gender wage gap,363
Genesis, Book of,1, 49
Genoa,201
Georgia, early Homo in,21
Germanic peoples,101
Germanyideas about race in,318
industrialization in,297
Nazi,337
Reformation in,255
Ghana,329–330, 343
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai,145
gladiators,112
Glasgow,249
global history,6
globalization,2, 363, 366
Glorious Revolution,258
Goa,218
goats and sheep,48, 53
Göbekli Tepe,50
gods and goddesses,65, 73
Goody, Jack,84
Goths,126, 128
Great Depression,336
great divergence,302
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,346
Greece,52, 78, 88
Greek philosophy,142
Green Revolution,342
grinding,33, 44
griots,85
Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe,162
Guangzhou,222
Guanyin,121
Guditjmara people,172
guildscraft,180
merchant,189
Guinea-Bissau,351
Gujarat,222, 226
gunpowder empires,229
gunpowder weapons,228
Gupta Empire,130
Guyana,324
Habermas, Jürgen,246
Hagia Sophia,184
hair,19, 39
Haiti,280, 312, 361
Hakka people,235
Hallan Çemi,44
Hamiko,93
Hammurabi’s Code,62, 81, 96
Hangzhou,183, 188–190
Harappa,77
Hatshepsut,93
Hawai‘i,31, 169, 324, 330
Hebrews,116
Henry VIII, king of England,256
hereditary dynasties,70, 73, 131, 148in ancient world,88–94
in Sumer,73
Herodotus,1
hijra,138
Hinduism,8, 106, 108, 138, 144, 146, 194, 205courts in,156
fundamentalism in,358
Hispaniola,212
Hitler, Adolf,337
Ho Chi Minh,332, 348
Hodgson, Marshall,229
Holy Roman Empire,229
hominids, non- and pre-human,14–25
Homo, evolution of genus,17–25
homosexuality.Seesame-sex relations
Hong Liangji,320
horsesamong the Mongols,173
domestication of,53
in the Americas,239
Huayna Capac,213
Hudson’s Bay Company,242, 297
humanism,128
Hungary,348
Huns,128, 130, 172
hunting,32, 37, 52by Inuit,172
by women,33
Huron people,241
Ibn Battuta,190, 203
Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz,333
Iceland,196
iconoclastic controversy,197
Ike no Taiga,236
Ilkhanate,135, 146
immigration, restrictions on,315–316, 321, 324
Immigration Restriction League,315
imperialism,324–331
Inca Empire,85, 152, 162, 167, 213
incest taboos,36
income inequality,354
indentured laborers,324
India,286cities in,364
cotton production in,288, 292
courtly behavior in,156
demographic trends in,369
gender norms in,99
Hindu nationalism in,358
in twentieth century,341
independence movement in,333
migration from,324
population growth in,319
slavery in,202
Indonesia,62, 334
Indus River Valley,48, 77
industrialization,286–302and imperialism,328
and World War I,331
in Japan,298–300
in Soviet Union,337
in USA,332
Nehru on,286
industrious revolution,288
infanticide,38, 311
informal economy,362
information technologies,371
inheritanceamong nobles,149
bilateral,103
by women,163
in Andes,166
in China,89
in Islam,141
in Sumer,74
matrilineal,101
systems of,61–62
intermarriage,102among ethnic groups in Europe,170
by fur traders,241–242
by merchants,199
in China,269
in colonial world,282
in contemporary world,370
in Dutch colonies,272
in French colonies,272
in Latin America,269, 316, 322
in Mongol Empire,176
in North America,273
in port cities,264
in Southeast Asia,322
in West Africa,272
prohibitions on,316
with Muslim traders,145
Inuit people,172
Iran,342, 357
Iraq,333, 357
Ireland,170, 321potato famine in,291
potatoes in,234
revolts in,277
iron,77, 167in industry,293
Iroquois Wars,241
irrigation,73–74
Isabella of Castile,261
Isfahan,219
Islam,161code of behavior in,157
development and spread of,136–146
fundamentalism in,357–358
in China,189
in Mongol Empire,176
in West Africa,328
sectarian violence in,360
Shi’a,141, 146, 259
slavery in,202
spread of,204
Sunni,142, 262
written texts in,85
Ismail, Shah,258
Israel,19–20, 28, 342, 358
Istanbul,219, 227
Italy,128, 194, 216, 337
Jamaica,361
Japan,34after World War II,346
authoritarianism in,337
Buddhism in,189, 192
Christianity in,262
