The League of Wives
Page 32
21. Jane Maury Denton diary, February 4–6, 1967, JJDPC.
22. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 70, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
23. Ibid., 71; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 207.
24. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 70–71, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
25. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 208; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 71–72, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
26. Allen, Until the Last Man, 25.
27. Ibid.
28. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, 2, June 16, 2000, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority.”
29. Jane Maury Denton diary, March 1, 1967, JJDPC.
30. Jenny Connell Robertson, Karen Butler, and Debby Burns Henry, in conversation with the author, January 16, 2016.
31. Patsy Crayton, “Ladies of the National League,” interview by Heath Hardage Lee, The League of Wives: Vietnam’s POW MIA Allies & Advocates exhibit, January 16, 2016, REDASC; Patsy Crayton, in conversation with the author, February 16, 2018.
32. Allen, Until the Last Man, 26–27.
33. Townley, Defiant, 31.
34. Ibid., x.
Chapter Seven: The League of Wives
1. Judi Clifford and Paul Galanti, in conversation with the author, May 2016–December 2017.
2. Jane Maury Denton diary, March 4, 1967, JJDPC.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Mrs. James A. Mulligan Jr. to Governor Averell Harriman, Ambassador at Large, Washington, DC, April 8, 1967, record group 59, National Archives at College Park, College Park, MD.
6. Phyllis Eason Galanti to Averell Harriman, April 10, 1967, folder 5, PEGP.
7. Jane Maury Denton diary, April 4, 1967, JJDPC.
8. Ibid.
9. Helene Knapp, “Helene’s Memoire from the Years 1946–1978” (unpublished memoir, 1978), 8; Helene Knapp, in conversation with the author, March 15–18, 2015.
10. McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome, 30.
11. Ibid., 39.
12. Ibid., 41–42.
13. Jane Maury Denton diary, July 18, 1967, JJDPC.
14. Dorothy McDaniel, in conversation with the author, January 16, 2018.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Jane Maury Denton diary, July 31, 1967, JJDPC.
18. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 218; Douglas Martin, “Jack Anderson, Investigative Journalist Who Angered the Powerful, Dies at 83,” obituary, New York Times, December 18, 2005.
19. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 218–19; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 80–81, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
20. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 80–85, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 219–22.
21. Sybil Stockdale to Phyllis Galanti, December 1, 1966, folder 4, PEGP.
22. Phyllis Galanti to other POW wives, August 16, 1967, folder 5, PEGP.
23. Grubb and Jose, You Are Not Forgotten, 74.
24. Sybil Stockdale, “Thank you, Mr. Watterson” speech, n.d., JSSP.
25. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 216.
26. Pat Twinem, in conversation with the author, June 6, 2017.
27. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 225.
28. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 89, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
29. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 225; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 88–89, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
30. Shirley Stark, email message to author, September 26, 2017.
31. Stockdale, “Thank you, Mr. Watterson” speech.
32. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, June 16, 2000, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority.”
Chapter Eight: Incredibly Screwed Up
1. OldTimeCandy.com, accessed November 6, 2017.
2. Sid Stockdale, email message to author, November 4, 2017.
3. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 87, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
4. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 226–27; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 86–88, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
5. Jeremiah, directed by Mark Fastoso (Birmingham: Alabama Public Television, 2015).
6. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 90, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
7. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 227.
8. Karnow, Vietnam: A History, 547.
9. Walter Cronkite, “We Are Mired in a Stalemate,” editorial, CBS News, broadcast February 27, 1968, accessed August 3, 2018, www.ushistoryatlas.com/era9/USHAcom_PS_U09_tet_R2.pdf; Walter Cronkite, A Reporter’s Life (New York: Knopf, 1996), 258.
10. Cronkite, Reporter’s Life, 258.
11. William J. Luti, “Did Fake News Lose the Vietnam War?” Wall Street Journal, January 20, 2018, A15.
12. John McCain with Mark Salter, Faith of My Fathers (New York: Random House, 1999), 192.
13. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 192–94.
14. John S. McCain, “John McCain, Prisoner of War: A First-Person Account,” U.S. News & World Report, January 28, 2008; McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 189–97.
15. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 192.
