Gettysburg
Page 65
Mahone’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. William Mahone
6th Virginia: Col. George T. Rogers
12th Virginia: Col. D. A. Weisiger
16th Virginia: Col. Joseph H. Ham
41st Virginia: Col. William A. Parham
61st Virginia: Col. V. D. Groner
Posey’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. Carnot Posey
12th Mississippi: Col. W. H. Taylor
16th Mississippi: Col. Samuel E. Baker
19th Mississippi: Col. N. H. Harris
48th Mississippi: Col. Joseph M. Jayne
Perry’s Brigade: Col. David Lang
2nd Florida: Maj. W. R. Moore (w-c)
Capt. William D. Ballentine (w-c)
Capt. Alexander Mosely (c)
Capt. C. Seton Fleming
5th Florida: Capt. R. N. Gardner (w)
Capt. Council A. Bryan
8th Florida: Lt. Col. William Baya
Wilcox’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox
8th Alabama: Lt. Col. Hilary A. Herbert
9th Alabama: Capt. J. H. King (w)
10th Alabama: Col. William H. Forney (w-c)
Lt. Col. James E. Shelley
11th Alabama: Col. J.C.C. Sanders (w)
Lt. Col. George E. Tayloe
14th Alabama: Col. L. Pinckard (w)
Lt. Col. James A. Broome
Wright’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. Ambrose R. Wright
3rd Georgia: Col. E.J. Walker
22nd Georgia: Col. Joseph A. Wasden (k)
Capt. B. C. McCurry
48th Georgia: Col. William Gibson (w-c)
Capt. M. R. Hall
2nd Georgia Battalion: Maj. George W. Ross (mw)
Capt. Charles J. Moffett
Artillery Battalion: Maj. John Lane
Sumter (Georgia) Artillery, Co. A: Capt. Hugh M. Ross
Sumter (Georgia) Artillery, Co. B: Capt. George M. Patterson
Sumter (Georgia) Artillery, Co. C: Capt. John T. Wingfield (w)
Heth’s Division: Maj. Gen. Henry Heth (w)
Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew (mw)
First Brigade: Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew (mw)
Col. James K. Marshall (k)
Maj. John T. Jones
11th North Carolina: Col. Collett Leventhorpe (w)
Maj. Egbert A. Ross (k)
26th North Carolina: Col. Henry K. Burgwyn, Jr. (k)
Lt. Col. John R. Lane (w)
Capt. H. C. Albright
47th North Carolina: Col. George H. Faribault (w)
Lt. Col. John A. Graves (c)
52nd North Carolina: Col. James K. Marshall (k)
Lt. Col. Marcus A. Parks (w-c)
Maj. John Q. A. Richardson (k)
Second Brigade: Col. John M. Brockenbrough
40th Virginia: Capt. T. E. Betts
Capt. R. B. Davis
47th Virginia: Col. Robert M. Mayo
55th Virginia: Col. William S. Christian (c)
22nd Virginia Battalion: Maj. John S. Bowles
Third Brigade: Brig. Gen. James J. Archer (c)
Col. Birkett D. Fry (w-c)
Lt. Col. S. G. Shepard
13th Alabama: Col. Birkett D. Fry (w-c)
5th Alabama Battalion: Maj. A. S. Van de Graaff
1st Tennessee: Lt. Col. Newton J. George (c)
Maj. Felix G. Buchanan (w)
7th Tennessee: Col. John A. Fite (c)
Lt. Col. S. G. Shepard
14th Tennessee: Capt. B. L. Phillips
Fourth Brigade: Brig. Gen. Joseph R. Davis
2nd Mississippi: Col. John M. Stone (w)
Lt. Col. David W. Humphreys (k)
Maj. John A. Blair
11th Mississippi: Col. Francis M. Green
42nd Mississippi: Col. Hugh R. Miller (mw)
55th North Carolina: Col. John K. Connally (w)
Maj. Alfred H. Belo (w)
Artillery Battalion: Lt. Col. John J. Garnett
Maurin’s Donaldsonville (Louisiana) Battery: Capt. Victor Maurin
Moore’s Norfolk (Virginia) Battery: Capt. Joseph D. Moore
Lewis’s Pittsylvania (Virginia) Battery: Capt. John R. Lewis
Grandy’s Norfolk (Virginia) Blues Battery: Capt. C. R. Grandy
