54. Helene Knapp, “Helene’s Memoire from the Years 1946–1978” (unpublished memoir, 1978), 9; Helene Knapp to author, May 30, 2019.
55. Kissinger, Ending the Vietnam War, 375.
56. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 211, SBSP.
57. Stratton, “Losing Chuck,” chap. 4, 31–32.
58. National League of Families voter appeal, 1972, PPGPC.
59. Van Atta, With Honor, 422.
60. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 211–12, SBSP.
61. Ward and Burns, Vietnam War, 511.
62. John McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 337.
63. Jack Taylor, “Risner, POW Leader, Says Protestors Prolonged War,” Washington Post, 1973 (specific date unknown), collection of Max Friedman.
64. Dr. Henry Kissinger, in conversation with the author, October 15, 2015.
Chapter Seventeen: “We Chose to Be Together”
1. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 213, SBSP.
2. Ibid.
3. Louise Mulligan to Helene Knapp and Phyllis Galanti, January 9, 1973, folder 49, section 3, PEGP.
4. Ward and Burns, Vietnam War, 512
5. Richard M. Nixon, “Address to the Nation Announcing Conclusion of an Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam,” January 23, 1973, American Presidency Project, accessed August 6, 2018, www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3808.
6. Donald P. Baker, “We Chose to Be Together,” Washington Post, folder 118, section 4, PEGP.
7. Helene Knapp, email message to author, May 8, 2018.
8. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 216, SBSP.
9. Phyllis Galanti diary, January 24, 1973, PPGPC.
10. Phyllis Galanti, gift list from Paul’s return home, PPGPC.
11. Loudon Wainwright, “When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again—or Doesn’t,” Life, November 10, 1972, 37.
12. Louise Mulligan, email message to author, May 4, 2018.
13. Wainwright, “When Johnny Comes,” 37.
14. Ibid.
15. Andrea Rander, email to the author, August 8, 2018.
16. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, October 3, 2017.
17. Patsy Crayton and Karen Butler, in conversation with the author, January, 17, 2015; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 439; “Home At Last!” Newsweek, February 26, 1973, folder 34, section 2, PEGP.
18. Jane Griffin, “POW Husband Due Back. For Mrs Galanti: Excitement,” unidentified publication, n.d., folder 34, section 2, PEGP.
19. G. Warren Nutter, Assistant Secretary of Defense, “When They Return: Plans for PW/MIA Repatriation Detailed,” May 11, 1972, 3, collection of Debby Burns Henry.
20. Wainwright, “When Johnny Comes,” 34.
21. Davis, Long Road Home, 491.
22. Wainwright, “When Johnny Comes,” 34.
23. Van Atta, With Honor, 235.
24. Dr. Roger Shields, email message to author, May 1, 2018.
25. Davis, Long Road Home, 494.
26. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 587–89.
27. Phyllis E. Galanti, Chairman of the Board, National League of Families (and wife of POW Paul E. Galanti), to Roger Shields, Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Washington, DC, December 20, 1972, record group 59, National Archives at College Park, College Park, MD.
28. Davis, Long Road Home, 493.
29. Alvin Townley, “Jerry Denton: POW, Admiral, Senator, Hero,” USA Today, March 29, 2014; Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 235.
30. Davis, Long Road Home, 528–29.
31. Jeremiah, directed by Mark Fastoso (Birmingham: Alabama Public Television, 2015).
32. Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 236–37.
33. Griffin, “POW Husband Due Back.”
34. “Home At Last!” Newsweek, February 26, 1973, folder 34, section 2, PEGP; various newspaper clippings, collection of Judi Clifford.
35. “The Shift to Freedom Brings Happiest Week,” Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, VA), February 1, 1973, Merriann Boroughs scrapbook, Boroughs family private collection.
36. Ibid.
37. “Mr. POW” award, Boroughs family private collection, on loan to League of Wives exhibit, REDASC.
38. Jim Mulligan to Merriann Boroughs, February 17, 1973, Merriann Boroughs scrapbook, Boroughs family private collection.
39. Jim Stockdale to Merriann Boroughs, March 6, 1973, Merriann Boroughs scrapbook, Boroughs family private collection.
40. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, May 8, 2018.
41. Townley, Defiant, 348–49.
42. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 440–41.
43. Ibid., 441–43.
44. David Brown, “POW Aftereffects in McCain Unlikely,” Washington Post, May 23, 2008.
45. David J. Morris, The Evil Hours (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015), 48–49.
46. Ibid., 49.
47. Ibid.
48. Andrea Rander, email messages to author, August 3 and 8, 2018.
49. Morris, Evil Hours, 49.
50. Helene Knapp, in conversation with the author, March 18, 2015.
51. Ibid.
52. Hearing on American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action in Southeast Asia, 1973, before the House Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments, Committee on Foreign Affairs, 93rd Cong., May 23, 30, and 31, 1973, 33, collection of Helene Knapp.
53. Ibid, 37, collection of Helene Knapp.
54. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, March 1, 2018.