16. Jane Maury Denton diary, January 31, 1968, JJDPC.
17. Clinton, Loyal Opposition, 25.
18. Hearings on New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, part I, before the House Committee on Internal Security, 91st Cong. (1970), Committee Exhibit No. 14, 4021, in collection of Max Freidman.
19. Jane Maury Denton diary, January 31, 1968, JJDPC; Janie Tschudy, in conversation with the author, December 17, 2015.
20. Daniel Berrigan, Night Flight to Hanoi: War Diary with 11 Poems (New York: Harper & Row, 1968), x.
21. Ibid., xv.
22. Ibid., x.
23. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 295.
24. Clinton, Loyal Opposition, 59–60.
25. Bob Boroughs to Sybil Stockdale, February 12, 1968, box 3, SBSP.
26. McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome, 48.
27. Janie Tschudy, in conversation with the author, December 17, 2015; Judi Clifford, email message to author, November 18, 2017.
28. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 73, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
29. Jim Stockdale II, “My Father, the Spy in the Hanoi Hilton,” Daily Beast, April 27, 2015, accessed November 15, 2017, www.thedailybeast.com/my-father-the-spy-in-the-hanoi-hilton.
30. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 64, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
31. “The National League of Families of American Prisoners of War and Missing in Southeast Asia,” paper by unidentified author, n.d., 22, JSSP.
32. Stockdale, “My Father, the Spy.”
33. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, June 16, 2000, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority.”
34. Louise Mulligan, oral history interview with Heath Hardage Lee, December 10, 2016, REDASC; McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome, 48.
Chapter Nine: You Say You Want a Revolution?
1. Danny Miller, “Eartha Kitt, CIA Target,” HuffPost, December 27, 2008 (quoting New York Times), accessed January 27, 2018, www.huffingtonpost.com/danny-miller/eartha-kitt-cia-target_b_153684.html; Editors of Life, Life 1968: The Year That Changed the World (New York: Life Books, 2018), 54.
2. Davis, Long Road Home, 161.
3. Amanda Foreman, “Remembering the Pueblo: Hostages as Propaganda Tools,” Wall Street Journal, January 23, 2018.
4. Davis, Long Road Home, 160.
5. Edwin H. Brandt, “The Moving Finger Rites,”
Esquire, December 1969, 253.
6. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 98, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
7. Patrick J. Buchanan, “With Nixon in ’68: The Year America Came Apart,” Wall Street Journal, April 7–8, 2018.
8. Karnow, Vietnam: A History, 510.
9. Mark K. Updegrove, Indomitable Will: LBJ in the Presidency (New York: Skyhorse, 2012), 248.
10. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 299.
11. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, June 29, 2018.
12. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, May 7 and June 29, 2018; Sybil Stockdale to Louise Mulligan (“Dear Wives and Families of the MIA and POW, En Route to California”), October 11, 1969, collection of Louise Mulligan.
13. Sybil Stockdale, “1968: What Was Changing,” 5, box 3, SBSP.
14. Bob Boroughs to Sybil Stockdale, April 12, 1968, box 3, SBSP.
15. Niall Ferguson, Kissinger, 1923–1968: The Idealist (New York: Penguin Press, 2015), 813–815.
16. Sylvia Poggioli, “Marking the French Social Revolution of ’68,” Morning Edition, NPR, May 13, 2008.
17. Ferguson, Kissinger, 814.
18. Ibid.; Abramson, Spanning the Century, 644, 661.
19. Abramson, Spanning the Century, 660.
20. Ibid., 660–61.
21. Jonathan Coleman, “Harold Wilson, Lyndon Johnson and the Vietnam War, 1964–68,” American Studies Today Online, December 7, 2004, accessed December 11, 2017, www.americansc.org.uk/Online/Wilsonjohnson.htm.
22. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 295.
23. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 5, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
24. Allen, Until the Last Man, 28.
25. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 5, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
26. Debby Burns Henry and Jenny Connell Robertson, in conversation with the author, January 16, 2016.
27. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2018.
28. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 297.
29. Davis, Long Road Home, 5–11.
30. Senate Report 2832, “Communist Interrogation, Indoctrination and Exploitation of American Military and Civilian Prisoners,” 84th Cong., December 31, 1956, in collection of Max Friedman, 3.
