The Baroque Cycle: Quicksilver, the Confusion, and the System of the World
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ANGLESEY, LOUIS: 1648–. Earl of Upnor. Son of Thomas More Anglesey. Courtier and friend of the Duke of Monmouth during the Interregnum and, after the Restoration, at Trinity College, Cambridge.
ANGLESEY, PHILLIP: 1645–. Count Sheerness. Son of Thomas More Anglesey.
ANGLESEY, THOMAS MORE: 1618–1679. Duke of Gunfleet. A leading Cavalier and a member of Charles II’s court in exile during the Interregnum. After the Restoration, one of the A’s in Charles II’s CABAL (which see). Relocated to France during the Popish Plot troubles, died there.
ANNE I OF ENGLAND: 1665–1714. Daughter of James II by his first wife, Anne Hyde.
APTHORP, RICHARD: 1631–. Businessman and banker. One of the A’s in Charles II’s CABAL (which see). A founder of the Bank of England.
D’ARCACHON, DUC: 1634–. Louis-François de Lavardac. A cousin to Louis XIV. Builder, and subsequently Admiral, of the French Navy.
D’ARCACHON, ÉTIENNE: 1662–. Étienne de Lavardac. Son and heir of Louis-François de Lavardac, duc d’Arcachon.
D’ARTAGNAN, CHARLES DE BATZ-CASTELMORE: C. 1620–1673. French musketeer and memoirist.
ASHMOLE, SIR ELIAS: 1617–1692. Astrologer, alchemist, autodidact, Comptroller and Auditor of the Excise, collector of curiosities, and founder of Oxford’s Ashmolean Museum.
D’AVAUX, JEAN-ANTOINE DE MESMES, COMTE: French ambassador to the Dutch Republic, later an advisor to James II during his campaign in Ireland.
BOLSTROOD, GOMER: 1645–. Son of Knott. Dissident agitator, later an immigrant to New England and a furniture maker there.
BOLSTROOD, GREGORY: 1600–1652. Dissident preacher. Founder of the Puritan sect known as the Barkers.
BOLSTROOD, KNOTT: 1628–1682. Son of Gregory. Ennobled as Count Penistone and made Secretary of State by Charles II. The B in Charles II’s CABAL (which see).
BOYLE, ROBERT: 1627–1691. Chemist, member of the Experimental Philosophical Club at Oxford, Fellow of the Royal Society.
VON BOYNEBURG, JOHANN CHRISTIAN: 1622–1672. An early patron of Leibniz in Mainz.
CABAL, THE: unofficial name of Charles II’s post-Restoration cabinet, loosely modeled after Louis XIV’s Conseil d’en-Haut, which is to say that each member had a general area of responsibility, but the boundaries were vague and overlapping (see table, p. 920).
CAROLINE, PRINCESS OF BRANDENBURG-ANSBACH: 1683–1737. Daughter of Eleanor, Princess of Saxe-Eisenach.
CASTLEMAINE, LADY: see Villiers, Barbara.
CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA: 1638–1705. Portuguese wife of Charles II of England.
CHARLES I OF ENGLAND: 1600–1649. Stuart king of England, decapitated at the Banqueting House after the victory of Parliamentary forces under Oliver Cromwell.
CHARLES II OF ENGLAND: 1630–1685. Son of Charles I. Exiled to France and later the Netherlands during the Interregnum. Returned to England 1660 and re-established monarchy (the Restoration).
CHARLES LOUIS, ELECTOR PALATINATE: 1617–1680. Eldest surviving son of the Winter King and Queen, brother of Sophie, father of Liselotte. Re-established his family in the Palatinate following the Thirty Years’ War.
CHARLES, ELECTOR PALATINATE: 1651–1685. Son and heir to Charles Louis. War-gaming enthusiast. Died young of disease contracted during a mock siege.
CHESTER, LORD BISHOP OF: see Wilkins, John.
CHURCHILL, JOHN: 1650–1722. Courtier, warrior, duellist, cocks-man, hero, later Duke of Marlborough.
