The Uniqueness of Western Law
Page 14
[←30 ]
Hengel, M. (1989). The ‘Hellenization’ of Judaea in the First Century After Christ, SCM Press, pp. 7-8.
[←31 ]
Hengel, M. (1980). Jews, Greeks and Barbarians, SCM Press, p. 117.
[←32 ]
Hengel, M. (1989). The ‘Hellenization’ of Judaea in the First Century After Christ, SCM Press, p. 51.
[←33 ]
Ibid., p. 11.
[←34 ]
Ibid., p. 21.
[←35 ]
See Siedentop, L. (2014). Inventing the Individual: The Origins of Western Liberalism, Allen Lane.
[←36 ]
Hoppe, H. (2006). ‘The Idea of a Private Law Society’; https://mises.org/library/idea-private-law-society (30/02/2016).
[←37 ]
Van Dun, F. (2009). ‘Argumentation Ethics and The Philosophy of Freedom’, Libertarian Papers, 1, 19.
[←38 ]
Hoppe, H. (2006). ‘The Idea of a Private Law Society’; https://mises.org/library/idea-private-law-society (30/02/2016).
[←39 ]
Graf, K. ‘Action-Based Jurisprudence: Praxeological Legal Theory in Relation to Economic Theory, Ethics, and Legal Practice’, Libertarian Papers, 3, 19 (2011).
[←40 ]
Ibid.
[←41 ]
Von Mises, L. (1998). Human Action: Scholar’s Edition, Alabama: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, p. 32.
[←42 ]
Von Mises, L. (1957). Theory and History, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 1.
[←43 ]
Graf, K. ‘Action-Based Jurisprudence: Praxeological Legal Theory in Relation to Economic Theory, Ethics, and Legal Practice’, Libertarian Papers, 3, 19 (2011).
[←44 ]
Hoppe, H. (1993). The Economics and Ethics Of Private Property, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 342.
[←45 ]
Ibid. p. 320.
[←46 ]
Kinsella, N. S. (1996). ‘Libertarian Theory of Punishment and Rights’, a. Loy. LAL Rev., 30, p. 607.
[←47 ]
Hoppe, H. (1993). The Economics and Ethics Of Private Property, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 345.
[←48 ]
Fukuyama, F. (2004). State-Building: Governance and World Order in the Twenty-First Century, London: Profile Books, p. 1.
[←49 ]
Rothbard, M. (ed. 2014). ‘A Libertarian View of Nationalism, Secession, and Ethnic Enclaves’; https://mises.org/blog/libertarian-view-nationalism-secession-and-ethnic-enclaves (29/10/2017).
[←50 ]
Hoppe, H. (2001). Democracy — The God That Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy and Natural Order, Transaction Publishers, pp. 213–215.
[←51 ]
Rockwell, L. (2014). ‘What Libertarianism Is, and Isn’t’; https://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/03/lew-rockwell/what-libertarianism-is-and-isnt/ (29/10/2017).
[←52 ]
Rothard, M. (2002). The Ethics of Liberty, New York University Press, p. 99.
[←53 ]
Van Dun, F. (2003). ‘Natural Law. A Logical Analysis’, Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics, 2003, 2.
[←54 ]
See Casey, G. (2012). Libertarian Anarchy: Against the State, Continuum International Publishing Group.
[←55 ]
Van Dun, F. ‘Kritarchy’; https://americankritarchists.wordpress.com/article-by-frank-van-dun/ (29/10/2017).
[←56 ]
Kinsella, Stephan. ‘Punishment and Proportionality: the Estoppel Approach.’ Journal of Libertarian Studies, 12, No. 1 (1996): 51–73.
[←57 ]
See my article (supra), ‘Estopping State Systems of Government’.
[←58 ]
Hoppe, H. (2004). ‘The Ethics and Economics of Private Property’; https://mises.org/library/ethics-and-economics-private-property (27/10/2017).
[←59 ]
See Jones, A.W. (2017) Before Church and State: A Study of Social Order in the Sacramental Kingdom of St. Louis IX, Emmaus Academic.
[←60 ]
Rothbard, M. (ed. 2014). ‘A Libertarian View of Nationalism, Secession, and Ethnic Enclaves’; https://mises.org/blog/libertarian-view-nationalism-secession-and-ethnic-enclaves (29/10/2017).
[←61 ]
See Salter, F. (2001). Risky Transactions: Trust, Kinship and Ethnicity, Berghahn Books.