31. Ibid., 2.
32. Ibid., 21.
33. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 5, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
34. Louise Mulligan, email message to author, November 2017; McDaniel, After the Hero’s Welcome, 52.
35. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 299–300.
36. Sybil Stockdale, “1968: What Was Changing,” 5, box 3, SBSP.
37. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 101–102, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
38. “Navy Wife Keeps Vigil for Captive Pilot,” San Diego Union-Tribune, October 27, 1968, box 5, folder 10, SBSP.
39. Sybil Stockdale, “1968: What Was Changing,” 5, box 3, SBSP.
40. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 303, 305; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 103, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
41. “An Appeal to the World: POW Wives Break Silence,” San Diego Union-Tribune, June 4, 1969, collection of Debby Burns Henry.
42. McDaniel, After The Hero’s Welcome, 53.
43. Denis Collins, “The Deprogramming of a POW,” Washington Post, August 31, 1981.
44. Louise Mulligan, oral history interview with Heath Hardage Lee, December 10, 2016, REDASC.
Chapter Ten: “Nixon’s the One!”
1. Jason L. Riley, “Martin Luther King: ‘We Can’t Keep Blaming the White Man,’” Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2018, A-15.
2. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2018.
3. Dr. Frank Ochberg, “There Is Reason in Action,” in Mapping Trauma and Its Wake: Autobiographical Essays by Pioneer Trauma Scholars, ed. Charles R. Figley (New York: Routledge, 2006), 135; Dr. Frank Ochberg, in conversation with the author, February 28, 2017.
4. Dr. Luke Nichter, in conversation with the author, April 25, 2018.
5. John A. Farrell, Richard Nixon: The Life (New York: Doubleday, 2017), 4.
6. Will Swift, Pat and Dick: The Nixons, an Intimate Portrait of a Marriage (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014), 26.
7. Ibid., 12.
8. Farrell, Richard Nixon, 1–8; Evan Thomas, Being Nixon: A Man Divided (New York: Random House, 2015), 7–14.
9. Richard Nixon, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1978), 27.
10. Thomas, Being Nixon, 28–29.
11. Farrell, Richard Nixon, 7.
12. “Selections from the Collection, April 17 to June 7, 2015,” Nixon Library and Museum, accessed January 9, 2018, www.nixonlibrary.gov/themuseum/exhibits/2015/specialexhibits_Slections.php.
13. Dr. Irwin Gellman, in conversation with the author, October 17, 2017.
14. Nixon, The Memoirs, 30.
15. “Nixon, Richard Milhous,” Biographical Directory of the United States Congress online, accessed April 26, 2018, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000116.
16. Farrell, Richard Nixon, 293.
17. Nixon, The Memoirs, 224.
18. Ibid., 228.
19. Ibid., 252–55.
20. William Safire, “The Way We Live Now: 5-21-00: On Language; Secret Plan,” New York Times, May 21, 2000.
21. Nixon, The Memoirs, 258.
22. Dr. Luke Nichter, in conversation with the author, April 25, 2018.
23. Thomas, Being Nixon, 174.
24. Ibid.
25. Dr. Luke Nichter, in conversation with the author, April 25, 2018.
26. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 103, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
27. Ibid.
28. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 104, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
29. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2018.
30. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, June 8, 2000, 4, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority”; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 104, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
31. Richard Nixon, Roger Shields, and Henry Cabot Lodge to Phyllis Eason Galanti, telegrams, January 30, 28, and 29, 1969, folder 7, PEGP.
Chapter Eleven: Go Public
1. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 306.
2. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 110, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
3. Frank Sieverts to Brigadier General Leo Benade, February 6, 1969, folder 7, PEGP.
4. Dale Van Atta, With Honor: Melvin Laird in War, Peace and Politics (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008), 207.
5. Richard Capen, untitled autobiography, n.d., collection of Richard Capen.
6. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, June 8, 2000, 3, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority”; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 307.
7. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 306–7.
8. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 111, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
9. Ibid.; Karen Butler, in conversation with the author, January 27, 2017.
10. Richard Capen, in conversation with the author, January 18, 2016.
11. Van Atta, With Honor, 207.
12. Ibid.
13. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 113, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
14. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 308.
15. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 114, box 11, folder 22, SBSP; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 308.