CHURCHILL, WINSTON: Royalist, Squire, courtier, early Fellow of the Royal Society, father of John Churchill.
CLEVELAND, DUCHESS OF: see Villiers, Barbara.
COMENIUS, JOHN AMOS (JAN AMOS KOMENSKY): 1592–1670. Moravian Pansophist, an inspiration to Wilkins and Leibniz among many others.
THE CABAL
Responsible party General area[s] of responsibility Corresponding roughly to formal position of*
C COMSTOCK, JOHN (EARL OF EPSOM) (Early in the reign) domestic affairs and justice. Later retired Lord High Chancellor
A ANGLESEY, LOUIS (DUKE OF GUNFLEET) (Early) the Exchequer and (covertly) foreign affairs, especially vis-a-vis France. Later Apthorp came to dominate the former. After Comstock’s retirement, but before the Popish Plot, domestic affairs, and the Navy. Various, including Lord High Admiral
B BOLSTROOD, KNOTT (COUNT PENISTONE) Foreign affairs (ostensibly) Secretary of State
A APTHORP, SIR RICHARD Finance Chancellor of the Exchequer
L LEWIS, HUGH (DUKE OF TWEED) Army Marshal, or (though no such position existed at the time) Defense Minister
COMSTOCK, CHARLES: 1650–1708. Son of John. Student of Natural Philosophy. After the retirement of John and the death of his elder brother, Richard, an immigrant to Connecticut.
COMSTOCK, JOHN: 1607–1685. Leading Cavalier, and member of Charles II’s court in exile in France. Scion of the so-called Silver branch of the Comstock family. Armaments maker. Early patron of the Royal Society. After the Restoration, the C in Charles II’s CABAL (which see). Father of Richard and Charles Comstock.
COMSTOCK, RICHARD: 1638–1673. Eldest son and heir of John Comstock. Died at naval battle of Sole Bay.
COMSTOCK, ROGER: 1646–. Scion of the so-called Golden branch of the Comstock family. Classmate of Newton, Daniel Waterhouse, the Duke of Monmouth, the Earl of Upnor, and George Jeffreys at Trinity College, Cambridge, during the early 1660s. Later, a successful developer of real estate, and Marquis of Ravenscar.
DE CRÉPY: French family of gentlemen and petty nobles until the Wars of Religion in France, during which time they began to pursue a strategy of aggressive upward mobility. They intermarried in two different ways with the older but declining de Gex family. One of them (Anne Marie de Crépy, 1653–) married the much older duc d’Oyonnax and survived him by many years. Her sister (Charlotte Adélaide de Crépy 1656–) married the Marquis d’Ozoir.
CROMWELL, OLIVER: 1599–1658. Parliamentary leader, general of the anti-Royalist forces during the English Civil War, scourge of Ireland, and leading man of England during the Commonwealth, or Interregnum.
CROMWELL, ROGER: 1626–1712. Son and (until the Restoration) successor of his much more formidable father, Oliver.
EAUZE, CLAUDE: see d’Ozoir, Marquis.
ELEANOR, PRINCESS OF SAXE-EISENACH: D. 1696. Mother (by her first husband, the Margrave of Ansbach) of Caroline, Princess of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Late in life, married to the Elector of Saxony.
ELISABETH CHARLOTTE: 1652–1722. Liselotte, La Palatine. Known as Madame in the French court. Daughter of Charles Louis, Elector Palatinate, and niece of Sophie. Married Philippe, duc d’Orléans, the younger brother of Louis XIV. Spawned the House of Orléans.
EPSOM, EARL OF: see Comstock, John.
FREDERICK V, ELECTOR PALATINATE: 1596–1632. King of Bohemia (“Winter King”) briefly in 1618, lived and died in exile during the Thirty Years’ War. Father of many princes, electors, duchesses, etc., including Sophie.
FREDERICK WILLIAM, ELECTOR OF BRANDENBURG: 1620–1688. Known as the Great Elector. After the Thirty Years’ War created a standing professional army, small but effective. By playing the great powers of the day (Sweden, France, and the Hapsburgs) against each other, consolidated the scattered Hohenzollern fiefdoms into a coherent state, Brandenburg-Prussia.