courtly behavior in,156
demographic trends in,369
eating in,303
empire building by,330
food riots in,276
gender norms in,304
gender wage gap in,363
in World War II,338
industrialization in,298
migration from,324
Nara,152
population growth in,319
prestige goods in,224
revolts in,277
rulers in,93
schools in,155
silk and cotton in,288
tea in,247
Tokugawa,221, 230
women’s suffrage in,311
women’s work in,306
Jaspers, Karl,115
Java,222, 245, 326early Homo in,20
Jefferson, Thomas,250, 280
Jenne-jeno,75
Jerusalem,198
Jesuits,257, 264
Jesus Christ,123, 138
Jewsattacks on,184
in Israel,342
in medieval Europe,198
in Spain,206
marriage among,100
Nazi extermination of,338
persecution of,227, 262
Jim Crow laws,312
Jingu,93
joint-stock companies,228
Jordan,333
Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin,267
Judaism,8, 116, 123, 138fundamentalism in,358
in China,189
Julius Caesar,114
Justinian,184
kabuki theatre,247
Kanishka the Great,121
Kant, Immanuel,275
Kanzi (bonobo),15–16
Katib Chelebi,249
Kemal, Mus
tafa,333
Kenya,22, 324, 330, 343
Khadija,137, 140
Khanbaliq,177, 190, 202
khipu,126
Khmer kingdom,151
Khoisan,101
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah,357
Khubilai Khan,174, 190, 203, 261
Kimpa Vita, Beatriz,266
kin groups.See alsofamiliesamong early modern merchants,225
among Mongols,174
Andean,166
in ancient world,70, 101–104
Neolithic,57, 63
Paleolithic,29, 36–39
Klein, Richard,26
Ko, Dorothy,159
Kongo,219Christianity in,266
Konoike Shinroku family,225
Korea,221, 330, 367Buddhism in,189, 192
economic growth in,355
Silla,152
tea in,247
Korean War,346
Krupp family,297
Kush,126
Kushans,119, 130
labor, division ofamong the gods,65
by race,306, 363
by sex,33, 51, 167, 243, 252, 306–307, 330, 339, 344, 362
in ancient cities,80
slave and free,109
within communities,46
labor, ideas about,107, 362
labor force participation by women,354, 358
labor unions,310, 362in Poland,355
women’s,311
lactation.Seebreast-feeding
Lagos,365
Lakota people,239
language,27–28, 39
Latin Americacash crops in,300
immigration to,322
in twentieth century,344
religious diversity in,361
women’s protests in,351
law codes,57, 62, 70, 81about families and sex,96
about slavery,110
canon law,128
Hebrew,117
in ancient Egypt,98
in ancient world,105
in India,107
in Sumer,74
Mosaic,140
Muslim,245
Roman,114
shari’a,138, 144, 357
slaves in,115
League of Nations,332
Lebanon,333
leisure activities,308
Lenin, Vladimir,332
Leopold II, King of Belgium,328
Li Zicheng,277
liberalism,296
liberation theology,349–350
Liberia,328
Lidar,72
Linnaeus, Carl,274
Little Ice Age,215
Liverpool,293
Livingstone, David,329
llamas,54
Lodge, Henry Cabot,315
Lokaksema,121
London,183, 245food riots in,276
gin drinking in,248
tobacco merchants in,249
Lopez, Alma,268
Louis VII, king of France,147
Louis XVI, king of France,278
love poetry,96, 157
Loyola, Ignatius,257
Lü, Empress Dowager,91
Luba,85
Luddites,290
lukasa (memory boards),85
Lusotropicalism,322
Luther, Martin,255
luxury goods.Seeprestige goods
Macao,219
Madagascar,102
Madeira,206, 251
malaria,278, 318, 328–329
Malaya,326
Mali,75
Malthus, Thomas,320
Mamluks,146–148, 197–198
Manchester,290
Manchus,216
Mandate of Heaven,89
mandate system,333
Mande societies,85
Mandela, Nelson,351
Mandinka people,329
Manetho,88
Manusmrti (Laws of Manu),99
Mao Zedong,344
Maori people,237
Marco Polo,190, 203, 206
Marie-Antoinette, queen of France,235
marketsin Constantinople,185
in Hangzhou,190
in Tenochtitlan,186
urban,181
marriageamong Central Asian nomads,100
among Mongols,176
among pastoralists,101
among rulers,89, 150, 219
as a tool of politics,92
endogamous,39
in ancient world,94–96
in Christianity,124, 196, 266
in Islam,140
in Latin America,272
in northwestern Europe,290
levirate,100
Neolithic,62
of school teachers,307
temporary,272
marriage contracts,95
