The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
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10. Halder’s diary, July 22, 1940. He records what Brauchitsch told him of the conference with Hitler in Berlin on the previous day.
11. Halder’s diary, July 3, 1940.
12. NCA, IV, p. 1083 (N.D. 2353–PS).
13. War Diary, OKW Operations Staff, Aug. 26, 1940. Quoted in DGFP, X, pp. 549–50.
14. See Warlimont’s two affidavits, NCA, V, pp. 740–41 (N.D. 3031, 2–PS), and his interrogation, ibid., Suppl. B, p. 1536. Jodl’s directive of Sept. 6, 1940, is given in NCA, III, pp. 849–50 (N.D. 1229–PS).
15. The directive of Nov. 12, 1940, NCA, III, pp. 403–7. The portion dealing with Russia is on p. 406.
16. OKW War Diary, Aug. 28. Quoted in DGFP, X, pp. 566–67n.
17. The Ciano Diaries, p. 289.
18. NCA, VI, p. 873 (N.D. C–53).
19. NSR, pp. 178–81.
20. The German memorandum, ibid., pp. 181–83; the Soviet memorandum of Sept. 21 in reply, ibid.,
21. Ibid., pp. 188–89.
22. Ibid., pp. 195–96.
23. lbid., pp. 197–99.
24. Ibid., pp. 201–3.
25. Ibid., pp. 206–7.
26. Ribbentrop’s letter to Stalin, Oct. 13,1940, ibid., pp. 207–13.
27. Text of Ribbentrop’s indignant telegram, ibid., p. 214.
28. Text of Stalin’s reply, ibid., p. 216.
29. Ibid., p 217.
30. Memoranda of the meetings of Molotov with Ribbentrop and Hitler on Nov. 12–13, 1940, ibid., pp. 217–54.
31. Schmidt, op. cit., p. 212.
32. Ibid.,
33. Dispatch of Schulenburg, Nov. 26, 1940, NSR, pp. 258–59.
34. FCNA, 1941, p. 13; Halder’s diary, Jan. 16, 1941.
35. Halder diary, Dec. 5, 1940; NCA, IV, pp. 374–75 (N.D. 1799–PS). The latter is a translation of part of the War Diary of the OKW Operations Staff, headed by Jodl.
36. Complete German text, TMWC, XXVI, pp. 47–52; short English version, NCA, III, pp. 407–9 (N.D.446–PS).
37. Halder, Hitler als Feldherr, p. 22.
38. FCNA, 1940, pp. 135–36 (conference of Dec. 27,1940).
39. Ibid., pp. 91–97, 104–8. (conferences of Sept. 6 and 26, 1940). Raeder signed both reports.
40. DGFP, IX, pp. 620–21.
41. Schmidt, op. cit., p. 196. The interpreter gives a fairly complete account of the conversations. The German minutes in the U.S. State Department’s The Spanish Government and the Axis are fragmentary. Erich Kordt, who was also present, gives a more detailed account in his unpublished memorandum, previously referred to.
42. Ciano’s Diplomatic Papers, p. 402.
43. Schmidt, op. cit., p. 197.
44. The text of the Montoire Agreement is among the captured German Foreign Office papers but was not released by the State Department at the time of writing. However, William L. Langer, Our Vichy Gamble (pp. 94–95), cites it from the German papers made available to him by the Department.
45. The Ciano Diaries, p. 300.
46. Ribbentrop on the stand at Nuremberg, and Schmidt in his book, p. 200, recalled the words.
47. Schmidt, op. cit., p. 200.
48. Halder’s diary, Nov. 4, 1940; report of Jodl to Adm. Schniewind, Nov. 4, FCNA, 1940, pp. 112–17; Directive No. 18, Nov. 12, 1940, NCA, III, pp. 403–7 (N.D. 444–PS).
49. FCNA, 1940, p. 125.
50. Ibid., p. 124.
51. The Spanish Government and the Axis, pp. 28–33.
52. Raeder’s report is in FCNA, 1941, pp. 8–13; Halder did not record the two-day conference in his diary until Jan. 16, 1941.