55. Andrea Rander, email message to author, August 8, 2018.
56. Memorandum of conversation between President Nixon and Dr. Roger E. Shields, April 11, 1973, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/dmemcons.asp.
57. Graham, Personal History, 503–4.
58. Thomas, Being Nixon, 486.
59. Nixon, Memoirs, 867.
60. Various POW wives and spouses, in conversation with the author, 2015–2018.
61. Wiest and McNab, Illustrated History, 233.
62. Ibid., 236.
63. Karnow, Vietnam, 665–69; Burns and C. Ward, Vietnam, 555–562.
64. “Vietnam War Accounting,” Department of Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, accessed May 10, 2018, www.dpaa.mil/Our-Missing/Vietnam-War.
65. James Rosenthal, “The Myth of the Lost POWs,” The New Republic, July 1, 1985, accessed April 23, 2018.
66. Helene Knapp, in conversation with the author, March 15, 2015; Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, May 15, 2018; Bruce Johnson Jr., email message to author, May 15, 2018.
67. Vietnam War POW/MIA List, Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, accessed May 10, 2018, www.dpaa.mil/Our-Missing/Vietnam-War/Vietnam-War-POW-MIA-List.
68. Helene Knapp, in conversation with the author, March 18, 2015; Helene Knapp to the author, May 30, 2019.
69. Kathleen Johnson Frisbie, in conversation with the author, October 3, 2017.
Chapter Eighteen: To the First Ladies of America!
1. Ross H. Perot, interview with the author, March 15, 2015.
2. Senator John McCain, in conversation with the author, March 10, 2016.
3. H. Ross Perot, in conversation with the author, March 15, 2015.
4. Ibid.
5. Carole Hanson Hickerson, email message to author, April 11, 2018.
6. Ibid.
7. Carole Hanson Hickerson, in conversation with the author, July 10, 2015.
/>
8. Carole Hanson Hickerson, email message to author, May 12, 2018.
9. “President Nixon’s Toast to Returned Prisoners of the Vietnam War, May 24, 1973,” C-SPAN, accessed August 6, 2018, www.c-span.org/video/?313093-1/president-nixons-toast-returned-prisoners-vietnam-war.
10. Paul Galanti, in conversation with the author, December 15, 2016.
11. Ken Khachigian, in conversation with the author, March 12, 2017.
12. Dr. Roger Shields, in conversation with the author, April 23, 2018.
13. “President Nixon’s Toast to Returned Prisoners,” C-SPAN; Senator John McCain, in conversation with the author, March 10, 2016.
14. Dr. Henry Kissinger, in conversation with the author, October 15, 2015.
15. “Revised Schedule of Events for Navy Returnees and Their Guests,” U.S. Department of State, May 23–25, 1973, 4, PPGPC.
16. White House Gala menu, White House Social Secretary, collection of Ted Sienicki.
17. Nixon Gala footage, Nixon Library and Archive.
18. Ken Khachigian, in conversation with the author, March 3, 2017.
19. Ellen Robertson and Jeremy Slayton, “Jane Maury Denton Dies at 81,” Richmond Times-Dispatch, December 3, 2007.
20. Phyllis Galanti, index card speech, n.d., card 12, PPGPC.
21. Various papers, PPGPC.
22. Ross Mackenzie, eulogy at Phyllis Galanti Memorial Service, First Presbyterian Church, Richmond, VA, April 29, 2014.
23. Andrea Rander, email to the author, August 8, 2018.
24. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, June 29, 2018.
25. Patricia Sullivan, “Donald J. Rander Dies; Was POW in Vietnam for 5 Years,” Washington Post, May 1, 2005.
26. Andrea Rander, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2018.
27. Cheryl J. Cease, “The Mulligans: Life After Hanoi,” Tidewater Virginian: Business Magazine of Southeastern Virginia, August 1986, 45.
28. Louise Mulligan, email message to author, May 14, 2018.
29. Lynn Boroughs Amwake, in conversation with the author, February 27, 2017; Merriann Boroughs Lynch, in conversation with the author, July 20, 2017.
30. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 448.
31. Sybil Stockdale, “Reflections of a POW Wife” speech, JSSP.
Epilogue: “That Other Stockdale Naval Hero(ine)”
1. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 451.
2. “Sybil Bailey Stockdale,” obituary, Coronado Eagle & Journal, October 14, 2015.
3. Jim, Taylor, and Sid Stockdale, eulogies at Sybil Bailey Stockdale memorial service, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, November 6, 2015.
4. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 491.
5. Jeremiah Denton III, Q&A with unidentified interviewer, no. 2-101, collection of Madeleine Denton Doak.
6. Cease, “The Mulligans,” 42.
7. Senator John McCain, in conversation with the author, March 10, 2016.
8. Richard Capen, in conversation with the author, March 4, 2016.
9. Sybil Stockdale, oral history interview with Steven L. Smith, n.d., 8, in Smith, “Reluctant Sorority.”
10. Allen, Until the Last Man, 29.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archives and Special Collections
Note: The abbreviations used in the notes for archival sources, both public and private, are listed below.