Pender’s Division: Maj. Gen. William D. Pender (mw)
Brig. Gen. James H. Lane
Maj. Gen. Isaac R. Trimble (w-c)
Brig. Gen. James H. Lane
First Brigade: Col. Abner Perrin
1st South Carolina: Maj. C. W. McCreary
1st South Carolina Rifles: Capt. William M. Hadden
12th South Carolina: Col. John L. Miller
13th South Carolina: Col. B. T. Brockman
14th South Carolina: Lt. Col. Joseph N. Brown (w)
Maj. Edward Croft (w)
Second Brigade: Brig. Gen. James H. Lane
Col. Clark M. Avery
Brig. Gen. James H. Lane
Col. Clark M. Avery
7th North Carolina: Capt. J. McLeod Turner (w-c)
Capt. James G. Harris
18th North Carolina: Col. John D. Barry
28th North Carolina: Col. S. D. Lowe (w)
Lt. Col. W.H.A. Speer
33rd North Carolina: Col. Clark M. Avery
37th North Carolina: Col. William M. Barbour
Third Brigade: Brig. Gen. Edward L. Thomas
14th Georgia: Col. Robert W. Folsom
35th Georgia: Col. Bolling H. Holt
45th Georgia: Col. Thomas J. Simmons
49th Georgia: Col. S. T. Player
Fourth Brigade: Brig. Gen. Alfred M. Scales (w)
Col. William L. J. Lowrance (w)
13th North Carolina: Col. J. H. Hyman (w)
Lt. Col. H. A. Rogers
16th North Carolina: Capt. Abel S. Cloud (c)
22nd North Carolina: Maj. Thomas S. Galloway, Jr.
34th North Carolina: Col. William L. J. Lowrance (w)
Lt. Col. G. T. Gordon
38th North Carolina: Col. W. J. Hoke (w)
Lt. Col. John Ashford (w)
Artillery Battalion: Maj. William T. Poague
Albemarle (Virginia) Light Artillery: Capt. James W. Wyatt
Charlotte (North Carolina) Artillery: Capt. Joseph Graham
Madison (Mississippi) Light Artillery: Capt. George Ward
Brooke’s Warrenton (Virginia) Battery: Capt. James V. Brooke
Corps Artillery Reserve: Col. R. Lindsay Walker
McIntosh’s Battalion: Maj. D. G. Mcintosh
Danville (Virginia) Light Artillery: Capt. R. S. Rice
Hardaway’s (Alabama) Artillery: Capt. W. B. Hurt
2nd Rockbridge (Virginia) Battery: Lt. Samuel Wallace
Johnson’s Richmond Battery: Capt. Marmaduke Johnson
Pegram’s Battalion: Maj. W. J. Pegram
Capt. E. B. Brunson
Crenshaw’s Virginia Battery: Lt. John H. Chamberlayne (c)
Fredericksburg (Virginia) Artillery: Capt. Edward A. Marye
Letcher (Virginia) Artillery: Capt. T. A. Brander
Pee Dee (South Carolina) Artillery: Lt. William E. Zimmerman
Purcell (Virginia) Artillery: Capt. Joseph McGraw
Cavalry Division
Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart
Hampton’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. Wade Hampton (w)
Col. L. S. Baker
1st North Carolina: Col. L. W. Baker
1st South Carolina: Lt. Col. John D. Twiggs
2nd South Carolina: Maj. Thomas J. Lipscomb
Cobb’s (Georgia) Legion: Col. Pierce B. L. Young
Jeff Davis Legion: Lt. Col. Joseph F. Waring
Phillips (Georgia) Legion: Lt. Col. W. W. Rich
Fitz Lee’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee
1st Maryland Battalion: Maj. Harry Gilmor
Maj. Ridgely Brown
1st Virginia: Col. James H. Drake
2nd Virginia: Col. Thomas T. Munford
3rd Virginia: Col. Thomas H. Owen
4th Virginia:
Col. Williams C. Wickham
5th Virginia: Col. Thomas L. Rosser
Robertson’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. Beverly H. Robertson
4th North Carolina: Col. Dennis D. Ferebee
5th North Carolina: Lt. Col. James B. Gordon
Jenkins’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. Albert G. Jenkins (w)
Col. Milton J. Ferguson
14th Virginia: Maj. Benjamin F. Eakle (w)