DE GEX: A petty-noble family of Jura, which dwindled until the early seventeenth century, when the two surviving children of Henry, Sieur de Gex (1595–1660), Francis and Louise-Anne, each married a member of the more sanguine family de Crépy. The children of Francis carried on the de Gex name. Their youngest was Édouard de Gex. The children of Louise-Anne included Anne Marie de Crépy (later duchesse d’Oyonnax) and Charlotte Adélaide de Crépy (later marquise d’Ozoir).
DE GEX, FATHER ÉDOUARD: 1663–. Youngest offspring of Marguerite Diane de Crépy (who died giving birth to him) and Francis de Gex, who was thirty-eight years old and in declining health. Raised at a school and orphanage in Lyons by Jesuits, who found in him an exceptionally gifted pupil. Became
a Jesuit himself at the the age of twenty. Was posted to Versailles, where he became a favorite of Mademoiselle. de Maintenon.
GREAT ELECTOR: see Frederick William.
GUNFLEET, DUKE OF: see Anglesey, Thomas More.
GWYN, NELL: 1650–1687. Fruit retailer and comedienne, one of the mistresses of Charles II.
HAM, THOMAS: 1603–. Money-goldsmith, husband of Mayflower Waterhouse, leading man of Ham Bros. Goldsmiths. Created Earl of Walbrook by Charles II.
HAM, WILLIAM: 1662–. Son of Thomas and Mayflower.
HENRIETTA ANNE: 1644–1670. Sister of Charles II and James II of England, first wife of Philippe, duc d’Orléans, Louis XIV’s brother.
HENRIETTA MARIA: 1609–1669. Sister of King Louis XIII of France, wife of King Charles I of England, mother of Charles II and James II of England.
HOOKE, ROBERT: 1635–1703. Artist, linguist, astronomer, geometer, microscopist, mechanic, horologist, chemist, optician, inventor, philosopher, botanist, anatomist, etc. Curator of Experiments for the Royal Society, Surveyor of London after the fire. Friend and collaborator of Christopher Wren.
HUYGENS, CHRISTIAAN: 1629–1695. Great Dutch astronomer, horologist, mathematician, and physicist.
HYDE, ANNE: 1637–1671. First wife of James, Duke of York (later James II). Mother of two English queens: Mary (of William and Mary) and Anne.
JAMES I OF ENGLAND: 1566–1625. First Stuart king of England.
JAMES II OF ENGLAND: 1633–1701. Duke of York for much of his early life. Became King of England upon the death of his brother in 1685. Deposed in the Glorious Revolution, late 1688–early 1689.
JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND: see James I of England.
JEFFREYS, GEORGE: 1645–1689. Welsh gentleman, lawyer, solicitor general to the Duke of York, lord chief justice, and later lord chancellor under James II. Created Baron Jeffreys of Wem in 1685.
JOHANN FRIEDRICH: 1620–1679. Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, book collector, a patron of Leibniz.
JOHN FREDERICK: see Johann Friedrich.
KÉROUALLE, LOUISE DE: 1649–1734. Duchess of Portsmouth. One of the mistresses of Charles II.
KETCH, JACK: Name given to executioners.
LAVARDAC: A branch of the Bourbon family producing various hereditary dukes and peers of France, including the duc d’Arcachon (see).
LEFEBURE: French alchemist/apothecary who moved to London at the time of the Restoration to provide services to the Court.
LEIBNIZ, GOTTFRIED WILHELM: 1646–1716. Refer to novel.
LESTRANGE, SIR ROGER: 1616–1704. Royalist pamphleteer and (after the Restoration) Surveyor of the Imprimery, hence chief censor for Charles II. Nemesis of Milton. Translator.
LEWIS, HUGH: 1625–. General. Created Duke of Tweed by Charles II after the Restoration, in recognition of his crossing the River Tweed with his regiment (thenceforth called the Coldstream Guards) in support of the resurgent monarchy. The L in Charles II’s CABAL (which see).