[←62 ]
Duchesne, R. (2015). ‘The Greek-Roman Invention of Civic Identity versus the Current Demotion of European Ethnicity’, The Occidental Quarterly, 15.
[←63 ]
Duchesne, R. (2017). ‘Carl Schmitt Is Right: Liberal Nations Have Open Borders Because They Have No Concept of the Political’, The Occidental Quarterly, 17, 35–45.
[←64 ]
See Cochran, G. & Harpending, H. (2015). 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution, Basic Books; or Wade, N. (2015). A Troublesome Inheritance, New York: Penguin Books.
[←65 ]
See an article from The Independent here: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/soas-university-of-london-students-union-white-philosophers-curriculum-syllabus-a7515716.html (27/10/2017).
[←66 ]
From the Mail on Sunday, issue 08/01/2017; http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4098332/They-Kant-PC-students-demand-white-philosophers-including-Plato-Descartes-dropped-university-syllabus.html (27/10/2017).
[←67 ]
See Reuters article ‘Half of European men share King Tut’s DNA’; https://uk.reuters.com/article/oukoe-uk-britain-tutankhamun-dna/half-of-european-men-share-king-tuts-dna-idUKTRE7704OR20110801 (27/10/2017).
[←68 ]
Jorjani, J. R. (2016). ‘Rumi Was White’.
[←69 ]
Duchesne, R. (2011). The Uniqueness of Western Civilization, Leiden: Brill, p. 194.
[←70 ]
See ‘Source of the Faustian West’ below.
[←71 ]
Benson, B. L. (1990). The Enterprise of Law: Justice Without the Law, Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, pp. 11–12.
[←72 ]
Duchesne, R. (2011). The Uniqueness of Western Civilization, Leiden: Brill, p. 275.
[←73 ]
Iyer R., Koleva S., Graham J., Ditto P., Haidt J. (2012). ‘Understanding Libertarian Morality: The Psychological Dispositions of Self-Identified Libertarians’, PLoS ONE 7(8): e42366; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042366 (27/10/2017).
[←74 ]
See ‘Is There a European Personality Type?’ below.
[←75 ]
Illing, S. (2017). ‘Why social media is terrible for multiethnic democracies’; https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/15/13593670/donald-trump-jonathan-haidt-social-media-polarization-europe-multiculturalism.
[←76 ]
Duchesne, R. (2013). ‘Multicultural Historians: The Assault on Western Civilization and Defilement of the Historical Profession, Part I: Patrick O’Brien on the Scientific Revolution’, The Occidental Quarterly, 13. pp. 53–72.
[←77 ]
See Wade, N. (2015). A Troublesome Inheritance, New York: Penguin Books.
[←78 ]
Moody, R. (1993). ‘12 Psychological Type and Ethnicity: How Do Ethnographic and Type Descriptions Compare?’; http://typeandculture.org/Pages/C_papers93/12MoodyHaw.pdf (27/10/2017).
[←79 ]
Herk, N. A., Schaubhut, N. A. & Thompson, R. C. (2009). ‘Ethnic and Gender Differences in Best-Fit Type’; http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.619.8867&rep=rep1&type=pdf (29/12/2017).
[←80 ]
Cox, D., Jones, R. P. & Navarro-Rivera, J. (2013). ‘In Search of Libertarians in America’, PRRI; http://www.prri.org/research/2013-american-values-survey/ (29/12/2017).
[←81 ]
See my article (supra) ‘In Search of Non-White Philosophers’.
[←82 ]
See the previous article, ‘Source of the Faustian West’.
[←83 ]
>
Ignatiev, N. (2008). ‘One Summer Evening’, When Race Becomes Real: Black and White Writers Confront Their Personal Histories, SIU Press, p. 296.
[←84 ]
Dawkins, R. (1989 ed.). The Selfish Gene, Oxford University Press, p. 3.
[←85 ]
Qiuyan, Q. (2017). ‘Chinese derogatory social media term for “white left” Western elites spreads’; http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1047989.shtml (29/12/2017).
[←86 ]
See Duchesne, R. (2011). The Uniqueness of Western Civilization, Leiden: Brill; and Duchesne, R. (2017). Faustian Man in a Multicultural Age, London: Arktos Media Ltd.
[←87 ]
Hoppe, H. (2017). ‘Libertarianism and the Alt-Right. In Search of a Libertarian Strategy for Social Change’, Speech delivered at the 12th annual meeting of the Property and Freedom Society in Bodrum, Turkey, on September 17, 2017; https://misesuk.org/2017/10/20/libertarianism-and-the-alt-right-hoppe-speech-2017/ (29/12/2017).
