patriarchy.Seegender hierarchies
Patterson, Orlando,111
Paul of Tarsus,124
pelvis, size of,18
pentecostalism,361
Pereira, Carmen,351
periodization,5, 14, 128, 204, 211, 281
Perón, Juan,344
Peru,213, 280, 324
Peter the Great,232
Philip IV, king of France,198
Philippines,203, 218, 235, 330Christianity in,265
Phoenicians,82
Picasso, Pablo,335
pigmentocracy,270
pilgrimagesin Buddhism,123, 191
in Christianity,126, 191, 197
in Islam,140, 144–145, 191
Pinkerton Private Detective Agency,298
piracy,221–222
Pius IX, Pope,320
plantationssugar,251
tobacco,250
Plato,111
poetryby rulers,151
Chinese,189
courtly,159
epic,158
in medieval Europe,158
in World War I,331
Renaissance,135
Sufi,144
Poland,355
Polynesian Exchange,237
Pomeranz, Kenneth,302
Pontius Pilate,124
Popul Vuh,1
populationclassical,131
decline in the Americas,213
early modern,233
Neolithic,50
Paleolithic,36
population growth,9after 1950,364
in 19th and 20th centuries,318–321
in Africa,343
in India,342
Neolithic,66
Portugal,218, 264, 322, 351
postcolonial history and theory,6
postindustrial economy,307, 362
potatoes,162, 166, 234–237in China,281
Potosí,218, 248
pottery,34, 55
povertyfeminization of,364
in ancient world,109
in contemporary cities,366
in contemporary world,368
in Middle East,342
in United States,348
vows of,196
prestige goods,43, 58, 75, 109, 181, 205, 222among Native Americans,239
furs as,240
priests,56in ancient India,105
in Christianity,127, 197
in Sumer,73
Indian,108
printing,1
prison reform,312
prostitutes and prostitutionand AIDS,365
in ancient Athens,111
in contemporary world,363
in early modern cities,248
in imperialism,325
in industrial cities,307
in Latin America,300
in medieval cities,183
in Russia,356
Provence,158
Prussia,230industrialization in,295
potatoes in,234
schools in,296
public health,310, 318
public transportation,310
Puerto Rico,311
Puritans,258
Qianlong Emperor,217
Quebec,241
Qur’an,137, 145, 148
Rabban Bar Sauma,197
Rabin, Yitzhak,358
race.See alsoethnicity;labor, division of by raceand computers,363
and labor segmentation,306
ideas about,254, 282
in Brazil,369
in British India,326
in colonial world,269–275
in Korea,331
in Nazi ideology,338
in nineteenth century,315–316
Radhanites,200
railroads,301, 319in Africa,330
in Britain,293
in British India,326
in continental Europe,295
in Japan,298
in USA,297
Rapa Nui (Easter Island),32, 164, 169
rape,74, 96, 350in warfare,60, 176, 232, 356
Rashid al-Din,135, 137, 145, 175, 206
Rastafari,361
Raziya,148
reconquista,196
ReformationCatholic,257
Protestant,255–258, 281
religionamong the Mexica,188
in ancient India,106
in early modern period,254
in nineteenth century,309
Native American,164
Neolithic,64
text-based,115–128
religious fundamentalism,357–360
Renaissance,128, 135, 225
RevolutionAmerican,278
French,5, 279
Haitian,280, 283
revolutionsAtlantic,277–280
Rhodesia,343
rice cultivation,171
Rig Veda,1
Rio de Janeiro,322
rituals,20, 39, 57Buddhist,192
Christian,126, 196, 233
Confucian,91
courtly,151, 155, 205
in ancient cities,71
in Australia,172
in China,89
in Hawai‘i,169
in Islam,145
Inca,248
Maya,82
Neolithic,45, 64–65
Paleolithic,39–44
tea,247
urban,180
village,161
Rockefeller family,297
Roman Catholic Christianity,194, 197
Roman Empire,131Christianity in,125, 127
Rome,75, 177, 183classical,69
food riots in,276
marriage in,94
politics in,88
religion in,123
slavery in,111–115
social hierarchies in,105
widows in,100
Roosevelt, Theodore,315
Rosenberg, Michael,45
rulers, female,88, 91, 93
Russia,195, 332communism in,303
early modern,219
expansion into Siberia,240
expansion of,221
life expectancy in,356
Russian Revolution,332
Safavid dynasty,219, 229
Safavid Empire,258, 262
Sahagún, Bernardino de,214
