates Human Orientation Perception.” Nature Neuroscience 3 (1): 13.
White, Douglas R. and Ulla C. Johansen. 2006. Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems: Process Models of a Turkish Nomad Clan. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
White, Leslie A. 1949. The Science of Culture. New York: Grove Press.
Whitehead, Hal, and Luke Rendell. 2014. The Cultural Lives of Whales and Dolphins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1996. Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wilke, Andreas, John M. C. Hutchinson, Peter M. Todd, and Daniel J. Kruger. 2006. “Is Risk Taking Used as a Cue in Mate Choice?” Evolutionary Psychology 4:367–93.
Wilkins, David P. 1999. “Spatial Deixis in Arrernte Speech and Gesture: On the Analysis of a Species of Composite Signal as Used by a Central Australian Aboriginal Group.” Paper 6 in Proceedings of the Workshop on Deixis, Demonstration and Deictic Belief in Multimedia Contexts, held on occasion of ESSLI XI, edited by Elisabeth André, Massimo Poesio, and Hannes Rieser, 31–45. Workshop held in the section “Language and Computation” as part of the Eleventh European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information, August 9–20, 1999, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Wilson, E. O. 1975. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Belknap Press.
———. 1978. On Human Nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Winawer, J., N. Witthoft, M. C. Frank, L. Wu, A. R. Wade, and L. Boroditsky. 2007. “Russian Blues Reveal Effects of Language on Color Discrimination.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS) 104 (19): 7780–85.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. (1922) 1998. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
———. (1953) 2009. Philosophical Investigations. Edited by P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
———. (1958) 1965. The Blue and Brown Books: Preliminary Studies for the Philosophical Investigations. New York: Harper Torchbooks.
Yang, Charles. 2015. “Negative Knowledge from Positive Evidence.” Language 91 (4): 938–53.
Yoon, J. M. D. 2012. “Vision and Revision: Cue-Triggered Perceptual Reorganization of Two-Tone Images in U.S. Preschool Children and Adults.” PhD diss., Stanford University.
Yoon, J. M. D., N. Whitthoft, J. Winawer, M. C. Frank, D. L. Everett, and E. Gibson. 2014. “Cultural Differences in Perceptual Reorganization in US and Pirahã Adults.” PLOS ONE 9 (11): e110225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110225.
Yoon, J. M. D., J. Winawer, N. Witthoft, and E. M. Markman. 2007. “Striking Deficiency in Top-Down Perceptual Reorganization of Two-Tone Images in Preschool Children.” Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning, 181–86.
Zlatev, Jordan. Forthcoming. “The Emergence of Gestures.” In The Handbook of Language Emergence, edited by Brian MacWhinney and William O’Grady. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Index
Page numbers in bold indicate definitions, figures, and tables.
abstraction(s), 62; culture as, 76, 79, 84; dismissed (Berkeley), 54; metaphoric gestures as, 246–47
actuation problem, 217, 247
adjacency (iconicity), 246. See also brain; linguistics
adults: visual perception among, 144–45; visual perception among Pirahãs, 145. See also perception; vision
afferent disorder, 239. See also gesture(s)
agriculture, Pirahãs’ brazil nut groves, 181–84, 188–91
algorithms, 29, 30, 102. See also science
Allah, 317–18. See also God; Muslims; religion
allophones, 8. See also linguistics
Alto do Cruzeiro (tribe), mothers among, 124–25. See also mothers; Pirahãs
anatman (nonself), 4, 13
animal cognition, 37–38
animals, nonhuman: cognition of, 37–38; differ from humans, 225, 256, 311; instincts of, 311; interactions with, 109, 117–18; knowledge acquisition, 122; nurtured by Pirahã women, 126; perception by, 266; Pirahã love of, 127; produce symbols, 200; rats, 285; resemble humans, 320, 32
1–22; Wilson on, 320. See also humans; Pirahãs
anomalies: as counterexamples, 154–55; as exceptions, 154. See also counterexamples; exceptions, vs. counterexamples
anthropology, 109, 138; and culture, 69–70, 79–80, 81–82, 133–34, 172; Geertz on, 139; linguistic turn in, 63–66; of “outsiders vs. autochthonous peoples, 187–88; physical, 72–75. See also ethnography; linguistics; Pirahãs; Rimrock study; Sapir, Edward
aphasia: Broca’s, 246; Wernicke’s, 246. See also brain; gesture(s); speech
apperception(s), 6, 11, 16, 25, 66, 107, 126, 161, 167, 199; William James on, 40–41; Kant on, 40; Leibniz on, 40; Quine on, 59. See also dark matter
a priori knowledge. See knowledge
Arawan (Amazonian people), 134, 207
Arbib, Michael A. 241
“Aristotelian shift,” 288
Aristotle, 12, 37n6, 224, 232, 258; Metaphysics, 51–52; Politics, 51; Posterior Analytics, 50; view of knowledge, 50–59, 244. See also gesture(s); Plato
Arrernte, gesture after (not before) words, 240–41. See also gesture(s)
arrows, Pirahãs, 178–81, 180, 181. See also text(s)
art: Australian Aboriginal, 252–53; Dutch, 98–99; reactions to, 138. See also photography
artificial intelligence (AI), 101–3. See also computer(s)
assumptions, tacit, 2
atheism/atheist, 3, 46. See also religion
Athena, 263
atman, 13
attachment: language and, 131–35; among Pirahãs, 123–35; theory, 119–22, 123n5
axiology, 85
babies. See children
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 261, 269
Baldwin, James, on culture, 66n2
Banawá (tribe), 125; culture of, 206–7, 249; Everett on, 206–7, 295. See also culture(s); Pirahãs
baptism, 264. See also Bible; Christianity
Bastian, Adolph, 34, 41–43, 274, 284, 290, 304; compared with Boas, 56–57; and Freud, 44; influence of, 44–47, 50; The People of East Asia, 42
Bastianism, 287. See also Bastian, Adolph
beats (form of gesture), 246–47
Becker, Alton L., 290
behavior: language as form of, 234; as particle, wave, and field (Pike), 237n8; sexual, 14. See also cognition