Marx, Karl,302
masculinity.Seegender norms
Mauritius,324
Mauryan Empire,118
Mayacity-states,72, 130
rulers among,93
writing,82
McBrearty, Sally,27
McIntosh, Rod and Susan,77
McLuhan, Marshall,84
meat eating,17–19, 32
Mecca,137, 219
Medici family,210, 225
megafaunal extinction,32
megaliths,64
Meiji Restoration,298
Melaka,145, 219, 222
Mendes (Nasi) family,227
Mercator, Gerardus,211
merchants.Seetrade
Mesoamerica,43, 46cities in,71
development of writing in,81
trade routes in,204
Mesopotamia,59, 71, 78
Methodism,309
Mexica people,185
Mexican Revolution,300
Mexico,213, 233, 350, 368industrialization in,344
revolts in,277
Mexico City,310
microwear analysis,14
migrationamong early Homo,20–21
Austronesian,102, 167
by Bantu-speaking people,167
by Han Chinese,235
by slaves,292
early modern,282
encouraged by rulers,161
in classical world,131
in Latin America,300
in medieval Europe,170
in Middle Millennium,205
in Mongol Empire,176
in nineteenth and twentieth centuries,321–324
Neolithic,52, 65
Paleolithic,30, 48
to cities,72, 365
within the USA,347
military-industrial complex,340
mining,109, 113, 218, 305–306early modern,275
in Africa,330
in Americas,218
in Latin America,300
missionaries,264, 281, 325–326in Latin America,361
Methodist,309
Mississippi Valley,165
Moche,87, 104
modernism,334
Mohenjo-Daro,77, 310
Mokyr, Joel,295
Moluccas,201
Mombasa,145
monasticismin Buddhism,118, 122, 192, 260
in Christianity,127, 195–196
Mongols,5, 135, 172–177, 190, 202–203, 301
monotheism,117
Montague, Mary Wortley,217
Montezuma I,152
Moravia,195
Mormonism,361
Morocco,28
Moses,117
Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo,351
mound culture,166
Mughal Empire,219, 229, 262, 325
Muhammad,136–138
Murad IV, Ottoman sultan,245
Murasaki Shikibu,157
musiccourtly,151, 156
in 1920s,334
in 1960s,349
in Caribbean,361
in coffeehouses,245
in Islam,144
in Japan,247
in Latin America,322
in medieval cities,183
in Renaissance Europe,225
in Soviet Union,337
Muslims.SeeIslam
N
abta Playa,64
Nalanda monastery,192, 194
Nan Singh,263
Nanak,259
Napoleon,180, 279, 295
Narai, king of Siam,264
Nasi, Gracia,227
nationalism,295–296and imperialism,329
and World War I,331
in India,358
Native Americansand horses,281
family life among,273
in nineteenth century,297
nature, ideas about,164
Nazi movement,318
Ndebele people,329
Neanderthals,22–25, 30
Nehru, Jawaharlal,286, 333, 341, 371
neoliberalism,352–354, 363
Neolithic era,7, 13
Nepal,108
Nestorius,195
Netherlands,372colonization by,221, 245
globalization in,367
potatoes in,234
Reformation in,257
toleration in,264
New France,222
New Julfa,225
New World, as a term,211
New Zealand,32, 169, 316, 321sweet potatoes in,237
Newcastle,293
Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso,261
Nicot, Jean,249
Niebelungenlied,150
Nigeria,360, 365
Nile River Valley,46cities in,71
Nilotes,101
Nkrumah, Kwame,343
nobles,149, 154–155, 163among the Mexica,188
in industrial societies,302
in Russia,219
Russian,232
Non-Aligned Nations Movement,341
North Americaagriculture in,165
fur trade in,240
Northern Ireland,360
Norway,196
Novgorod,240
Nuremberg,181
Odoacer,128
Olaf II, king of Norway,196
Öljaitü,135, 137, 146
Olmecs,75, 81
One Thousand and One Nights,158
Ong, Walter,84
opium,249, 325–326
oracle bones,81
oral traditions,85, 132, 161, 282
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,352
Orthodox Christianity,195
Ottoman Empire,229, 262, 281, 331–332smoking in,249
Owen, Wilfred,331
Oxford,196
Pacific islands,31, 167
painting.Seeart
Pakistan,341
Paleolithic era,4, 7, 13
Palestine,333, 342
pan-Africanism,343
papacy,149, 194, 198
Papua New Guinea,39, 46, 53, 237
Paris,179, 183, 196, 245department stores in,308
French Revolution in,279
urban renewal in,310
Parmentier, Antoine-Auguste,235
pastoralism,53nomadic in Asia,172
A Concise History of the World Page 44