Sahara Deserttrade routes across,145, 201
saintsin Christianity,126
Sufi,144–145
salons,246, 281
Samarkand,145
samarui,193
same-sex relations,62, 95early modern,243
in Africa,360
in Athens,98, 115
in British Empire,336
in courtly cultures,158
in Japan,247
in Muslim societies,140
in Oceania,170
in Sparta,97
Sami people,172
Samoa,169, 238
samurai,154–155, 230, 298
San Lorenzo,75
San Martin, José de,280
Santiago de Compostela,197
Sargon of Akkad,71, 87
Sassanid dynasty,152
Sassanid Empire,131
sati,311
Saudi Arabia,333, 357
schoolsin Africa,344
in ancient Sumer,80
in British India,326
in China,155, 192
in imperialism,325
in industrial societies,304
in industrializing countries,296
in Iran,342
in Japan,298
Islamic,145
Maya,82
public,312
schoolteaching,307
science,143, 189
scientific societies,281
Scientology,361
Scotland,218
Scott, James C.,276
seclusion of women,163, 304in Constantinople,185
in courtly societies,159
in Hinduism,146
in Islam,141, 146
sedentism,44–46
Selassie, Haile,361
selective breeding.Seedomestication
Senegambia,222
Seoul,190
separate spheres, doctrine of,304
serfdom,219
Seven Years’ War,229
sexual orientation,336
sexuality, modern,335
Shajar al-Durr,147
Shakespeare, William,158
shamans,40, 56–57, 65, 145, 162, 170, 361
Shanghai,190
sharecropping,314
Shen Kuo,189
Shimabara Revolt,262, 277
Shinto,193
Shona people,329
Siam,326
Siberia,25fur trade in,240
Sierra Leone,328
Sigebert I, Frankish king,150
Sikhism,9, 259, 361
silk production,171, 288, 298–299
Silk Roads,119, 121, 130, 195, 202
silver trade,282
Sima de los Huesos (the pit of bones),22
Sima Qian,1
Singapore,324, 355
skin colorin ancient India,106
in Latin America,270
in North America,274
slash-and-burn cultivation,53
slave revolts,113, 280
slave trade,251–254, 312, 328
slaves and slavery,8, 58, 63, 251–254, 312among the Mexica,188
domestic,181
families,274
in Africa,222, 328
in American South,291
in Americas,281
in ancient Athens,110–111
in ancient Rome,111–115
in ancient world,70, 108–115
in Chesapeake,250
in cotton production,291
in Haiti,280
in Islam,146, 163
in Latin America,272
in Mediterranean,185
in North America,273
in Sparta,97
in Sumer,74
in the Americas,213
medieval,200–201
Slavs,201
slings for children,19, 33, 35
smallpox,49, 130, 240, 242, 278in Americas,213
in China,216
social and cultural history,2–4
Social Darwinism,314
social hierarchies,78, 90among Central Asian steppe peoples,174
among Native Americans,239
among the Mexica,188
and industrialization,301
contemporary,371
courtly,155
early modern,282
in agricultural societies,62
in ancient world,104–108
in China,176
in cities,180
in contemporary cities,366
in eastern Europe,356
in imperial Africa,330
in India,342
in industrial societies,302
in Latin America,269, 280, 300, 322, 368
in Muslim world,148
in Polynesia,169
in Song China,189
in Tokugawa Japan,230
Neolithic,45, 57
village,163
social mobility,148, 180
social movements,309–318
social protestsearly modern,275–277
in China,355
in cities,184
in Latin America,300
of 1960s,349
socialism,296, 303, 309, 342, 347, 349in Africa,351
Sonam Gyatso,260
Songhai Empire,204, 219
Sorghaghtani Beki,175
South Africa,28, 306, 324, 333, 351
Southeast AsiaHinduism in,108
imperialism in,326
migration to,322
Soviet Union,332, 336after World War II,348
end of communism in,356
in Cold War,340
Spaincolonization by,218
early Homo in,20
reconquista in,206
Spanish-American War,330
Sparta,78families in,97
Spartacus,113
spectator sports,308
speech,29
Spencer, Herbert,314
spices,201
spinning, mechanized,290
Sri Lanka,108, 122, 219, 360
stable isotope analysis,14, 23
Stalin, Joseph,336, 339
states, emergence of,86–94
steam engines,293
sterilization,316
Stone/Bronze/Iron Ages,13
Stonehenge,64