16th Virginia: Col. Milton J. Ferguson
17th Virginia: Col. William H. Frenach
34th Virginia Battalion: Lt. Col. Vincent A. Witcher
36th Virginia Battalion: Maj. James W. Sweeney
Jackson’s (Virginia) Battery: Capt. Thomas E. Jackson
Jones’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. William E. Jones
6th Virginia: Maj. Cabel E. Flournoy
7th Virginia: Lt. Col. Thomas Marshall
11th Virginia: Col. Lunsford L. Lomax
35th Virginia Battalion: Lt. Col. Elijah V. White
W.H.F. Lee’s Brigade: Col. John R. Chambliss, Jr.
2nd North Carolina: Lt. Col. William H. F. Payne
9th Virginia: Col. R.L.T. Beale
10th Virginia: Col. J. Lucius Davis
13th Virginia: Lt. Col. Jefferson C. Phillips
Imboden’s Brigade: Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden
18th Virginia Cavalry: Col. George W. Imboden
62nd Virginia Mounted Infantry: Col. George H. Smith
Virginia Partisan Rangers: Capt. John H. McNeill
Staunton (Virginia) Artillery: Capt. John H. McClanahan
Stuart Horse Artillery: Maj. R. F. Beckham
Breathed’s (Virginia) Battery: Capt. James Breathed
Chew’s (Virginia) Battery: Capt. R. Preston Chew
Griffin’s (Maryland) Battery: Capt. William H. Griffin
Hart’s (South Carolina) Battery: Capt. James F. Hart
McGregor’s (Virginia) Battery: Capt. William M. McGregor
Moorman’s (Virginia) Battery: Capt. Marcellus N. Moorman
*
Notes
Works cited by author and short title in the Notes will be found in full citation in the Bibliography. The abbreviation OR stands for U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Series I unless otherwise noted). SHSP stands for Southern Historical Society Papers, PMHSM for the Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, and MOLLUS for the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Dates without a year are understood to be 1863. Generally, senders and addressees of dispatches are the principals rather than staff officers sending them “by order of.”
1. We Should Assume the Aggressive
1. May 15, J. B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, 1:325; William Preston Johnston to his wife, May 15, Barret Collection, Tulane University.
2. Lee to Davis, May 7, Jefferson Davis, The Papers of Jefferson Davis, 9:170; Stephen W. Sears, Chancellorsville, 492, 501; Lee to G.W.C. Lee, May 11, Robert E. Lee, The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, 482.
3. A memoir by Postmaster General John H. Reagan, published forty-three years later, claimed attendance at this May 15 conference. In fact, however, Reagan confused it with a May 26 meeting (which Lee did not attend) when Davis briefed his Cabinet. It is inconceivable that Davis would have invited his postmaster general to join any strategy conference with Lee and Seddon. John H. Reagan, Memoirs: With Special Reference to Secession and the Civil War (New York: Neale, 1906), 120–22, 150–53.
4. Pettus to Davis, Apr. 16, cited in Davis, Papers, 9:148; Pemberton to Davis, May 1, 12, 13, OR 24.3:807, 859, 870; Seddon to Johnston, May 9, Johnston to Davis, May 13, OR 24.1:215.
5. Thomas Lawrence Connelly and Archer Jones, The Politics of Command, 118–23; Longstreet to Wigfall, Feb. 4, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress; Longstreet to Lee, Apr. 3, OR 18:958–59; Seddon to Longstreet, May 3, 1875, Longstreet Papers, Emory University.