53. Text of Directive No. 20, NCA, IV, pp. 101–3 (N.D. 1541–PS).
54. Text of Directive No. 22 and supplementary order giving code names, NCA, III, pp. 413–15 (N.D. 448–PS).
55. NCA, VI, pp. 939–46 (N.D. C–134).
56. Halder, Hitler als Feldherr, pp. 22–24.
57. NCA, III, pp. 626–33 (N.D. 872–PS).
58. German figures given by Foreign Office, as of Feb. 21, 1941, NSR, p. 275.
59. German minutes of conference, NCA, IV, pp. 272–75 (N.D. 1746–PS).
60. NCA, I, p. 783 (N.D. 1450–PS).
61. A partial text of Directive No. 25, NCA, VI, pp. 938–39 (N.D. C–127).
62. OKW minutes of the meeting, NCA, IV, pp. 275–78 (N.D. 1746–PS, Part II).
63. Jodl’s testimony, TMWC, XV, p. 387. His “tentative” plan of operations, NCA, IV, pp. 278–79 (N.D. 1746–PS, Part V).
64. Text, letter of Hitler to Mussolini, March 28, 1941, NCA, IV, pp. 475–77 (N.D. 1835–PS).
65. For details see text of directive, NCA, III, pp. 838–39 (N.D. 1195–PS).
66. Churchill, The Grand Alliance, pp. 235–36.
67. From the Russian file of the High Command of the German Navy; entries for May 30 and June 6, NCA, VI, pp. 998–1000 (N.D. C–170).
68. FCNA, 1941, pp. 50–52.
69. TMWC, VII, pp. 255–56.
70. NCA, VI, p. 996 (N.D. C–170).
71. Cited by Shulman, op. cit., p. 65.
72. Top–secret directive, April 30, 1941, NCA, III, pp. 633–34 (N.D. 873–PS).
73. Halder affidavit, Nov. 22, 1945, at Nuremberg, NCA, VIII, pp. 645–46.
74. TMWC, XX, p. 609.
75. Testimony of Brauchitsch at Nuremberg, TMWC, XX, pp. 581–82, 593.
76. Text of Keitel’s order, July 23, 1941, NCA, VI, p. 876 (N.D. C–52); July 27 order, ibid., pp. 875–76 (N.D.C–51).
77. Text of the court–martial directive, NCA, III, pp. 637–39 (N.D. 886–PS). A slightly different version found in the records of Army Group South and dated a day later, May 14, is given in NCA, VI, pp. 872–75 (N.D.C–50).
78. Text of directive, also dated May 13, 1941, NCA, III, pp. 409–13 (N.D.447–PS).
79. Text of Rosenberg’s instructions, NCA, III, pp. 690–93 (N.D. 1029, 1030–PS).
80. Text, NCA, III, pp. 716–17 (N.D. 1058–PS).
81. Text of directive, NCA, VII, p. 300 (N.D. EC–126).
82. Memorandum of meeting, NCA, V, p. 378 (N.D. 2718–PS).
83. Schmidt, op. cit., p. 233.
84. Keitel interrogation, NCA, Suppl. B, pp. 1271–73.
85. The Duke of Hamilton’s personal report, NCA, VIII, pp. 38–40 (N.D. M–116).
86. Kirkpatrick’s reports on his interviews with Hess on May 13, 14, 15, ibid., pp. 40–46 (N.D.s M–117, 118, 119).
87. Churchill, The Grand Alliance, p. 54.
88. TMWC, X, p. 7.
89. Ibid., p. 74.
90. Douglas M. Kelley, 22 Cells in Nuremberg, pp. 23–24.
91. NSR, p. 324.
92. Ibid., p. 326.
93. Ibid., p. 325.
94. Ibid., p. 328.
95. Ibid., pp. 340–41.
96. Ibid., pp. 316–18.
97. Ibid., p. 328.
98. Ibid., p. 338.
99. Schulenburg’s dispatches, May 7, 12, ibid., pp. 335–39.
100. Ibid., p. 334.
101. Ibid., pp. 334–35.
102. Sumner Welles, The Time for Decision, pp. 170–71.
103. Churchill, The Grand Alliance, pp. 356–61.
104. NSR, p. 330.
105. NCA, VI, p. 997 (N.D. C–170).
106. NSR, p. 344.
107. Ibid., pp. 345–46.
108. Ibid., p. 346.
109. Text of, NCA, VI, pp. 852–67 (N.D. C–39).
110. The minutes of this meeting never turned up, so far as I know, but Halder’s diary for June 14, 1941, describes it, and Keitel told about it on the stand at Nuremberg (TMWC, X, pp. 531–32). The Naval War Diary also mentions it briefly.