LISELOTTE: see Elisabeth Charlotte.
LOCKE, JOHN: 1632–1704. Natural Philosopher, physician, political advisor, philosopher.
DE MAINTENON, MME.: 1635–1719. Mistress, then second and last wife of Louis XIV.
MARY: 1662–1694. Daughter of James II and Anne Hyde. After the Glorious Revolution (1689), Queen of England with her husband, William of Orange.
MARY OF MODENA: 1658–1718. Second and last wife of James II of England. Mother of James Stuart, aka “the Old Pretender.”
MAURICE: 1621–1652. One of the numerous princely offspring of the Winter Queen. Active as a Cavalier in the English Civil War.
DE MESMES, JEAN-ANTOINE: see d’Avaux.
MINETTE: see Henrietta Anne.
MONMOUTH, DUKE OF (JAMES SCOTT): 1649–1685. Bastard of Charles II by one Lucy Walter.
MORAY, ROBERT: C. 1608–1673. Scottish soldier, official, and courtier, a favorite of Charles II. Early Royal Society figure, probably instrumental in securing the organization’s charter.
NEWTON, ISAAC: 1642–1727. Refer to novel.
OLDENBURG, HENRY: 1615–1677. Emigrant from Bremen. Secretary of the Royal Society, publisher of the Philosophical Transactions, prolific correspondent.
D’OYONNAX, ANNE MARIE DE CRÉPY, DUCHESSE: 1653–. Lady in Waiting to the Dauphine, Satanist, poisoner.
D’OZOIR, CHARLOTTE ADÉLAIDE DE CRÉPY, MARQUISE: 1656–. Wife of Claude Eauze, Marquis d’Ozoir.
D’OZOIR, CLAUDE EAUZE, MARQUIS: 1650–. Illegitimate son of Louis-François de Lavardac, duc d’Arcachon, by a domestic servant, Luce Eauze. Traveled to India in late 1660s as part of ill-fated French East India Company expedition. In 1674, when noble titles went on sale to raise funds for the Dutch war, he purchased the title Marquis d’Ozoir using a loan from his father secured by revenues from his slaving operations in Africa.
PENISTONE, COUNT: see Bolstrood, Knott.
PEPYS, SAMUEL: 1633–1703. Clerk, Administrator to the Royal Navy, Member of Parliament, Fellow of the Royal Society, diarist, man about town.
PETERS, HUGH: 1598–1660. Fulminant Puritan preacher. Spent time in Holland and Massachusetts, returned to England, became Cromwell’s chaplain. Poorly thought of by Irish for his involvement with massacres at Drogheda and Wexford. For his role in the regicide of Charles I, executed by Jack Ketch, using a knife, in 1660.
PHILIPPE, DUC D’ORLÉANS: 1640–1701. Younger brother of King Louis XIV of France. Known as Monsieur to the French Court. Husband first of Henrietta Anne of England, later of Liselotte. Progenitor of the House of Orléans.
PORTSMOUTH, DUCHESS OF: see Kéroualle, Louise de.
QWGHLM: Title bestowed on Eliza by William of Orange.
RAVENSCAR, MARQUIS OF: see Comstock, Roger.
ROSSIGNOL, ANTOINE: 1600–1682. “France’s first full-time cryptologist” (David Kahn, The Codebreakers, which buy and read). A favorite of Richelieu, Louis XIII, Mazarin, and Louis XIV.
ROSSIGNOL, BONAVENTURE: D. 1705. Cryptanalyst to Louis XIV following the death of his father, teacher, and collaborator Antoine.
RUPERT: 1619–1682. One of the numerous princely offspring of the Winter Queen. Active as a Cavalier in the English Civil War.
DE RUYTER, MICHIEL ADRIAANSZOON: 1607–1676. Exceptionally gifted Dutch admiral. Particularly effective against the English.
VON SCHÖNBORN, JOHANN PHILIPP: 1605–1673. Elector and Archbishop of Mainz, statesman, diplomat, and early patron of Leibniz.