Stringer, Chris,26
suffragemen’s,310
women’s,311
Sufism,144
sugar,250–254
Süleyman the Magnificent,227
Sumer,87cities in,73–75
slavery in,108
writing in,79–80, 132
Sunda,190
Suriname,324
Swahili coastIslam on,145
trade along,200
sweatshop labor,306, 362
Swedencolonization by,221
schools in,296
sweet potatoes,235–238in China,281
Switzerland,234, 257
symbolic language,29
symbolic thought,11, 15, 20–21, 26–28
syphilis,216, 229
Syria,333
Tabriz,140, 145
Tahiti,238
Taino people,212
Taiwan,346, 355
Tale of Genji,157, 189
Tanzania,27
Tatar style,136
tattooing,43
tea,248–249, 325
temperance movement,309, 311–312
Ten Commandments,117
Tenochtitlan,152, 179, 185–188, 190, 213, 234
Tenzin Gyatso,261
Teotihuacan,75, 78, 130, 179, 185
Terra Amata,22
Thebes,71
Theodosius,127
theory of mind,15
Third World, concept of,340
Thirty Years’ War,229
Thomsen, C.J.,13
Tibet,221, 260Buddhism in,193
Timbuktu,145
time, ideas about,65
Timur (Tamurlane),173
Tiwanaku,87
Tlatelolco,185
Tlaxcalan people,213
Toba explosion,29
tobacco,249–250, 306
Tokugawa family,221
Tokyo (Edo),190, 230, 319
Tolui Khan,175
tools, stone,13, 16, 18, 21, 23, 26, 28
tools, wooden,22
totalitarian regimes,336
Toussaint l’Ouverture, François-Dominique,280
tradeby sea,203
by women,199
in ancient world,77
in Indian cotton,288
in Muslim world,200
Neolithic,45–46, 63
Paleolithic,28–29
promoted by Mongols,177
trade networksacross Eurasia,200–204
Arab,328
Armenian,225
early modern,224, 254
in Aksum,126
in China,288
Mesoamerican,204
Native American,165
Sahara,204
trade routes,198–204
transgender individuals,40, 93
transnational history,6
travel writing,191
Treaty of Versailles,332
Tri Songdetsen, king of Tibet,193
triangle trade,224
Trinidad,324
troubadours,158
Tupac Amaru II,280
Turkey,44, 333
turkeys,238
Turkic peoples,144
TurksOttoman,147, 219
Seljuk,146, 198
Uganda,359–360
ukiyo (Floating World),247
Ukraine,337
Ulfilas,126
unions.Seelabor unions
United Nations,340
United Statesafter World War II,347
and wars in the Middle East,357
empire building by,330
expansion of,297
immigration policies,315
/> in Cold War,340
industrialization in,297
slaves and slavery in,291
women’s movements in,311
women’s work in,306
universities,179, 196
Upanishads,105
urbanization.Seecities
Ur-Nammu,74law code of,108, 110
Uruk,73, 81
vassals,155
Vedas,105
veiling,140, 333in Iran,357
in Islam,358
Venice,180, 201, 245
Venus figures, Paleolithic,41
Vespucci, Amerigo,210
victory gardens,339
Vietnam,221, 326, 334, 348, 355
Vijiyanagar,179
Vikings,157, 164, 201
villagesin ancient world,72
in Europe,170
Neolithic,45, 53, 59
self-government by,163
Virgin of Guadalupe,267, 271
Virginia,249
Vladimir I,196
Vodou,361
Vodun,360
voting.Seesuffrage
Wahhabism,333, 357
Waldseemüller, Martin,210
Wallerstein, Immanuel,301
War of 1812,292
War of the Bavarian Succession,235
warfareamong Native Americans,239
and industrialization,301
and slave trade,252
early modern,228–232
in ancient Rome,112
in Japan,221
in Ming China,203
in Renaissance Italy,216
in Sparta,97
in Sumer,73
Mexica,188
Mongol,173
Neolithic,58, 60
Washington, George,250, 278
weaving,34, 55, 59, 61, 307among the Mexica,186
in China,110
welfare state,347, 352
Wells, H.G.,2, 9
Wesley, John,309
wetnurses,269
whaling,243
wheeled vehicles,56
white-collar jobs,308
widows,63as merchants,227, 233
in ancient China,99
in ancient Rome,100
in ancient world,99
in India,95, 311
wine.Seealcohol
Wired magazine,86
witchcraft,257
Wollstonecraft, Mary,283
women.Seelabor, division of, by sex;gender
women’s and gender history,6
women’s rights movements,311–312, 349–350
work.Seelabor
world history, field of,3–6
World War I,331
World War II,338–339
world-systems theory,302
A Concise History of the World Page 45