111. NSR, pp. 355–56.
112. Ibid., pp. 347–49.
113. Schmidt’s formal memorandum of the meeting, ibid., pp. 356–57. Also his book, pp. 234–35.
114. Hitler to Mussolini, June 21, 1941, NSR, pp. 349–53.
115. The Ciano Diaries, pp. 369, 372.
116. Ibid., p. 372.
> CHAPTER 24
1. NCA, VI, pp. 905–6 (N.D. C–74). The complete text in German, TMWC, XXXIV, pp. 298–302.
2. Halder Report (mimeographed, Nuremberg).
3. NCA, VI, p. 929 (N.D. C–123).
4. Ibid., p. 931 (N.D.C–124).
5. Article by Gen. Blumentritt in The Fatal Decisions, ed. by Seymour Freidin and William Richardson, p. 57.
6. Liddell Hart, The German Generals Talk, p. 147.
7. Ibid., p. 145.
8. Halder Report,
9. Heinz Guderian, Panzer Leader, pp. 159–62. The page references in this and subsequent chapters are to the Ballentine soft-cover edition.
10. Blumentritt article, loc. cit., p. 66.
11. Interrogation of Rundstedt, 1945. Quoted by Shulman, op. cit., pp. 68–69.
12. Guderian, op. cit., pp. 189–90.
13. Ibid., p. 192.
14. Ibid., p. 194.
15. Ibid., p. 191.
16. Ibid., p. 199.
17. Goerlitz, History of the German General Staff, p. 403.
18. The Goebbels Diaries, pp. 135–36.
19. Hitler’s Secret Conversations, p. 153.
20. Halder, Hitler als Feldherr, p. 45.
21. NCA, IV, p. 600 (N.D. 1961–PS).
22. Blumentritt article, loc. cit., pp. 78–79.
23. Liddell Hart, The German Generals Talk, p. 158.
CHAPTER 25
1. DGFP, VIII, pp. 905–6.
2. NCA, IV, pp. 469–75 (N.D. 1834–PS).
3. The text, NCA, VI, pp. 906–8 (N.D.C–75).
4. Raeder’s report on the meeting, FCNA, 1941, p. 37. Also in NCA, VI, pp. 966–67 (N.D. C–152).
5. They are published, along with those of the subsequent talks, including two with Hitler, in NSR, pp. 281–316.
6. Schmidt, op. cit., p. 224.
7. FCNA, 1941, pp. 47–48.
8. N.D. NG–3437, Document Book VIII–B, Weizsaecker Case. Cited by H. L. Trefousse, Germany and American Neutrality, 1939–1941, p. 124 and n.
9. Text of telegram, NCA, VI, pp. 564–65 (N.D. 2896–PS).
10. Ibid., p. 566 (N.D. 2897–PS).
11. FCNA, 1941, p. 104.
12. NCA, VI, pp. 545–46 (N.D. 3733–PS).
13. Falkenstein memorandum of Oct. 29, 1940, NCA, III, p. 289 (N.D. 376–PS).
14. FCNA, 1941, p. 57.
15. Ibid.,
16. Ibid., Annex I (Raeder’s report to the Fuehrer, Feb. 4, 1941).
17. Ibid., (March 18, 1941).
18. Ibid.,(April 20, 1941).
19. Ibid., May 22, 1941.
20. Ibid.,(June 21, 1941).
21. NCA, V, p. 565 (N.D. 2896–PS).
22. German Naval War Diary, TMWC, XXXIV, p. 364 (N.D. C–118). The partial English translation in NCA, VI, p. 916, is quite misleading.
23. FCNA, Sept. 17, 1941, pp. 108–10.
24. Ibid., Nov. 13, 1941.
25. NCA, Suppl. B, p. 1200 (interrogation of Ribbentrop at Nuremberg, Sept. 10, 1945).
26. N.D. NG–4422E, Document Book IX, “Weizsaecker Case,” cited by Trefousse, p. 102.
27. Ibid. Numerous telegrams between Ribbentrop and Ott in May 1941, and Ott’s testimony in the “Far Eastern Trial” in Tokyo, cited by Trefousse, p. 103.
28. Vice-Minister Amau on Aug. 29 and Foreign Minister Adm. Toyoda on Aug. 30. Japanese minutes of the two meetings are in NCA, VI, pp. 546–51 (N.D. 3733–PS).