JJDPC
Jane and Jeremiah Denton family private collection
JSSP
James and Sybil Stockdale Papers, Collection of the Coronado Historical Association, Coronado, CA
JSSPC
James and Sybil Stockdale family private collection
PEGP
Phyllis Eason Galanti Papers, Virginia Museum of History and Culture, Richmond, VA
PPGPC
Paul and Phyllis Galanti family private collection
REDASC
Robert and Elizabeth Dole Archive and Special Collections, Dole Institute of Politics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
SBSP
Sybil Bailey Stockdale Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, CA
SCPC
Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore, PA
Author Interviews
Amwake, Lynn Boroughs. February 27, 2017.
Boroughs, Tom. December 4, 2016.
Butler, Karen. January 17, 2015, and January 27, 2017.
Capen, Richard. January 18 and March 4, 2016; March 30, 2017.
Clifford, Judi. January 5 and September 16, 19, and 20, 2016; various dates, May 2016–December 2017.
Crayton, Patsy. January 17, 2015; July 22, 2016; January 27, 2017; and February 16, 2018.
Dennison, Sandy. March 9, 2016.
Denton, Jeremiah, III. May 7 and 8, 2016.
Dole, Senator Bob. October 13, 2016.
Estocin, Marie. February 22, 2018.
Frisbie, Kathleen Johnson. October 3, 2017; March 1, 18, and 21, April 20, and May 15, 2018.
Galanti, Paul. December 15, 2016; various dates, May 2016–December 2017.
Gellman, Dr. Irwin. October 17, 2017.
Halyburton, Marty. May 7, 2015.
Halyburton, Porter. May 7, 2015.
Henry, Debby Burns. January 16 and May 2, 2016
Hickerson, Carole Hanson. July 10, 2015, and April 11, 2018.
Johnson, Bruce. April 5, 2018
Khachigian, Ken. March 3 and 12, 2017.
Kissinger, Dr. Henry. October 15, 2015.
Knapp, Helene. March 15–18, 2015; various dates, 2015–2018.
Leepson, Marc. June 15, 2018; various dates, 2016–2018.
Lynch, Bernard. July 20, 2017.
Lynch, Merriann Boroughs. February 8 and July 20, 2017.
Mackenzie, Ginni. September 10, 2016.
Mackenzie, Ross. September 10, 2016.
Martin, Sherry. January 30, 2016.
McCain, Senator John. March 10, 2016.
McDaniel, Dorothy. January 16 and 18, 2018.
McDaniel, Red. January 16, 2018.
McElhanon, Sandy. March 10, 2018.
Mulligan, Louise. August 14, 2015.
Nichter, Dr. Luke. April 25, 2018.
Ochberg, Dr. Frank. February 28, 2017.
Perot, H. Ross. March 15, 2015.
Pollard, Joan. April 24, 2018.
Rander, Andrea. May 7 and 8 and June 29, 2018.
Robertson, Jenny Connell. January 16, 2016.
Shields, Dr. Roger. April 23, 2018.
Sienicki, Ted. December 18, 2015.
Stockdale, Sid. June 8 and 17, 2015.
Stratton, Sallie. September 7, 2017.
Tschudy, Bill. April 11, 2017.
Tschudy, Janie. December 17, 2015, and March 21, 2017.
Twinem, Pat. June 6 and 7, 2017.
Woolfolk, Bebe. November 27, 2015.
Selected Articles
A, Dr. Ganesh, and Dr. Catherine Joseph. “Personality Studies in Aircrew: An Overview.” Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine 49, no. 1 (2005).
Cease, Cheryl J. “The Mulligans: Life After Hanoi.” Tidewater Virginian: Business Magazine of Southeastern Virginia, August 1986.
Collins, Denis. “The Deprogramming of a POW.” Washington Post, August 31, 1981.
Denton, James S. “Editor’s Introduction: In Hanoi, Going Forward and Backward.” World Affairs Institute, January/February 2014. http://worldaffairsjournal.org/article/editor’s-introduction-hanoi-going-forward-and-backward.
Goodwin, Gerald F. “Black and White in Vietnam.” New York Times, July 18, 2017.
Luti, William J. “Did Fake News Lose the Vietnam War?” Wall Street Journal, January 20, 2018.
Moran, Jordan. “Nixon and the Pentagon Papers.” Miller Center, University of Virginia. https://mill
ercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/first-domino-nixon-and-the-pentagon-papers.
Peterson, Captain Gordon I., USN (Ret.), and David C. Taylor. “A Shield and a Sword: Intelligence Support to Communications with US POWs in Vietnam.” Studies in Intelligence 60, no. 1 (March 2016).
Powledchs, Fred. “H. Perot Pays His Dues.” New York Times, February 28, 1971.
Riley, Jason L. “Martin Luther King: ‘We Can’t Keep Blaming the White Man.’” Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2018.
Stockdale, Jim, II. “My Father, the Spy in the Hanoi Hilton.” Daily Beast, April 27, 2015. www.thedailybeast.com/my-father-the-spy-in-the-hanoi-hilton.
The League of Wives Page 35