6. Lee to Seddon, Apr. 9, Lee, Wartime Papers, 429–30; Samuel Cooper to Lee, Apr. 14, OR 25.2:720; Lee to Cooper, Apr. 16, Lee, Wartime Papers, 433–34.
7. May 6, Jones, Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, 1:311; Longstreet to Lafayette McLaws, July 25, 1873, McLaws Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina; Connelly and Jones, Politics of Command, 123. Seddon’s May 9 telegram is not on record, but its content can be inferred from Lee’s responses (Note 8).
8. Lee to Seddon, May 10 (telegram), OR 25.2:790;Lee to Seddon, May 10, Lee, Wartime Papers, 482;Richard M. McMurry, “Marse Robert and the Fevers: A Note on the General as Strategist and on Medical Ideas as a Factor in Civil War Decision Making,” Civil War History, 35:3 (1989), 197–207. For the Federal intelligence leak, in the Washington Chronicle, see Sears, Chancellorsville, 126–27.
9. The fullest discussion of Longstreet’s postwar demonization in the South, and his intemperate response, is William Garrett Piston, Lee’s Tarnished Lieutenant: James Longstreet and His Place in Southern History (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1987).
10. Longstreet to Wigfall, May 13, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress; Longstreet to McLaws, July 25, 1873, McLaws Papers, Southern Historical Collection. For the circumstances and significance of the McLaws letter, see Richard Rollins, “‘The Ruling Ideas’ of the Pennsylvania Campaign: James Longstreet’s 1873 Letter to Lafayette McLaws,” Gettysburg Magazine, 17 (1997), 7–16.
11. Longstreet to McLaws, July 25, 1873, McLaws Papers, Southern Historical Collection; Lee quoted by John Seddon, c. July 15, in SHSP, 4 (1877), 154.
12. Longstreet to Wigfall, May 13, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.
13. Lee to Davis, Apr. 16, Lee, Wartime Papers, 434–35;Longstreet to McLaws, July 25, 1873, McLaws Papers, Southern Historical Collection.
14. James Longstreet, “Lee in Pennsylvania,” Annals of the War, 416–17; William Allan, conversation with Lee, Apr. 15, 1868, in Gary W. Gallagher, ed., Lee the Soldier, 15; Longstreet to McLaws, July 25, 1873, McLaws Papers, Southern Historical Collection. In 1866, after interviewing Longstreet, correspondent William Swinton wrote that Lee had “expressly promised” Longstreet he would not assume the tactical offensive in the coming campaign: Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac (New York: Charles B. Richardson, 1866), 340.
15. Davis, Papers, 9:xlii;May 6, Jones, Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, 1:312; Pettus to Davis, May 8, Jackson Mississippian editors to Davis, May 8, OR 52.2:468, 468–69.
16. Beauregard to Seddon, May 3, 12, OR 14:924, 938; Lee to Seddon, Apr. 9, Lee to Cooper, Apr. 16, Lee to Seddon, May 10, Lee to Davis, May 11, Lee, Wartime Papers, 429–30, 433–34, 482, 483. In his dispatches to Seddon (May 10) and to Davis (May 11), Lee cited intelligence, gleaned from Northern newspapers and other sources, that Hooker was being reinforced by 30,000 men from Washington and by 18,000 from elsewhere, probably from North Carolina.
17. Richard M. McMurry, “The Pennsylvania Gambit and the Gettysburg Splash,” Gabor S. Boritt, ed., The Gettysburg Nobody Knows, 181–99. Beauregard argued that Longstreet’s two divisions ought to have been sent west in March or April, to cause whatever effect they might on the war there; Chancellorsville was fought and won without them anyway (Beauregard to Johnston, May 15, OR 23.2:837). Yet Hooker, knowing Longstreet was in Tennessee rather than hurrying toward the battlefield from southeastern Virginia, would likely have remained in his lines on May 6 and invited Lee to attack him there—and it is doubtful that Lee would have prevailed.