SHEERNESS, COUNT: see Anglesey, Phillip.
SOPHIE: 1630–1714. Youngest daughter of the Winter Queen. Married Ernst August, who later became duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Later the name of this principality was changed to Hanover, and Ernst August and Sophie elevated to the status of Elector and Electress. From 1707 onwards, she was first in line to the English throne.
SOPHIE CHARLOTTE: 1668–1705. Eldest daughter of Sophie. Married Frederick III, elector of Brandenburg and son of the Great Elector. In 1701, when Brandenburg-Prussia was elevated to the status of a kingdom by the Holy Roman Emperor, she became the first Queen of Prussia and spawned the House of Prussia.
STUART, ELIZABETH: 1596–1662. Daughter of King James I of England, sister of Charles I. Married Frederick, Elector Palatinate. Proclaimed Queen of Bohemia briefly in 1618, hence her sobriquet “the Winter Queen.” Lived in exile during the Thirty Years’ War, mostly in the Dutch Republic. Outlived her husband by three decades. Mother of many children, including Sophie.
STUART, JAMES: 1688–1766. Controversial but probably legitimate son of James II by his second wife, Mary of Modena. Raised in exile in France. Following the death of his father, styled James III by the Jacobite faction in England and “the OId Pretender” by supporters of the Hanoverian succession.
UPNOR, EARL OF: see Anglesey, Louis.
VILLIERS, BARBARA (LADY CASTLEMAINE, DUCHESS OF CLEVELAND): 1641–1709. Indefatigable mistress of many satisfied Englishmen of high rank, including Charles II and John Churchill.
WALBROOK, EARL OF: see Ham, Thomas.
WATERHOUSE, BEATRICE: 1642–. Née Beatrice Durand. Huguenot wife of Sterling.
WATERHOUSE, CALVIN: 1563–1605. Son of John, father of Drake.
WATERHOUSE, DANIEL: 1646–. Youngest (by far) child of Drake by his second wife, Hortense.
WATERHOUSE, DRAKE: 1590–1666. Son of Calvin, father of Raleigh, Sterling, Mayflower, Oliver, and Daniel. Independent trader, political agitator, leader of Pilgrims and Dissidents.
WATERHOUSE, ELIZABETH: 1621–. Née Elizabeth Flint. Wife of Raleigh Waterhouse.
WATERHOUSE, EMMA: 1656–. Daughter of Raleigh and Elizabeth.
WATERHOUSE, FAITH: 1689–. Née Faith Page. English colonist in Massachusetts. (Much younger) wife of Daniel, mother of Godfrey.
WATERHOUSE, GODFREY WILLIAM: 1708–. Son of Daniel and Faith in Boston.
WATERHOUSE, HORTENSE: 1625–1658. Née Hortense Bowden. Second wife (m. 1645) of Drake Waterhouse, and mother of Daniel.
WATERHOUSE, JANE: 1599–1643. Née Jane Wheelwright. A pilgrim in Leiden. First wife (m. 1617) of Drake, mother of Raleigh, Sterling, Oliver, and Mayflower.
WATERHOUSE, JOHN: 1542–1597. Devout early English Protestant. Decamped to Geneva during reign of Bloody Mary. Father of Calvin Waterhouse.
WATERHOUSE, MAYFLOWER: 1621–. Daughter of Drake and Jane, wife of Thomas Ham, mother of William Ham.
WATERHOUSE, OLIVER I: 1625–1646. Son of Drake and Jane. Died in Battle of Newark during English Civil War.
WATERHOUSE, OLIVER II: 1653–. Son of Raleigh and Elizabeth.
WATERHOUSE, PRAISE-GOD: 1649–. Eldest son of Raleigh and Elizabeth. Immigrated to Massachusetts Bay Colony. Father of Wait Still Waterhouse.
WATERHOUSE, RALEIGH: 1618–. Eldest son of Drake, father of Praise-God, Oliver II, and Emma.
WATERHOUSE, STERLING: 1630–. Son of Drake. Real estate developer. Later ennobled as Earl of Willesden.