29. Hull, Memoirs, p. 1034. The texts of Toyoda’s telegrams to Nomura on Oct. 16, 1941, are given in Pearl Harbor Attack, Hearings before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, XII, pp. 71–72.
30. Hull, op. cit., pp. 1062–63.
31. Documents 4070 and 4070B, Far Eastern Trial, cited by Trefousse, pp. 140–41.
32. Hull, op. cit., pp. 1056, 1074.
33. Intercepted message of Oshima to Tokyo, Nov. 29, 1941, NCA, VII, pp. 160–63 (N.D. D–656).
34. Pearl Harbor Attack, XII, p. 204. The intercepted Tokyo telegram is also given in NCA, VI, pp. 308–10 (N.D.3598–PS).
35. NCA, V, pp. 556–57 (N.D. 2898–PS).
36. NCA, VI, p. 309 (N.D. 3598–PS).
37. Text of telegram, ibid., pp. 312–13 (N.D. 3600–PS).
38. Schmidt, op. cit., pp. 236–37.
39. TMWC, X, p. 297.
40. Intercepted message of Oshima to Tokyo, Dec. 8, 1941, NCA, VII, p. 163 (N.D. D–167).
41. N.D. NG–4424, Dec. 9, 1941, Document Book IX, Weizsaecker Case.
42. I have combined here Ribbentrop’s testimony in direct examination on the stand at Nuremberg—TMWC, X, pp. 297–98—and his statements during his pretrial interrogation which are contained in NCA, Suppl. B, pp. 1199–1200.
43. Hitler’s Secret Conversations, p. 396.
44. NCA, V, p. 603 (N.D. 2932–PS).
45. Schmidt, op. cit., p. 237.
46. A partial translation of Hitler’s speech is published in Gordon W. Prange (ed.), Hitler’s Words, pp. 97, 367–77.
47. English translation in NCA, VIII. pp. 432–33 (N.D. TC–62).
48. FCNA, 1941, pp. 128–30 (December 12).
CHAPTER 26
1. TMWC, XX, p. 625.
2. Hassell, op. cit., p. 208.
3. Ibid., p. 209.
4. Schlabrendorff, op. cit., p. 36.
5. Hassell, op. cit., p. 243.
6. The text of the first draft drawn up in January-February 1940, Hassell, op. cit., pp. 368–72; text of the second draft, composed at the end of 1941, Wheeler-Bennett, Nemesis, Appendix A, pp. 705–15.
7. Hassell, op. cit., pp. 247–48.
8. Ibid., p. 247.
9. The German Campaign in Russia—Planning and Operations, 1940–42 (Washington: Department of the Army, 1955), p. 120. This study is based largely on captured German Army records and monographs prepared by German generals for the Historical Division of the U.S. Army which, at the time of writing, were not generally available to civilian historians. However, I must point out that in the preparation of this and subsequent chapters the Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, was most helpful in giving access to German documentary material.
10. TMWC, VII, p. 260 (Paulus’ testimony at Nuremberg). Hitler’s remark was made on June 1, 1942, nearly a month before the offensive began.
11. The Ciano Diaries, op. cit., pp. 442–43.
12. Ibid., pp. 478–79.
13. Ibid., pp. 403–4.
14. FCNA, 1942, p. 47 (conference at the Berghof, June 15). Also p. 42.
15. Halder, Hitler als Feldherr, pp. 50–51.
16. FCNA, 1942, p. 53 (conference of Aug. 16 at Hitler’s headquarters).
17. Halder, op. cit., p. 50.
18. Ibid., p. 52.
19. The quotations from Hitler and Halder are from the latter’s diary and book, and from Heinz Schroeter, Stalingrad, p. 53.
20. Quoted by Gen. Bayerlein from Rommel’s papers, The Fatal Decisions, ed. by Freidin and Richardson, p. 110.
21. Bayerlein quotes the order. Ibid., p. 120.
22. The source for this and for much else in this chapter about Hitler’s OKW conferences is the so-called OKW Diary, which was kept until the spring of 1943 by Dr. Helmuth Greiner, and thereafter until the end of the war by Dr. Percy Ernst Schramm. The original diary was destroyed at the beginning of May 1945 on the order of General Winter, deputy to Jodl. After the war Greiner reconstructed the part he had kept from his original notes and drafts and eventually turned it over to the Military History Branch of the Department of the Army in Washington. Part of the material is published in Greiner’s book, Die Oberste Wehrmachtfuehrung, 1939–1943.