18. Lee to Seddon, Apr. 9, Lee, Wartime Papers, 429–30; John Bigelow, Jr., The Campaign of Chancellorsville (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1910), 460–72; Jeffry D. Wert, General James Longstreet, 237–38.
19. Allan, conversation with Lee, Apr. 15, 1868, in Gallagher, ed., Lee the Soldier, 14; Northrop to Seddon, June 4, OR ser. IV. 2:574–75; Sears, Chancellors ville, 33; Robert K. Krick, “Why Lee Went North,” Morningside Notes, 24 (Dayton: Morningside House, 1988), 10.
20. Marshall to D. H. Hill, Nov. 11, 1867, D. H. Hill Papers,
Library of Virginia; McClellan testimony, Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, 1 (1863), 439. See Stephen W. Sears, “The Twisted Tale of the Lost Order,” North & South, 5:7 (2002), 54–65.
21. Lee to his wife, Feb. 23, Lee to Davis, Apr. 16, Lee, Wartime Papers, 407–8, 434–35.
22. Lee quoted by John Seddon, c. July 15, in SHSP, 4 (1877), 154; Lee to his wife, Apr. 19, Lee, Wartime Papers, 438; Lee report, July 31, OR 27.2:305.
23. Justus Scheibert, Seven Months in the Rebel States During the North American War, 1863, 98; Lee reports, July 31, 1863, Jan. 1864, OR 27.2:305, 313; Allan, conversation with Lee, Apr. 15, 1868, in Gallagher, ed., Lee the Soldier, 13; Lee to D. H. Hill, May 25, Lee, Wartime Papers, 493.
24. Lee to his wife, Apr. 19, Lee, Wartime Papers, 437–38; Allan, conversation with Lee, Feb. 19, 1870, in Gallagher, ed., Lee the Soldier, 17.
25. Davis to Lee, May 31, Davis, Papers, 9:201–2; Seddon to Lee, June 10, OR 27.3:882. Clerk Jones noted the cancellation of the Fredericksburg train on May 16 (Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, 1:325–26). Dispatches datelined Richmond show Lee therefore remaining in the capital on the 16th transacting army business, then returning to Fredericksburg on the 17th.
2. High Command in Turmoil
1. Hooker to Lincoln, May 13, Lincoln to Hooker, May 13, OR 25.2:473, 474; Lincoln to Hooker, May 14, Abraham Lincoln, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 6:217.
2. See “The Revolt of the Generals,” Stephen W. Sears, Controversies & Commanders, 131–66.
3. Darius Couch memoir, 1873, Old Colony Historical Society; Meade to his wife, May 10, 20, George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, 1:373, 379; Samuel P. Heintzelman diary, May 13, Heintzelman Papers, Library of Congress; Alexander S. Webb to his brother, c. May 9, Webb Papers, Yale University Library.
4. Hooker G.O. 49, May 6, OR 25.1:171.
5. Sedgwick to his sister, May 15, John Sedgwick, Correspondence of John Sedgwick, 2:128; Meade to his wife, May 10, Meade, Life and Letters, 1:373–74; June 20, Gideon Welles, Diary of Gideon Welles, 1:336; Abbott to his mother, May 17, Henry L. Abbott, Fallen Leaves: The Civil War Letters of Major Henry Livermore Abbott, 181. For Hooker’s injury, see “In Defense of Fighting Joe,” Sears, Controversies & Commanders, 177, 186–89.
6. Bruce Tap, Over Lincoln’s Shoulder: The Committee on the Conduct of the War (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998), 170; Chandler to his wife, May 20, Chandler Papers, Library of Congress.
7. Hooker testimony, Report of Joint Committee, 1 (1865), 151; Meade to his wife, May 15, Meade, Life and Letters, 1:376. Curtin probably heard from a third prominent Pennsylvanian in the Potomac army, General David B. Birney. Birney was identified by Washington insider Elizabeth Blair Lee as a member of the anti-Hooker cabal: Elizabeth Blair Lee, Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee, 269.