[←88 ]
Duchesne, R. (2011). The Uniqueness of Western Civilization, Leiden: Brill, p. 32.
[←89 ]
See my article (supra) ‘Folk-Right versus Multicultralism’.
[←90 ]
Kuehnelt-Leddihn, E. von (1974). Leftism: From de Sade and Marx to Hitler and Marcuse, New York: Arlington House Publishers, p. 39.
[←91 ]
See Rushton, J. P. (2000 ed.). Race, Evolution and Behavior: A Life History Perspective, Charles Darwin Research Institute.
[←92 ]
Wolchover, N. (2012). ‘People Aren’t Smart Enough for Democracy to Flourish, Scientists Say’; https://www.livescience.com/18706-people-smart-democracy.html (27/10/2017).
[←93 ]
‘Yes, politicians are more likely than people in the general population to be sociopaths. I think you would find no expert in the field of sociopathy/psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder who would dispute this... That a small minority of human beings literally have no conscience was and is a bitter pill for our society to swallow — but it does explain a great many things, shamelessly deceitful political behavior being one.’ — Dr. Martha Stout, author of The Sociopath Next Door, retrieved from:
Freeman, D. (2012) ‘Are Politicians Psychopaths’; https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-freeman/are-politicians-psychopaths_b_1818648.html (27/10/2017).
[←94 ]
See Haidt, J. (2006). The Happiness Hypothesis: Putting Ancient Wisdom to the Test of Modern Science, London: Random House.
[←95 ]
See the study, ‘What Do Europeans Think About Muslim Immigration’, from Chatham House; https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/what-do-europeans-think-about-muslim-immigration (27/10/2017).
[←96 ]
Orbán, V. (2017). ‘We Europeans Are Christians’; http://www.theimaginativeconservative.org/2017/12/viktor-orban-european-christian-christmas-address-2017.html (31/12/2017).
[←97 ]
Belloc, H. (2015 ed.). The Great Heresies, Cavalier Books, p. 6.
[←98 ]
Interview with Joseph Pearce (2003) ‘An Interview with Alexander Solzhenitsyn’; https://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/art/an-interview-with-alexander-solzhenitsyn.html (29/11/2017).
[←99 ]
Solzhenitsyn, A. (1978). ‘A World Split Apart’, Harvard University Address; http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/alexandersolzhenitsynharvard.htm (27/10/2017).
[←100 ]
Quotes from the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2017) in Boston.
[←101 ]
Gillette, D. & Moore, R. (1991). King, Warrior, Magician, Lover: Rediscovering the Archetypes of the Mature Masculine, HarperCollins, p. 6.
[←102 ]
Benenson J.F., Markovits H., Hultgren B., Nguyen T., Bullock G., Wrangham R. (2013). ‘Social Exclusion: More Important to Human Females Than Males’, PLOS ONE 8(2): e55851; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055851.
[←103 ]
See Dominico Losurdo, Hegel and the Freedom of the Moderns (Duke University Press, 2004); Frederick Neuhouser, Foundation of Hegel’s Social Theory (Harvard University Press, 2000); Fred Dallmayr, G.W.F Hegel: Modernity and Politics (SAGE Publications, 1993); and Shlomo Avineri, Hegel’s Theory of the Modern State (Cambridge University Press, 1972).
[←104 ]
Frederick Neuhouser, p. 138.
[←105 ]
One can appreciate that these Hegelian scholars were trying to correct the notion that Hegel was an illiberal advocate of Prussian authoritarian, anti-constitutional, and militaristic policies, a view most commonly associated with Karl Popper. But in trying to make Hegel palatable to a liberal establishment serving social democracy, the authors referenced here, among others, have taken it as a given, almost in a way similar to Popper, that liberal freedoms cannot co-exist with any form of ethnic nationalism, that a state with an ethnic identity amounts to chauvinistic nationalism and totalitarianism. The Canadian academic, John Russon, in Reading Hegel’s Phenomenology (Indiana University Press, 2004), even tries to read into Hegel a call for Canada’s multicultural state!
[←106 ]
I am taking Hegelian reason as far as possible, while aware that we ultimately don’t know why the universe exists in the first place; why there is being instead of nothing. There are limits to reason, but it is still the case that Europeans today can speak rationally about these limits and about what lies beyond reason.